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1.
通过分析青南高寒草甸秃斑地（简称“黑土滩”）分布地域气温、降水等气候因子与牧草的关系和研究“黑土滩”形成的气象成因，发现干旱气候对青南牧区“黑土滩”的形成起了推波助澜的作用，并加剧了“超载过牧－草地退化－鼠害危害－草畜矛盾突出”的恶性循环，从而促进了“黑土滩”的形成。 相似文献
2.
针对青南地区低产草地的现状,找出了形成低产草地的原因:超载过牧,鼠虫害,人类破坏活动和温度升高、降水减少等因素.提出了治理低产草地的措施:控制人口增长,科学配置载畜量,加强草原"三害"灭治,治理"黑土滩",实施退牧还草工程;提高植被盖度和牧草产草量,解决畜草矛盾,改善生态环境,促进畜牧业经济发展. 相似文献
3.
"黑土滩"是全球草地生态系统退化行为在青藏高原三江源区的特殊表现形式,严重威胁着三江源区生态安全和草地畜牧业发展。该文在调研近10年290多个相关文献资料基础上,综合分析了近10年内黑土滩研究和治理工作的主要研究进展。并进一步讨论了一些新的观点,如"黑土滩二次发生"、"黑土滩的水热空洞效应"、"黑土滩人工草地暂稳态机制"等。作者建议针对黑土滩生态恢复,发展黑土滩治理的"分区-分类-分级-分段"的技术体系;研究更多植物物种组合(10种)的混合群落构建技术;研发启动和引导黑土滩人工草地自我恢复技术及近自然恢复模式;组织开展第二次"黑土滩"本底调查工作;完善低成本治理模式,推动三江源生态建设的可持续性。 相似文献
4.
采用样方调查方法研究了青藏高原江河源区"黑土滩"退化草地、高寒湿地及其二者交错区的植物群落结构及其多样性。结果表明,交错区植物群落多样性最高,"黑土滩"退化草地植物群落多样性明显高于高寒湿地植物群落多样性。高寒湿地植物群落中以莎草科植物占优势,"黑土滩"退化草地则以毒杂草占绝对优势,交错区可食性杂草类群较多。从3种植物类型区物种构成变化看,尽管3者互相毗邻,但是"黑土滩"可能是其他高寒植被类型退化演替而形成,不能证明"黑土滩"与其临近的高寒湿地存在群落发生学关系。以毒杂草构成为主的"黑土滩"次生植被则对其周边高寒湿地具有明显的侵入性和生态胁迫,因此必须加强对江河源区"黑土滩"退化草地的治理。 相似文献
5.
在青南果洛地区进行４年多的试验研究结果表明：①“黑土滩”的形成过程是高寒草甸草地生草层的秃斑化过程，秃斑化的起点是植被稀疏的过牧地段或鼠害土质疏松地段，生草层的秃斑化造成“黑土滩”植被的毒杂草化，极度秃斑化“黑土滩”的可食牧草和毒杂草比值仅为０．３３；②野生高山嵩草、矮嵩草、窄果嵩草和线叶嵩草的抽穗高峰期分别在６月下旬和７月上旬，种子成熟高峰期分别在８月下旬和９月上旬；③电镜扫描观察发现，线叶嵩草 相似文献
6.
三江源区位于青藏高原腹地,长期在气候变暖和超载放牧的双重压力下,草地大片退化,形成大面积"黑土滩"型退化草地,引起源区生态环境的恶化。本研究以三江源区"黑土滩"型退化草地的土壤、环境和种子库为研究对象,分析了三江源区"黑土滩"型退化草地自然恢复的瓶颈;采用以空间代替时间的群落研究方法,对在"黑土滩"型退化草地上建植多年的人工草地演替过程进行了跟踪研究。结果发现:在"黑土滩"型退化草地上建立多年生人工草地,能够改善土壤微环境,为地带性植被的入侵创造适宜条件,实行人工草地植被演替与地带性植被自然入侵的连接,可以大大缩短"黑土滩"型高寒退化草地地带性植被的恢复进程。本研究为"黑土滩"型退化草地的恢复,改善三江源区生态环境,提供可靠的理论依据与措施。 相似文献
7.
为了改善和治理青藏高原三江源区"黑土滩",本文利用生态位理论,以青藏高原三江源区"黑土滩"毒杂草次生植被形成三阶段群落特征为基础,分析了群落结构变化及毒杂草植被形成机理,提出了"剩余空间"概念。结果表明：随着"黑土滩"三阶段的演替,可食性牧草重要值降低。株型较小、对资源需求少的莎草科和禾本科物种与株型较大、对资源需求多的大型毒杂草相比,存活株数相对较多,生态位相对较宽。随着草地秃斑面积扩增,相似生活型的宽生态位物种会高度重叠,留出"剩余空间"。具有无性繁殖特征的多年生毒杂草会充分利用"剩余空间",加剧土壤养分分布的不均匀性,增大土壤的空间异质性,从而形成"水热空洞效应"。本文提出了草地恢复可利用毒杂草作为先锋植物占据"剩余空间",再通过人工干预,逐步改良"黑土滩"的治理思路。 相似文献
8.
前言我省青南地区分布有大面积“黑土滩”,它是在严酷的自然条件下,由错综复杂的自然和生物因素相互作用而导致的,诸如:因冻土及风蚀现象而造成的草皮脱落、植物死亡、砾石裸露的冻胀丘; 相似文献
9.
高寒草甸的优势植物是耐寒冷的中生型嵩草属植物,不利的环境因素及人为破坏导致了退化草地"黑土滩"的形成。随着草皮层被破坏的越来越严重,"黑土滩"不断恶化,最后演化成极度退化的草地。试验通过对玉树县、杂多县、囊谦县不同退化等级的"黑土滩"现状的调查,分析不同退化等级下植被群落结构的特征与演替特征,根据生物量的变化探讨不同退化草地的生产力,研究能够为维持并改进三 相似文献
10.
为深入研究人工草地方法在治理青藏高原"黑土滩"的作用,从植物群落物种组成角度分析了三江源区退化的人工草地分别与"黑土滩"退化草地和未退化的天然草地之间的接近程度。结果表明:退化人工草地、"黑土滩"和天然草地中,平均物种数分别是29,32和35种。退化人工草地中禾本科重要值占群落总量的21%,"黑土滩"中杂类草重要值占群落总量的88.2%,天然草地中禾本科和莎草科的重要值占群落总量的37.4%。草地群落的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson优势集中性指数和Pielou均匀度指数都是天然草地"黑土滩"退化人工草地。Sorensen指数和Jaccard指数表明退化人工草地和"黑土滩"群落的相似性最大,"黑土滩"和天然草地的次之,退化人工和天然草地的相似性最小。退化人工草地中毒杂草比例较"黑土滩"中少10%左右。表明人工草地措施在一定程度上促进了"黑土滩"退化草地植物群落的恢复性演替。 相似文献
11.
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection. 相似文献
13.
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario. Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously. 相似文献
15.
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
16.
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
17.
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
18.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated. Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively. 相似文献
19.
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
20.
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%). Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
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