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1.
临床使用抗菌药物防治畜禽疾病时,可能产生多种药理效应,既能对防治疾病产生有利的治疗作用,也能产生其他与用药目的无关或对动物产生损害的不良反应.为此笔者就抗菌药物的种种不良反应谈谈个人认识,供同行参考. 相似文献
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1 兽医临床用药不规范、不合理的现象 1.1 应用药物种类过多或过杂 目前,在兽医临床和养殖场中合并应用多种药的方式日益普遍.合并用药的目的应该是提高疗效,扩大治疗范围或减少不良反应,然而合并用药不当,反而会使药效减弱、毒性增高或出现严重反应,甚至引起动物药源性死亡. 相似文献
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兽药残留,又称药物残留,是指给畜禽等动物使用药物后蓄积或贮存在动物细胞、组织和器官内以及可食性产品中的药物或化学物的原形、代谢产物和杂质。广义上的兽药残留除了由于防治疾病用药引起外,也可由于使用药物饲料添加剂、动物接触或吃人环境中的污染物如重金属、霉菌毒素。农药等引起。兽药残留超标不仅可以直接对人体产生急慢性毒性作用,引起细菌耐药性增强,还可以通过环境和食物链的作用间接对人体健康造成潜在危害, 相似文献
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华兆才 《兽药与饲料添加剂》2007,12(2):8-9
临床使用抗菌药物防治畜禽疾病时,既能产生治疗作用,也能产生与用药目的无关或对动物产生损害的不良反应。为此笔者就抗菌药物的种种不良反应谈谈个人看法,供同行参考。 相似文献
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大多数抗微生物药物或其代谢产物通过改变产生免疫应答的多个环节,有增强或减弱动物机体免疫功能的能力,进而产生对抗体有利或不利的影响。这种免疫调节作用为在兽医临床上选择和合理用药提供科学依据 相似文献
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大多数抗微生物药物或其代谢产物通过改变产生免疫应答的多个环节,有增强或减弱动物机体免疫功能的能力,进而产生对抗体有利或不利的影响。这种免疫调节作用为在兽医临床上选择和合理用药提供科学依据 相似文献
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临床使用抗菌药物防治畜禽疾病时,可能产生多种药理效应,既能对防治疾病产生有利的治疗作用,也能产生其他与用药目的无关或对动物产生损害的不良反应。为此笔者就抗菌药物的种种不良反应谈谈个人认识,供同行参考。 相似文献
10.
兽药残留(Veterinarydrugresidue),是指给畜禽使用药物后蓄积或贮存在动物细胞、组织和器官内以及可食性产品中的药物或化学物的原形、代谢产物和杂质。广义上的兽药残留除了由于防治疾病用药引起外,也可由于使用药物饲料添加剂、动物接触或吃入环境中的污染物如重金属、霉菌毒素、农药等引起。兽药残留超标不仅可以直接对人体产生急慢性毒性作用,引起细菌耐药性增加,还可以通过环境和食物链的作用间接对人体健康造成潜在危害,并影响我国养殖业的发展和走向国际市场。因此熏必须采取有效措施熏减少和控制药物的残留。1兽药残留形成的原因1.… 相似文献
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The ocular lesions of bovine malignant catarrhal fever were characterized in 15 naturally occurring and eight experimentally induced cases of the disease. Consistent findings included: lymphocytic vasculitis of retinal, scleral, posterior ciliary, and uveal vessels; uveitis, especially involving ciliary processes, ciliary body, and iris; and keratitis with corneal edema, neovascularization, and epithelial and endothelial degeneration. Lymphocytic ciliary neuritis and optic meningitis were found less frequently. Ultrastructural examination of the ciliary body and iris from one experimental calf confirmed that most infiltrating mononuclear cells were lymphocytes. The uveitis, vasculitis, and keratitis of malignant catarrhal fever were probably immune-mediated. 相似文献
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The causes of glaucoma in cats 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The cause of glaucoma in 131 enucleated eyes from 128 cats was determined in a retrospective histologic study. Obliteration of the ciliary cleft by diffuse iridal melanoma (38 eyes), or other neoplasms (14 eyes), or by the presence of idiopathic lymphocytic-plasmacytic anterior uveitis (53 eyes) were the most frequent lesions likely to explain the development of glaucoma. Secondary changes of inner retinal atrophy, optic disc cupping, scleral thinning with megaglobus, and atrophy of ciliary processes were similar to those described in dogs and human beings with chronic glaucoma. In light of the duration and severity of the glaucoma, the degree of inner retinal atrophy was often less than expected. Diffuse corneal edema and breaks in Descemet's membrane, changes typical of glaucoma in other species, were rarely detected. Eyes with chronic uveitis and glaucoma had collapsed ciliary clefts, iridoscleral adhesions, and posterior displacement of the iris. We were unable to determine whether these changes were consequences of the uveitis and thus responsible for the development of glaucoma, or if they were merely the result of the chronic glaucoma itself. 相似文献
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H Kuno T Usui R S Eydelloth E D Wolf 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1991,53(4):607-614
Eight hundred eight Sprague-Dawley rats were examined for ophthalmic abnormalities during a pretest period in various preclinical safety assessment studies. Persistent pupillary membrane, corneal crystal, healed minor trauma, synechia, coloboma of the iris, lens luxation, cataract, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, vitreous hemorrhage, coloboma of the optic disc or choroid, remnant of hyaloid arterial system, retinal hemorrhage, retinal detachment, retinal folding and choroidal defect were observed. The incidences of corneal crystal, synechia, and nuclear cataract in this survey were higher than those reported previously. On the other hand, retinal folding in this survey was less common than that reported previously. These results suggest that background data of eye problems in albino rats should be accumulated in each own laboratory colony. In addition, since spontaneous eye problems are common in young albino rats, elimination of rats with ophthalmic abnormalities from study groups by an ophthalmic examination during a pretest period would facilitate to evaluate toxicity potential of test compounds in safety assessment studies. 相似文献
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Carmen M. H. Colitz Jens‐Christian Rudnick Steffen Heegaard 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2014,17(4):294-299
A female South African fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) began having obvious clinical ophthalmologic problems by 8 weeks of age. The initial clinical sign was diffuse corneal edema, which progressed to bullae formation and ulcers; the underlying cause of corneal edema and bullous keratopathy was not identified antemortem. An ophthalmological evaluation was performed when the fur seal was approximately 6 months of age, but due to the diffuse corneal edema, intraocular structures could not be easily evaluated. An underlying infectious etiology was suspected; therefore, appropriate diagnostics were pursued, but did not identify a cause. Initial improvement was noted, but the fur seal then became blind and eventually became very painful. Due to decreased quality of life and aggressive behavior, the fur seal was euthanized. Histopathological diagnoses were persistent tunica vasculosa lentis and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous with bilateral hypermature resorbed cataracts and retinal detachments with rosette formation. 相似文献
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B W Johnson L C Helper M E Szajerski 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1988,193(7):829-830
A cat had sudden onset of unilateral corneal edema, fibrin in the anterior chamber, uveal inflammation, and retinal dysfunction. A dead dipteran fly larva was removed surgically from the anterior chamber and was identified as an early instar of a Cuterebra sp. 相似文献
16.
Qualitative tear film disease 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C P Moore 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1990,20(3):565-581
Abnormalities of the lipid and mucin components of the preocular tear film may result from diseases of the eyelid margins and conjunctiva. Chronic keratoconjunctivitis with epithelial edema and superficial corneal neovascularization, with or without ulceration, characterizes qualitative tear diseases. Tear components other than lipid and mucin that carry probable clinical significance include tear proteins, all-trans retinal, cholesterol, glucose, and electrolytes. Although less common than quantitative or aqueous deficiencies, qualitative abnormalities are recognized as primary or secondary causes of ocular surface disease in companion animals. 相似文献
17.
Equine glaucoma: a retrospective study of 13 cases presented at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine from 1992 to 1999 
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下载免费PDF全文 Cullen CL Grahn BH 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2000,41(6):470-480
The prevalence of equine glaucoma seen by the ophthalmology service at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine (WCVM) was 6.5%. The majority of cases (11/13) were associated with clinical manifestations of uveitis. Congenital glaucoma was documented in 1 case, and primary glaucoma was diagnosed in a 12-year-old quarter horse. There were no breed or sex predilections evident. Affected horses were middle-aged to old (average age = 9.5 years, ranging from 2 weeks to 23 years). The clinical manifestations of equine glaucoma included blindness, diffuse corneal edema, corneal vascularization, buphthalmia, corneal striae, recurrent secondary ulcerative keratitis, and less commonly, iris bombé, tapetal hyper-reflectivity, complete pupillary occlusion from posterior synechiae, and optic disc cupping. Elevated intraocular pressure confirmed the diagnosis (n = 10), while 3 cases were normotensive with signs of glaucoma including corneal striae and buphthalmia. Affected eyes were treated medically and/or surgically. Regardless of the therapy instituted, the visual outcome was poor. Most affected eyes were blind at presentation or became blind within a few weeks. 相似文献
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Corneal dystrophy in the dog and cat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Two types of epithelial dystrophy have been described in dogs, one each in the Boxer and Shetland Sheepdog breeds, both of which can be associated with corneal erosions. Medical therapy is recommended when erosions or tear film abnormalities are present. Stromal dystrophies documented in dogs appear to be a primary lipid deposition in various layers of the stroma, depending on the breed. Stromal dystrophies seldom lead to loss of vision, but vision loss has been observed in middle aged Airedale Terriers and aged Siberian Huskies. Treatment is usually unnecessary. The dog demonstrates two types of endothelial dystrophy, one of which (posterior polymorphous dystrophy in the American Cocker Spaniel) does not lead to corneal edema. Endothelial dystrophy observed in the Boston Terrier, Chihuahua, and other breeds is associated with progressive corneal edema, which can lead to bullous keratopathy and corneal erosions. Stromal and endothelial dystrophies, both of which are associated with rapid progression of corneal edema, occur rarely in the cat. Treatment of dystrophies with progressive corneal edema is symptomatic and palliative. 相似文献
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Christian K. Vorwerk ‡ Rita Naskar Frank Schuettauf David Zurakowski † Luann M. McDermott Kristine M. Quinto Evan B. Dreyer 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2001,4(3):201-204
Axonal trauma leads to a series of pathologic events that can culminate in neuronal death. Although the precise mechanisms of retinal ganglion cell death after optic nerve crush in the rat model have not been elucidated, glutamate antagonists can protect retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve axotomy. We therefore explored whether a glutamate congener was toxic if applied directly within the optic nerve, or if toxicity depended upon an interaction at the cell body level. NMDA reduced retinal ganglion cell survival when applied directly into the rat optic nerve. Glutamate can be toxic if administered within the optic nerve; a direct effect at the cell body is not necessary. Future work will help to additionally unravel the steps by which axotomy induces excitotoxic damage to ganglion cells, and perhaps indicate protective interventions. 相似文献