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1.
烟草叶围细菌Tpb55菌株的鉴定及其抑菌活性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Tpb55是从烟草叶面生境中分离获得的一株拮抗细菌,本研究从形态、生理生化、16S-23S rDNA转录间隔区PCR（ITS-PCR）分析,初步明确了该菌株的分类地位。光学显微镜下观察到Tpb55菌体为杆状,革兰氏染色均匀,鞭毛周生,产芽孢,各项生理生化测试指标与枯草芽孢杆菌菌株表现一致;16S-23S rDNA ITS-PCR分析结果表明,Tpb55与枯草芽孢杆菌同源性达到99.75%。Tpb55代谢产物对7种病原真菌和3种病原细菌均有不同程度的抑菌作用,表明该菌株代谢产物具有较高的抑菌活性和较广的抑菌谱。进一步研究发现,该菌株代谢产物对有机溶剂、蛋白酶、热和pH值都有很高的稳定性,是具较好开发潜能的生防菌株。 相似文献
2.
［目的］ 筛选对板蓝根根腐病有较强拮抗作用的生防菌株。［方法］ 采用平板对峙法对137个板蓝根根际土壤样本中分离到的201株拮抗细菌进行测试。［结果］ 筛选出1个对板蓝根根腐病菌有强烈抑制作用的菌株Bs-0728。结合显微镜观察确定Bs-0728菌株对板蓝根根腐病的主要致病菌茄腐镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用,导致菌丝生长畸形,弯曲,部分细胞膨大。田间试验结果表明,Bs-0728的发酵液田间防效达72.97%,且增产86.26%。经形态观察、生理生化反应及16S rDNA 序列分析,初步将此拮抗细菌鉴定为枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis。［结论］ 枯草芽孢杆菌Bs-0728菌株是一株很有应用前景的生防菌株。 相似文献
3.
《植物医生》2019,(5)
针对我国西南烟区烟草青枯病愈发严重的问题,选取了地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtitlis)和哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)3种生防菌剂,通过田间小区试验,探究3种生防菌剂对青枯病的田间控制效果及烟草生长情况的影响.结果表明:与地衣芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌相比,哈茨木霉对烟草青枯病的防控效果较好,在团棵期、旺长期和打顶期的相对防治效果分别可达66.7%、62.5%和56.8%.另外,3种生防菌剂对烤烟前期株高和茎叶的生长均有很好的促进作用.本研究为生物防治方法在烟草上的应用提供了新的思路和理论依据. 相似文献
4.
《中国植保导刊》2020,(8)
利用本实验室前期分离保存的58株芽孢杆菌进行马铃薯黑胫病生防菌株的筛选与鉴定,旨在为内蒙古地区马铃薯黑胫病的防治探索新方法。经平板初筛,共有17个菌株对马铃薯黑胫病菌(Pectobacterium atrosepticum)具有拮抗活性,占供试菌株的29.31%;进一步复筛获得拮抗效果较好的5个菌株,分别为Chi8-7、Genyun4-4、Gen7-4、Jing6-7、S-7。其中,菌株Genyun4-4的抑菌效果最为明显,抑菌圈宽度达到20.7 mm,显著高于其他供试菌株处理,且生物活性测定结果也表明该菌株的抑菌效果较好。通过形态学观察、分子鉴定和生理生化特征测定,菌株Chi8-7鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)、Genyun4-4鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(B. subtilis)、菌株Gen7-4、Jing6-7和S-7均鉴定为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(B. methylotrophicus)。 相似文献
5.
枯草芽孢杆菌发酵培养基的优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B908菌株是中国农业大学植物病害生物防治研究室从水稻根际土壤中分离获得的对水稻纹枯病有明显防治效果的有益菌株,应用前景广阔。本项研究的目的是通过优化发酵培养基的配方,提高该菌株发酵液的含菌量。发酵培养基配方是影响微生物发酵的重要因素之一。大量研究结果表明,不同细菌对各种营养物质的需求量不同。本项研究收集到应用于芽孢杆菌发酵的培养基配方20余种,通过摇床培养筛选出较适宜于枯草芽孢杆菌菌株B908发酵的培养基配方:玉米粉1．0％,葡萄糖0．5％,豆饼粉 相似文献
6.
生防细菌BRF-1和BRF-2鉴定及生物学特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
BRF-1和BRF-2是从大豆根际土壤中筛选得到的两株革兰氏阳性生防细菌,平板对峙培养表明它们对7种植物病原真菌具有拮抗作用。BRF-1芽孢球型中生,无鞭毛;而BRF-2芽孢球型端生,周生鞭毛。部分生物学特征研究表明,两菌株之间存在较大的差异。采用Biolog微生物自动鉴定仪鉴定和对两菌株的16S rDNA基因序列分析表明,菌株BRF-1和BRF-2分别与多粘类芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌亲缘关系最近,故把菌株BRF-1和BRF-2分别定为多粘类芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌。 相似文献
7.
井冈霉素和生防菌Bs-916协同控病作用及增效机理 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
为了解决枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis生防菌株Bs-916在大面积推广应用中存在着田间防治效果不稳定、药效作用缓慢等问题，将井冈霉素和生防菌Bs-916对半混合使用。试验结果表明：井冈霉素和生防菌Bs-916协同作用防治水稻纹枯病有显著的增效作用。用Bs-916利福平抗药性标记回收法测定了井冈霉素和Bs-916复配后Bs-916在水稻根叶围的定殖状况，表明井冈霉素对Bs-916在水稻根叶围定殖有促进作用，能减缓Bs-916群体数量大幅度下降，并使Bs-916发挥生物防治作用。这是井冈霉素和枯草芽孢杆菌Bs-916协同作用的增效机理之一。 相似文献
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10.
为明确生防菌S对胡椒瘟病菌的抑制作用及其分类地位,通过平板对峙培养和防效盆栽试验研究了生防菌S对胡椒瘟病菌的抑制作用,测定了菌株S的生物学特性,并采用形态特征观察、生理生化测定法和16S r DNA序列分析法对菌株S进行了鉴定。结果表明,生防菌S对胡椒瘟病菌的抑制率为60%;菌株S的最适生长温度为30℃,最适p H为8.0;根据16S r DNA序列分析比对结果,生防菌S与类芽胞杆菌属Paenibacillus sp.基因序列的同源性最高,结合形态和生理生化特征鉴定结果,确定该菌株为多黏类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa。 相似文献
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12.
Wellington Bressan Jose Edson Fontes Figueiredo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(3):311-316
Two isolates of Streptomyces spp. DAUFPE 11470 and DAUFPE 14632 were evaluated to determine the antagonist–pathogen inoculum concentration relationship
under greenhouse conditions. Pathogen and antagonist concentration, significantly (P < 0.05) affected development of Fusarium disease in maize with a significant interaction between pathogen and antagonist
concentration. Dose–response relationship also differed significantly (P < 0.05) between the two isolates, but both isolates demonstrated effective control of Fusarium disease, regardless of pathogen
concentration. The isolate DAUFPE 11470 provided the most effective control. The lowest value for disease incidence occurred
at low pathogen (103 chlamydospore g−1 soil) and high antagonist concentration (106 cfu ml−1) for both isolates. The disease incidence for control plants ranged from 19% to 76%. However, in relation to control the
lowest disease reduction occurred at low pathogen (103 chlamydospore g−1 soil) and high antagonist concentrations (106 cfu ml−1). These reductions were 10.6% and 13% for DAUFPE 14632 and DAUFPE 11470, respectively. The highest disease reductions, in
relation to control plants, occurred at high pathogen (106 chlamydospore g−1 soil) and antagonist (106 cfu ml−1) concentrations for both isolates. These values were 55% and 62.2% for DAUFPE 14632 and DAUFPE 11470, respectively. The chlamydospore
germination of Fusarium moniliforme was affected by glucose addition, antagonist isolates and type of inoculum. The lowest chlamydospore germination was observed
with bacterial suspensions of the isolates, for all glucose additions. The results suggested that both Streptomyces spp. isolates were effective at different doses as biocontrol agents against F. moniliforme. Also, there was evidence for at least two mechanisms of biocontrol and that apparently, both isolates showed the same mechanisms
of biocontrol action related to production of bioactive compounds and competition for carbon. Further studies will be developed
to improve the level and effectiveness of control by these isolates. 相似文献
13.
Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Aspects of the Interaction Between the Mycoparasite Pythium oligandrum and Soilborne Plant Pathogens 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT The interaction between the oomycete Pythium oligandrum and various soilborne oomycete and fungal plant pathogens (P. ultimum, P. aphanidermatum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, Verticillium albo-atrum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Phytophthora megasperma) was studied by light and electron microscopy in order to assess the relative contribution of mycoparasitism and antibiosis in the antagonistic process. Scanning electron microscope investigations of the interaction regions showed that structural alterations of all pathogenic fungi and oomycetes (except for Phytophthora megasperma) occurred soon after contact with the antagonist. Light and transmission electron microscope studies of the interaction region between the antagonist and P. ultimum revealed that intimate contact between both partners preceded a sequence of degradation events including aggregation of host cytoplasm and penetration of altered host hyphae. Localization of the host wall cellulose component showed that cellulose was altered at potential penetration sites. A similar scheme of events was observed during the interaction between P. oligandrum and F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, with the exception that complete loss of host protoplasm was associated with antagonist invasion. The interaction between P. oligandrum and R. solani resulted in an abnormal deposition of a wall-like material at potential penetration sites for the antagonist. However, the antagonist displayed the ability to circumvent this barrier and penetrate host hyphae by locally altering the chitin component of the host hyphal wall. Interestingly, antagonist cells also showed extensive alteration as evidenced by the frequent occurrence of empty hyphal shells. In the case of Phytophthora megasperma, hyphal interactions did not occur, but hyphae of the plant pathogen were damaged severely. At least two distinct mechanisms appear to be involved in the process of oomycete and fungal attack by P. oligandrum: (i) mycoparasitism, mediated by intimate hyphal interactions, and (ii) antibiosis, with alteration of the host hyphae prior to contact with the antagonist. However, the possibility that the antagonistic process may rely on the dual action of antibiotics and hydrolytic enzymes is discussed. 相似文献
14.
ABSTRACT Eighteen bacterial strains were individually assayed against Gibberella pulicaris (5 x 10(5) conidia per ml) by coinoculating antagonist and pathogen in wounds in cv. Russet Burbank potatoes. All antagonist concentrations (10(6), 10(7), and 10(8) CFU/ml) decreased disease (38 to 76% versus control, P < 0.05). When four strains were assayed at 11 concentrations (range 10(5) to 10(8) CFU/ml) against G. pulicaris, linear regression of the log-dose, log-response data was significant for all four strains (P < 0.001 to 0.01, R(2) = 0.50 to 0.74). Challenging G. pulicaris with all possible antagonist pairings within 2 sets of 10 antagonist strains (5 x 10(5) CFU of each strain per ml) resulted in 16 of 90 pairs controlling disease better than predicted based on averaging the performance of the individual strains making up the pair (P < 0.10). Successful pairs reduced disease by ~70% versus controls, a level of control comparable to that obtained with 100 times the inoculum dose of a single antagonist strain. Neither strain genus nor soil of origin were useful in predicting successful antagonist pairs. Factors potentially influencing dose-response relationships and the effectiveness of antagonist pairs in controlling disease are discussed. 相似文献
15.
C. M. E. GARRETT 《EPPO Bulletin》1987,17(2):263-268
Crown gall caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a problem in many European nurseries especially on stone fruits, apples and some herbaceous hosts (biovars 1 and 2) and on grapevines (biovar 3). Nursery infection can arise from land infested with the pathogen. Disease incidence can be reduced to some extent by cultural methods such as crop rotation, minimizing wounding and selection of less susceptible cultivars. The best control of infection is the use of a pre-planting dip in the antagonist A. radiobacter strain 84, which gives excellent control of strains of the pathogen harbouring the nopaline-type Ti plasmid. The antagonist is not yet cleared for use in all European countries. This biological control is sometimes ineffective because of the presence of mixed populations of sensitive and resistant strains of the pathogen, use of too low inoculum doses of the antagonist or because the host plant affects the antagonist action. All controls are preventive and not curative, so latent infections in layer or stool beds cannot be prevented from developing. Control of the strains of the pathogen insensitive to strain 84 may be possible in future by the use of other antagonistic organisms or by genetic manipulation of strain 84. Until such a new development becomes available, growers must make careful selection of propagating material to minimize the risk of spreading infection. 相似文献
16.
ABSTRACT The crown gall pathosystem was used to evaluate a model that describes the dose-response relationship between biological control agents and plant pathogens. The model predicts that this relationship can become asymptotic, such that increased antagonist doses cannot compensate for deficiencies in disease suppression. Wounded roots of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and cherry (Prunus mahaleb) plants were dipped into different concentrations of the biological control organism Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 prior to inoculation with the pathogen A. tumefaciens. Pathogen strains sensitive or resistant to the antibiotic agrocin 84 were used, and for tomato experiments, a derivative of A. radiobacter strain K84 that does not produce agrocin 84 also was included as an experimental treatment. As predicted by the dose-response model, the amount of disease suppression per unit of antagonist decreased with increasing antagonist dose and became asymptotic at high antagonist densities. Control of crown gall of tomato was nearly complete with the combination of A. radiobacter K84 and an agrocin 84-sensitive strain of A. tumefaciens. Pathogen resistance to agrocin 84 or lack of agrocin 84 production by A. radiobacter resulted in antagonist dose-crown gall incidence relationships that were apparently asymptotic at levels of control significantly less than 100%. For field-grown cherry, similar dose-response relationships were observed with higher asymptotic levels of disease suppression obtained when trees were inoculated with an agrocin 84-sensitive A. tumefaciens strain compared with an agrocin 84-resistant pathogen strain. The differences among bacterial strain combinations in the magnitude of the asymptote defined by the dose-response relationships suggest that A. radiobacter impacts a smaller proportion of the pathogen population when the activity of agrocin 84 is muted. 相似文献
17.
Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Investigations of the Antagonistic Effect of Verticillium lecanii on Cucumber Powdery Mildew 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT Chronological events of the intercellular interaction between Verticillium lecanii and cucumber powdery mildew, caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea, were investigated at different times after inoculation by transmission electron microscopy. V. lecanii hyphae colonized host structures by tight binding, apparently mediated by a thin mucilaginous matrix. As early as 24 h after application of the antagonist, increased vacuolation and disorganization of the cytoplasm of the pathogen hyphae were easily detected. By 36 h after treatment, plasmalemma retraction and local cytoplasm aggregation were typical features of damage. Labeling chitin with the wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)/ovomucoid-gold complex showed that intracellular invasion of S. fuliginea by V. lecanii did not cause extensive host cell wall alterations, except in the area of hyphal penetration. By 48 h after inoculation, further cytoplasm disorganization was observed, as evidenced by the loss of cell turgor and contortion of the cell wall. Such deformation suggests that penetration of the antagonist results from mechanical pressure or localized enzymatic hydrolysis through the action of chitinases, as confirmed by the pattern of labeling obtained with the WGA/ovomucoid-gold complex. By 72 h after contact between the fungi, S. fuliginea cells were markedly collapsed, depleted of their protoplasm due to extensive multiplication of the antagonist, and totally encircled by the antagonist. Based on the current observations, the antagonism of S. fuliginea by V. lecanii appears to involve the following events: (i) attachment of the antagonist to the powdery mildew fungus; (ii) mechanical pressure and production of cell-wall degrading enzymes such as chitinases; (iii) penetration and active growth of the antagonist inside the pathogen hyphae; and (iv) digestion of host tissues and release of the antagonist from dead cells of S. fuliginea. The interaction between V. lecanii and S. fuliginea also affected the morphological and structural features of the haustorial bodies, as shown by increased vacuolation, distortion, and necrotization of the haustorial lobes. These observations provide the first experimental evidence that V. lecanii, primarily known as an entomopathogenic fungus, also has the potential to colonize mycelial structures of S. fuliginea. V. lecanii, therefore, may become a valuable alternative to current management of cucumber powdery mildew in greenhouses. 相似文献
18.
Liesbet Poppe Sofie Vanhoutte Monica Höfte 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(9):963-973
Pantoea agglomerans CPA-2 is an effective antagonist against the postharvest pathogens Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum on citrus fruits but its mode of action is unknown. Possible mechanisms studied in this work were antibiosis, induced resistance, competition and production of chitinolytic enzymes. P. agglomerans CPA-2 was unable to produce antibiotics or chitinolytic enzymes under the conditions tested. Induction of resistance by P. agglomerans CPA-2 was studied in oranges by measuring phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase enzyme activity in the orange peel at different time points after inoculation with the antagonist and/or the pathogen. No significant augmentation of enzyme activity after inoculation of oranges with P. agglomerans CPA-2 in the presence or absence of the pathogen was observed. P. agglomerans was effective only when it is in close contact with the pathogens. Competition for nutrients was studied using tissue culture plates with cylinder inserts, which allowed competition for nutrients to be studied without competition for space since physical contact between pathogen and antagonist was avoided. The presence of P. agglomerans in the tissue culture wells clearly decreased the germination of Penicillium conidia present in the cylinder when diluted orange peel extract or diluted potato dextrose broth was the nutrient source. Germination of Penicillium conidia, however, was almost completely inhibited when pathogen and antagonist were in physical contact. These results indicate that competition for nutrients is one of the modes of action of P. agglomerans CPA-2, but that physical contact between pathogen and antagonist is important for effective control. 相似文献
19.
Microsphaeropsis sp. strain P130A was evaluated for the control of tuber-borne inoculum of Rhizoctonia solani based on the viability of sclerotia produced in vitro and on both the viability and production of tuber-borne sclerotia. The interactions between the antagonist and the pathogen, as well as the effect of the toxins produced by the antagonist on mycelial growth of R. solani were studied using transmission electron microscopy. On sclerotia produced in vitro, for all incubation periods (1 to 42 days), Microsphaeropsis sp. significantly reduced germination. Percent germination of sclerotia treated with Microsphaeropsis sp. decreased with increasing incubation period from an average of 82.0% after 1 day to stabilize at an average of 5.8% after 35 days. Similarly, percent germination of tuber-borne sclerotia was significantly lower when tubers were treated with Microsphaeropsis sp. Both 2% formaldehyde and Microsphaeropsis sp. treatments significantly reduced sclerotia germination to approximately 10% after 42 days of incubation at 4 degrees C. Furthermore, on tubers treated with the antagonist, the number of sclerotia per square centimeter decreased from 1.6 to 0.5 during the 8 months of storage at 4 degrees C, whereas an increase from 1.2 to 7.8 sclerotia per square centimeter was observed on untreated tubers. Microsphaeropsis sp. (strain P130A) colonized hyphae of R. solani within 4 days after contact on culture media. Transmission electron microscopic observations showed that the antagonist induced a rupture of the pathogen plasma membrane and that a chitin-enriched matrix was deposited at sites of potential antagonist penetration. Host penetration was not associated with pathogen cell wall alterations, which occurred at the time of progress of the antagonist in the pathogen cytoplasm. In the presence of a crude extract of Microsphaeropsis sp., cells of R. solani showed cytoplasm disorganization and breakdown of plasma membranes. Antibiosis and mycoparasitism were involved in the antagonism of R. solani by Microsphaeropsis sp., but the sequence by which these events occur, as well as the significance of wall appositions produced by R. solani, is yet to be established. 相似文献
20.
Characterizing the mechanism of biological control of postharvest diseases on fruits with a simple method to study competition for nutrients 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT Biocontrol agents may compete with pathogens for nutrients and space to delay or prevent decay of fruits after harvest. These mechanisms of biological control have been difficult to study because no method has been available to determine the significance of each of the components of competition. We developed a nondestructive method using tissue culture plates with cylinder inserts containing defusing membrane at one end to study competition for nutrients without competition for space. Other biocontrol mechanisms in which direct contact between an antagonist and a pathogen is not required also can be studied. The method was used to determine the competition between the yeastlike biocontrol agent, Aureobasidium pullulans, and Penicillium expansum for limited nutrients in apple juice during 24 h incubation, simulating a fruit wound. The antagonist depleted amino acids and inhibited germination of P. expansum conidia. Exposing these conidia to fresh apple juice increased conidial germination to the level comparable to that exhibited by conidia which were not exposed to the antagonist. Because the culture plate method was nondestructive, follow-up experiments in an agar diffusion test were conducted. Juice in which the antagonist grew did not inhibit germination of P. expansum conidia that were seeded on the plates. This corroborates findings from the culture plate method that inhibition of the conidia germination resulted from competition for nutrients. The new method can be coupled with existing techniques to improve understanding of antagonist-pathogen interaction for biological control of postharvest diseases. 相似文献