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1.
Moldes AB Paradelo R Rubinos D Devesa-Rey R Cruz JM Barral MT 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(17):9443-9447
The utilization of biosurfactants for the bioremediation of contaminated soil is not yet well established, because of the high production cost of biosurfactants. Consequently, it is interesting to look for new biosurfactants that can be produced at a large scale, and it can be employed for the bioremediation of contaminated sites. In this work, biosurfactants from Lactobacillus pentosus growing in hemicellulosic sugars solutions, with a similar composition of sugars found in trimming vine shoot hydrolysates, were employed in the bioremediation of soil contaminated with octane. It was observed that the presence of biosurfactant from L. pentosus accelerated the biodegradation of octane in soil. After 15 days of treatment, biosurfactants from L. pentosus reduced the concentration of octane in the soil to 58.6 and 62.8%, for soil charged with 700 and 70,000 mg/kg of hydrocarbon, respectively, whereas after 30 days of treatment, 76% of octane in soil was biodegraded in both cases. In the absence of biosurfactant and after 15 days of incubation, only 1.2 and 24% of octane was biodegraded in soil charged with 700 and 70,000 mg/kg of octane, respectively. Thus, the use of biosurfactants from L. pentosus, as part of a well-designed bioremediation process, can provide mechanisms to mobilize the target contaminants from the soil surface to make them more available to the microbial population. 相似文献
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《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2017,28(8):2596-2607
Soil contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTEs), due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, is a serious environmental concern that has been threatening both the sustainability of various agroecosystems and human health. Efforts to investigate the bioavailability, transfer, and accumulation of PTEs in the soil–plant system and their possible health consequences have almost exclusively focused in the past studies. However, there is limited evidence for increased human exposure to PTEs through dietary intake of food crop grown on contaminated soil influenced by fresh biowaste amendments (FBAs). Here, we show that FBAs addition to soil markedly (p ≤ .01) intensified human exposure to PTEs through impacts on solubility, uptake, and bioaccumulation compared with the control. In general, the risk assessment performed indicated that the hazard index values for FBAs treatments were notably higher than that of control; however, these were shown to be less than the legal limit (<1). In addition, the lifetime risks of developing carcinogenicity from exposure to PTEs were far above the maximum regulatory limits (1.00E‐06), indicating that remarkable (p ≤ .01) amount of PTEs was transferred to food with the addition of FBAs. Conclusively, these results suggest that the use of FBAs to contaminated soil aggravates health risks of PTEs through wheat consumption. Further studies, which incorporate the in vitro gastrointestinal bioaccessibility, should be conducted to heighten our understanding about PTEs exposure and the risks associated with FBAs addition to contaminated soil. 相似文献
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Carmen Pérez-Sirvent Carmen Hernández-Pérez María José Martínez-Sánchez Mari Luz García-Lorenzo Jaume Bech 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(5):1384-1393
Purpose
This study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of using three aquatic macrophytes, Phragmites australis, Juncus effusus and Iris pseudacorus, to phytoextract potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from a contaminated area by mining activities.Materials and methods
An artificial pond was constructed with two topsoils (yellow and black samples) collected from Portman Bay. In order to simulate the mixing with carbonate materials, which naturally occurs in this area, a stabilisation approach was applied by mixing with 30 % of limestone filler. Three replicates of each type of soil have been prepared in pots for the selected species. The total PTEs content (arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, lead and zinc) was determined and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and transfer factor (TF) calculated.Results and discussion
Soil samples showed high PTEs content as a result of mining activities. As regards the root contents, the PTEs is higher in yellow samples (YS) than in black ones, because in these samples the PTEs content that could be mobilised is higher. The BCF results were higher than unity for arsenic, copper, lead and cadmium for I. pseudacorus and P. australis growing on YS soil. Overall, copper and manganese showed a larger number of plants with BCF higher than unity. The PTEs content in leaves is low, and the TF results are lower than unity in almost all samples.Conclusions
The results indicate that it is possible to use the selected species for phytostabilisation of soils contaminated with PTEs. J. effusus, P. australis and I. pseudacorus could be considered as tolerant, and natural or artificial wetlands containing these species could be used for remediation purposes.6.
植物–微生物联合修复镍污染土壤研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤健康是粮食安全的保障,人类活动给土壤造成的污染亟待治理。镍是人体必需微量元素,但过量的镍具有较大的毒性。目前我国土壤中镍污染比较严峻,应尽快响应《土壤污染防治行动计划》来改善土壤中镍污染状况。本文综述了植物–微生物联合修复技术的基本原理,微生物在镍污染土壤中对植物生长状况、有效态镍含量以及植物吸收镍的影响,对寻找合适的植物和微生物修复镍污染土壤具有重要意义;最后,提出将有机酸运用到植物–微生物联合修复镍污染土壤中、建立PGPB库和寻找我国超富集植物等下一步研究的重点。 相似文献
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随着人类活动对地球环境的影响日益显著,土壤污染问题已成为社会关注的焦点。我国土壤修复起步较晚,且修复技术仅局限于物理、化学等常规手段。随着国家对污染防治攻坚战的深入推进,修复领域亟需高效、低耗、环保的新技术出现,而生物修复可以一定程度弥补现有修复技术的缺陷。因此,通过与传统物理化学修复比较,探究了生物技术（如动物、植物、微生物技术）的优势、使用特点及适用范围,对国内外生物土壤修复技术进行了计量分析。文献调研结果显示:①土壤生物修复主要关注多环芳烃、重金属等污染物,并且微生物技术是研究热点,前期主要探究降解菌的分离鉴定,现阶段则集中于相关机理分析;②动物修复技术的主体模式生物单一,主要利用蚯蚓的生物性和非生物性特性进行修复,在土壤修复中应用较少;③植物修复技术因其多样的修复机理,广泛应用于重金属污染场地,同时可与微生物协同处理污染物;④微生物修复技术主体多样,修复污染物种类多,并且可与其他修复技术联合应用,在生物修复技术中研究最为广泛;⑤对国内土壤修复的发展方向进行展望,以期推动我国修复领域技术的快速发展。 相似文献
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生物质炭修复重金属及有机物污染土壤的研究进展 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
生物质炭是生物质原料在完全或部分缺氧条件下高温热解后的固体产物,它具有丰富的孔隙结构和较高的碳含量。该物质具有巨大的表面积和较强的阳离子交换能力等特殊性质,对受污染土壤中的重金属和有机物都具有很强的吸附能力,有效地降低这些污染物的生物有效性和在环境中的迁移,对改善土壤环境具有重大意义。近年来我国土壤污染严重,利用生物质炭修复受污染土壤的技术得到了广泛的关注。本文简述了生物质炭修复土壤污染的基本原理,探讨了与其他修复方法相比存在的优势,阐述了国内外近年来利用生物质炭修复污染土壤的研究进展,最后展望了今后需要进一步研究的领域。 相似文献
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Properties of an aged phenanthrene-contaminated soil and its response to bioremediation processes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Purpose
Persistent organic compounds exhibit declining extractability and bioavailability to microorganisms and other soil organisms with increasing contact time or ageing. Among the possible mechanisms are the association of organic compounds with natural organic matter. Ageing can reduce the negative effects that an organic pollutant may have on the biological, biochemical properties and phytotoxicity of the contaminated soil. The aim of the present work was to evaluate, under laboratory conditions, the response of an agricultural soil contaminated with phenanthrene (Phe) and subjected to 2-year ageing and the effects and potential remediation capabilities of compost and an effective Phe-degrading bacterial culture. 相似文献11.
Moldes AB Torrado AM Barral MT Domínguez JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(11):4481-4486
The cost of biosurfactant production may be significantly decreased by using inexpensive carbon substrates like agricultural residues. However, scarce information can be found in the literature about the utilization of lignocellulosic residues for obtaining biosurfactants. Usually agricultural residues are field burned, producing various toxic compounds to the atmosphere; so, as an interesting alternative to the traditional field burning of this kind of residue, this work proposes the utilization of agricultural wastes (barley bran, trimming vine shoots, corn cobs, and Eucalyptus globulus chips) for simultaneous lactic acid and biosurfactant production. Previous to this biotechnological process, lignocellulosic residues were hydrolyzed, using H2SO4, under selected conditions and neutralized with CaCO3. Following, Lactobacillus pentosus was employed for the fermentation of hemicellulosic hydrolyzates after nutrient supplementation. Biosurfactants were measured by taking into account the surface tension reduction. The highest value of reduction (21.3 units) was found when using hemicellulosic sugar hydrolyzates obtained from trimming vine shoots, corresponding to 0.71 g of biosurfactant per g of biomass and 25.6 g of lactic acid/L. On the contrary, barley bran husk hydrolyzates only produced 0.28 g of biosurfactant per g of biomass and 33.2 g of lactic acid/L. The differences between biosurfactant production can be attributed to the different compositions of the hydrolyzates. 相似文献
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在室内模拟实验条件下,重点研究了一步和二步生物淋滤过程中黑曲霉利用各种廉价碳源替代蔗糖产酸修复重金属污染土壤的效果。结果发现,杨树叶、桃树叶、土豆皮去除重金属效果较好。其中杨树叶对冶炼厂土壤中重金属去除率分别为Cu63．5％、Cd100％、Pb16．8％和Zn27％;桃树叶去除效果分别为Cu61．8％、Cd100％、Pb14．6％和Zn28．5％;土豆皮去除效果分别为Cu61％、Cd100％、Pb10．6％和Zn34％。廉价碳源的使用可降低污染土壤生物淋滤修复成本。 相似文献
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Background, Aim and Scope
Phytoremediation is a remediation method which uses plants to remove, contain or detoxify environmental contaminants. Phytoremediation
has successfully been applied for the removal of fresh hydrocarbon contamination, but removal of aged hydrocarbons has proven
more difficult. Biodegradation of hydrocarbons in the subsurface can be enhanced by the presence of plant roots, i.e. the
rhizosphere effect. Phytostabilization reduces heavy metal availability via immobilization in the rhizosphere. Soils contaminated
by both hydrocarbons and heavy metals are abundant and may be difficult to treat. Heavy metal toxicity can inhibit the activity
of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms and decrease the metabolic diversity of soil bacteria. In this experiment, weathered
hydrocarbon- and heavy metal- contaminated soil was treated using phytoremediation in a 39- month field study in attempts
to achieve both hydrocarbon removal and heavy metal stabilization.
Materials and Methods:
A combination of hydrocarbon degradation and heavy metal stabilization was evaluated in a field-scale phytoremediation study
of weathered contaminants. Soil had been contaminated over several years with hydrocarbons (11400±4300 mg kg dry soil)-1 and
heavy metals from bus maintenance activities and was geologically characterized as till. Concentrations of soil copper, lead
and zinc were 170±50 mgkg-1, 1100±1500 mg kg-1 and 390±340 mg kg-1, respectively. The effect of contaminants, plant species
and soil amendment (NPK fertilizer or biowaste compost) on metabolic activity of soil microbiota was determined. Phytostabilization
performance was investigated by analyses of metal concentrations in plants, soil and site leachate as well as acute toxicity
to Vibrio fischeri and Enchtraeus albidus.
Results:
Over 39 months hydrocarbon concentrations did not decrease significantly (P=0.05) in non-amended soil, although 30% of initial
hydrocarbon concentrations were removed by the last four months of study. In soil amended with NPK fertilizer and municipal
biowaste compost, 65 % and 60 % of hydrocarbons were removed, respectively. The soil contained metabolically diverse bacteria,
measured as carbon source utilization and extracellular enzymatic activities. Compost addition resulted in a slight increase
in enzymatic activities. Diesel fuel utilization potential in Biolog MT2 plates inoculated with a soil suspension was enhanced
by both compost and NPK compared to non-amended soil. Soil toxicity to V. fischeri and E. albidus was low. The leachate was
not toxic to V. fischeri. Pine (Pinus sylvestris), poplar (Populus deltoides x Wettsteinii), grasses and clover (Trifolium
repens) survived to varying degrees in the contaminated soil. All plants suffered from phytotoxicity symptoms and some trees
died during the study period. Plants formed a dense cover over the compost-amended soil, whereas non-amended soil had areas
devoid of vegetation throughout the study. Vegetation coverage in the NPK-amended quarter was about 50 % after the first four
months of study, but increased gradually to 100 %. Heavy metals did not accumulate in plant tissue.
Discussion:
Removal of hydrocarbons from weathered unfertilized hydrocarbon-contaminated soil was not statistically significant despite
the presence of a viable hydrocarbon-degrading microbial community. This effect is attributed to soil heterogeneity and low
bioavailability of hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon concentrations were not reduced to the desired level, i.e., 1500 mg hydrocarbons
(kg of dry soil)-1, in any treatment. . The presence of clay minerals and organic matter within the compost may have limited
heavy metal transfer to leachate and plant tissue.
Conclusions:
Weathered hydrocarbons were partly decomposed in soil fertilized with NPK fertilizer or biowaste compost, but not from unfertilized
soil. The active hydrocarbon-degrading microbiota and low toxicity of soil to V. fischeri and E. albidus indicates low availability
of contaminants to microorganisms. Despite high heavy metal concentrations, the soil contained metabolically diverse bacteria,
measured as carbon source utilization and extracellular enzymatic activities. Heavy metals did not accumulate in test plants.
Pine and poplar suffered from phytotoxicity symptoms in the soil and could not enhance hydrocarbon removal in compost-amended
soil. Compost addition combined with a grass and legume crop is suggested for stabilization of combined hydrocarbon- and metal-contaminated
soil.
Recommendations and Perspectives:
Both compost and NPK fertilizers can be used to enhance phytoremediation of soil contaminated with weathered hydrocarbons
in the presence of heavy metals; however, compost addition is recommended since it enables greater vegetative coverage. This
in turn may decrease heavy metal mobility.
Phytoremediation can be used for remediation of soil contaminated with weathered hydrocarbons in the presence of heavy metals.
However, phytoremediation of weathered contaminants requires extended periods of time; thus, other remediation methods should
be considered in the event of soil contamination posing an immediate public health and/or environmental threat. 相似文献
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为了研究联合修复技术在有机物污染场地中的筛选方法以及修复效果，以山西某搬迁遗留场地土壤修复工程为案例，本文提出了采用层次分析法（AHP）对常用的物理、化学、生物修复技术方法进行优选，最终确定“常温解吸+异位热脱附+填埋场覆土利用+水泥窑协同处置”的新联合修复模式，并且研究了该联合修复模式的处理效果及其对环境造成的影响。结果表明，AHP可用于有机污染场地修复最佳方案的筛选；采用该联合修复模式费用低、效果良好且未对周围环境造成影响。可见该联合修复模式能够有效地处理此类型场地污染土体。该修复模式的成功实施为类似污染场地土壤修复项目提供了借鉴和参考价值，并在一定程度上控制了土壤资源的流失。 相似文献
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聚氯乙烯行业将成为我国汞公约履约的最重要领域,相关产业生产、升级、腾退转型导致的汞污染地块潜在数量与风险巨大,需要提前开展相关修复技术储备和工程应用实践研究;通过调研总结我国聚氯乙烯行业产业特点、生产工艺导致的汞污染途径与风险特征,对国内外汞污染地块土壤修复常用的修复技术有固化稳定化、热脱附和土壤淋洗等;从污染源控制、污染扩散阻隔、污染土壤及地下水修复等多方面和技术特性、工程实施两个维度,选取修复技术指标,提出多层次构建修复技术筛选矩阵标准;以期为聚氯乙烯行业汞污染地块环境评估与修复提供技术参考。 相似文献
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随着工农业的发展,稻田土壤正面临严重的重金属污染问题,水稻作为南亚和东南亚的主要粮食作物,稻米安全问题显得尤为突出。镉和砷两者在生物地球化学循环上有明显差异,因此镉和砷复合污染水稻土的修复一直是一个棘手的问题。综述了镉砷复合污染水稻土原位钝化技术的研究现状,将钝化技术梳理为氧化还原型、微生物转化累积型、材料型和耦合钝化技术四类。氧化还原型钝化技术重点指出稻田水分调控驱动的氧化还原电位Eh和pH变化、不同元素的生物地球化学循环、有机质等对镉和砷的迁移转化机制;微生物转化累积型钝化技术重点阐明功能微生物对砷和镉的吸收、转化、区室化、菌表吸附等作用机制;材料型钝化技术重点分析现有钝化材料的分类及其与镉和砷的固定化机制;耦合型钝化技术重点总结上述三种技术综合体系下,镉和砷的协同钝化应用。同时对未来镉砷复合污染水稻土的原位钝化修复提出展望,进一步探讨了镉砷在稻田土壤生物地球化学循环过程涉及的新型机制研究方向、修复钝化技术的创新延展趋势;期望在稳产、增产的基础上,寻求一种深度融合现代农业生产模式、保障稻田安全利用的土壤钝化改良技术体系或模式。 相似文献
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生物炭修复重金属污染农田土壤的机制及应用研究进展 总被引：14，自引：8，他引：6
将生物质转化为生物炭并用于重金属污染农田土壤修复中,是有效利用生物质资源、保障粮食安全的有效途径之一。然而,生物炭的应用效率受其特性和土壤环境影响极大。该研究综述了生物炭特性,并探讨了生物质和热解温度对其影响规律,阐明了生物炭对重金属的直接固定作用,以及通过影响土壤p H值、阳离子交换量(Cation Exchange Capacity,CEC)、矿物组分和有机质等,进而间接固定重金属的作用机制。同时,该文系统总结了国内外生物炭在田间试验中的应用,从土壤重金属迁移性和生物有效性、作物累积重金属和作物产量等3个方面阐明了生物炭的应用效果和作用规律。针对田间试验条件区别于室内试验的特殊性,探讨了生物炭施撒方式及用量、施肥等田间管理和气候环境等现场条件对生物炭应用的影响,并对今后完善生物炭在土壤修复中作用机制、扩大研究尺度和长期土壤监测等方面研究进行了展望。 相似文献
18.
多环芳烃类有机污染物在土壤中可长期存在,进而通过食物链对人类健康产生重大潜在风险。对多环芳烃污染土壤进行植物修复是一种环境友好且经济有效的污染补救策略。进行植物根际效应机制研究对于开发可持续性多环芳烃污染土壤的植物修复技术具有重要指导意义。对近年来的相关研究工作进行了总结,结果表明:多种禾本科植物具有较强的多环芳烃污染耐受性和较好的修复效能,利用多植物混植的联合修复方式表现出优于单一植物的修复优势。低分子量有机酸类根系分泌物通过与土壤中多环芳烃污染物形成反馈回路决定植物修复体系中多环芳烃的命运。修复植物根系分泌物可塑造特定的根际微生物区系,根际微生物可通过多种机制来降解土壤环境中的多环芳烃。针对在植物修复多环芳烃污染土壤研究过程中尚存在一些问题,提出了未来植物修复根际效应机理研究中应该关注的重点和方向,旨在为优化多环芳烃污染土壤植物修复技术提供科学依据与理论参考。 相似文献
19.
SONG Yang WANG Fang F. O. KENGARA BIAN Yong-Rong YANG Xing-Lun LIU Cui-Ying JIANG Xin 《土壤圈》2011,21(4):423-431
Inoculating soil with an adapted microbial community is a more effective bioaugmentation approach than inoculation with pure strains in bioremediation.However,information on the potential of different inocula from sites with varying contamination levels and pollution histories in soil remediation is lacking.The objective of the study was to investigate the potential of adapted microorganisms in soil inocula,with different contamination levels and pollution histories,to degrade 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB).Three different soils from chlorobenzene-contaminated sites were inoculated into agricultural soils and soil suspension cultures spiked with 1,2,4-TCB.The results showed that 36.52% of the initially applied 1,2,4-TCB was present in the non-inoculated soil,whereas about 19.00% of 1,2,4-TCB was present in the agricultural soils inoculated with contaminated soils after 28 days of incubation.The soils inoculated with adapted microbial biomass (in the soil inocula) showed higher respiration and lower 1,2,4-TCB volatilization than the non-inoculated soils,suggesting the existence of 1,2,4-TCB adapted degraders in the contaminated soils used for inoculation.It was further confirmed in the contaminated soil suspension cultures that the concentration of inorganic chloride ions increased continuously over the entire experimental period.Higher contamination of the inocula led not only to higher degradation potential but also to higher residue formation.However,even inocula of low-level contamination were effective in enhancing the degradation of 1,2,4-TCB.Therefore,applying adapted microorganisms in the form of soil inocula,especially with lower contamination levels,could be an effective and environment-friendly strategy for soil remediation. 相似文献
20.
Enhanced bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soil by immobilized bacteria with plant residue and biochar as carriers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2