共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 375 毫秒
1.
气象条件对酿酒葡萄若干品质因子的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
根据2004-2005年北方6省酿酒葡萄主要产区葡萄取样和宁夏芦花台园艺场田间试验资料，分析了影响酿酒葡萄主要品质因子总糖、总酸、pH值和单宁积累的气象因子和影响时段，并建立了关系模式，提出了影响酿酒葡萄品质的定量气象指标。研究结果表明：酿酒葡萄品质与气象条件密切相关，主要影响因子是降水量、积温和气温日较差等。影响酿酒葡萄品质形成的关键时期是7-8月（幼果膨大-果实着色期），其次是果实着色期-成熟期。7—8月降水量和水热系数对酿酒葡萄总糖含量的影响最大，7-8〉130mm，K7-8〉1．62时，总糖含量不能达到170g／L（酿优质酒所需最低糖度）。酿酒葡萄总酸含量与果实采收前一个月水热系数呈幂指数关系，随水热系数增加，含酸量缓慢增加。因此，要使酿酒葡萄果实中酸含量达到5～6g／L，则果实采收前一个月的水热系数应在0．12～0．63。酿酒葡萄中单宁含量与开花-成熟期积温、8月平均气温、9月l日到果实采收期日较差和采收前一个月平均最低气温呈指数关系，与8月日照时数呈二次曲线关系。酿酒葡萄果实的pH值随开花-成熟期平均最高气温和果实膨大期蒸发量的增加而增加。 相似文献
2.
不同采收期对苹果常温贮藏品质和衰老的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
以通辽地区的‘塞外红’苹果为试材,研究了生长发育期在116~134 d内的3个采收期果实常温(20±1)℃贮藏品质和软化衰老的变化,以确定‘塞外红’苹果的最佳采收成熟度和适宜采收期。结果表明,随着采收期的推迟,果实硬度逐渐降低,可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量逐渐升高,种子颜色逐渐变褐到全褐。随着贮藏时间的延长,3个采收期果实的硬度、维生素C和可滴定酸含量均逐渐下降,从采收到贮藏结束,采期Ⅰ果实的硬度一直保持最高,采期Ⅱ保持了果实较高的维生素C和可滴定酸含量,采期Ⅲ果实的可溶性固形物含量SSC一直保持最高。结果还表明,采期Ⅰ的果实常温贮藏期间虽然具有较高的原果胶和纤维素含量,而且抑制了可溶性果胶的生成,推迟了果实多聚半乳糖醛酸酶PG活性和纤维素酶活性高峰,延缓了果实呼吸高峰和乙烯释放高峰的出现时间,但果实的外观色泽、口感和风味相对较差;采期Ⅲ的果实丙二醛和乙醇含量积累较多,果实衰老快。综合分析,采期Ⅱ的‘塞外红’苹果具有良好的内在品质、外观色泽和贮运性能。因此,建议通辽地区‘塞外红’苹果的采收期以9月5—10日为宜(可适当晚采1~2 d),采收成熟度参考标准为:果实生长发育天数123~128 d、果肉硬度11.0~11.5 kg/cm^2、SSC≥16.5%、种子的颜色3/4左右变褐、淀粉染色为4.5级左右。 相似文献
3.
喷钙对红地球葡萄果实钙、果胶含量和品质的影响 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
为明确适用于红地球葡萄的补钙钙源、 时期和部位,设计了在葡萄果实发育的不同时期（幼果膨大期和采收前2周）对不同部位（叶片和果实）分别喷施硝酸钙和糖醇钙的田间试验,分析了喷钙后果实钙、 果胶含量和果实品质的变化。结果表明, 外源喷钙显著提高了红地球葡萄叶柄和果实各部位的钙含量。从喷钙时期上看,幼果膨大期喷钙对果实各部位钙含量的提高明显大于采收前2周喷钙;从钙源种类上看,硝酸钙适合叶片喷施,糖醇钙适合果穗喷施;从喷钙部位看,叶片喷糖醇钙对提高果实采收期的叶柄钙含量效果最为明显,喷钙后,在果实各部位中,果皮钙含量增加最多,为对照的6.6~20.3倍。在幼果膨大期和采收前2周两个时期,果穗喷钙对果皮钙含量的影响均明显大于叶片喷钙,叶片喷钙则更有利于果籽中钙含量的提高。幼果膨大期果穗喷糖醇钙处理采收后的果肉钙含量最高,达到3.98 mg/g,DW,是对照的2.84倍。果肉钙含量与果肉原果胶含量、 总果胶含量以及果粒硬度均呈极显著正相关,说明通过喷钙来提高果肉钙含量有助于提高果实的贮运品质。 相似文献
4.
5.
中微量元素的缺乏是限制贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄品质的重要因素。通过大田试验研究了在常规施肥的基础上配施Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B、Mo、Mg、Ca等元素对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄赤珠霞(Cabernet Sauvignon)生长及品质的影响。结果表明:配施B元素显著提高葡萄百粒重,降低可滴定酸的含量;Fe和Mn元素显著降低葡萄百粒重、果粒粒径及可溶性固形物的含量;Cu和Zn元素显著降低可溶性糖的含量,Zn元素显著提高单宁和总花色苷的含量,配施Ca和Mg可提高葡萄产量、可溶性固形物含量和糖酸比。单独配施一种微量元素的效益是有限的,将8种微量元素混合施肥可较常规施肥的百粒重提高32.5 g,总产量提高43.8%,同时显著提高还原糖和可溶性糖含量,降低可滴定酸含量,并具有较高的单宁、总花色苷和总酚含量。因此,该地区多种微量元素综合配施在提高葡萄产量和品质方面显著优于配施单种微量元素肥料。 相似文献
6.
为了探讨1-MCP处理对不同采收期''维纳斯黄金''苹果的采后生理和贮藏品质的影响。研究了生长发育期为185 d（采收期Ⅰ）、192 d（采收期Ⅱ）、199 d（采收期Ⅲ）的3个采收期果实分别用浓度为0（CK）和1.0 μL/L 1-MCP处理后,在常温（20±0.5）℃条件下采后生理和贮藏品质变化规律。结果表明,晚采果实的呼吸高峰和乙烯高峰较早采果实高,出现时间较早,与CK相比,1-MCP处理能显著降低3个采收期果实的乙烯释放速率和呼吸强度,明显抑制或延缓呼吸高峰和乙烯跃变高峰的出现时间。1-MCP处理对采收期Ⅰ和采收期Ⅲ果实的淀粉含量、淀粉酶活性与CK差异均不显著（P>0.05）,但1-MCP处理能保持3个采收期果实较高的硬度和原果胶含量、明显延缓可溶性果胶含量和PG酶（多聚半乳糖醛酸酶,Polygalacturonase）活性的上升,显著（P0.05）抑制采收期Ⅱ果实贮藏13～25 d期间的淀粉酶活性上升,有效延缓淀粉转化。结果还表明,与采收期Ⅰ相比,采收期Ⅱ能维持''维纳斯黄金''苹果较好的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和维生素C等品质;与采收期Ⅲ相比,采收期Ⅱ能保持果实较高的硬度和可滴定酸含量、明显延缓果实软化衰老,延长货架期。综合分析：常温贮藏25 d期间,生长发育期为192 d采收的''维纳斯黄金''苹果结合1.0 μL/L 1-MCP处理贮藏保鲜效果最佳,研究结果为明确生产中''维纳斯黄金''苹果的最适采收期、维持果实采后品质和延缓果实软化衰老提供参考。 相似文献
7.
根据生产优质冰葡萄酒对原料冰葡萄的品质要求,针对其对采收期气温需-13～-8℃的气候条件,将日最低气温稳定通过-8℃初日作为冰葡萄适宜收获开始日期,利用辽宁省桓仁县1953-2010年逐日最低气温和相关气候资料,运用相关分析、模糊隶属度函数法和回归分析方法,建立日最低气温稳定通过-8℃初日模糊隶属度函数集和多元回归方程,以预测冰葡萄适宜收获开始日期.经历史资料回代验证,应用模糊隶属度函数集预报模型,其历史符合率为88％,应用多元回归方法预测模型,其历史回报正确率为86％.表明运用两种方法相结合预测冰葡萄适宜收获开始日期其准确性较高,可以指导冰葡萄的适期采收,研究结果可为冰葡萄采收和冰酒生产提供气象依据. 相似文献
8.
贺兰山东麓‘赤霞珠’品质形成气象条件与评级方法研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
葡萄品质很大程度上决定了葡萄酒品质,其与气象条件关系密切。在正常管理和农业技术水平下,衡量葡萄生长气象条件是否适宜品质形成的方法称为酿酒葡萄品质气象评价技术。研究酿酒葡萄品质形成的气象评级技术和气象指标,可为葡萄酒商业评级、年份酒鉴定和窖藏提供气候参考依据。利用贺兰山东麓2003—2011年多点采样化验的101份‘赤霞珠’总糖、总酸、糖酸比、pH和单宁资料,选取其中的51份进行相关普查,确定了有生物学意义的显著气象因子,以各因子的决定系数分别建立了5项品质指标的权重模型,通过单项品质指标对综合品质的贡献构建了综合品质气象评价模型。参照前人对葡萄酒品质、酿酒葡萄品质的研究和葡萄酒和葡萄品质标准,根据酿造葡萄酒所需的总糖、总酸、糖酸比、pH和单宁,确定‘赤霞珠’各项品质指标的阈值,利用模型反推出与葡萄酒品质相对应的气象因子阈值和‘赤霞珠’品质气象分类标准。回代检验显示5项品质指标均通过了0.001的R检验和F检验,与实测值接近且变化趋势一致。总糖、总酸、糖酸比和单宁的模拟效果较好,R≥0.59且RMSE较小,但pH误差相对较大。用50份未参与建模的样本估算了‘赤霞珠’品质等级。总糖、总酸与实测接近;个别样本的糖酸比、单宁误差相对较大,但变化趋势与实测一致;样本pH均在适宜范围内且较稳定。从综合评分和等级来看,28个样本与实况等级相同,18个样本误差在1级内,仅4个样本相差2级,准确反映出原料的质量。‘赤霞珠’品质气象评价指标和模型为评价贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄品质提供了一套可行的方法。 相似文献
9.
为明确叶城县6个核桃品种（温185、新新2、新丰、扎343、新光和温179）不同采收期果实品质和青果开裂率的变化规律,确定6种核桃在叶城县的适宜采收期,本试验测定了6种核桃样品的外观品质（三径、坚果单重、壳厚、出仁率、径仁率、含水率）和内在品质（脂肪、蛋白质、可溶性糖、维生素E和矿质元素含量）。结果表明,随着采收时间的推迟,6个核桃品种的坚果三径、单果重、出仁率、径仁率呈上升趋势,壳厚、含水率均呈下降趋势,内在品质整体呈上升趋势。温185在9月4日、新新2在9月24日、新丰和扎343在9月14日、新光和温179在9月19日采收的核桃坚果质量、脂肪、蛋白质含量等已基本定型,过早或过晚采收对核桃品质均有影响。相关性分析表明,青果开裂率越大,则果实越大、内在营养物质含量越高,果实青果开裂率可作为判断叶城县6个核桃进入适宜采收期的重要依据。综合上述评价结果表明,温185、新新2、新丰、新光和温179的青果开裂率达75%,扎343的青果开裂率达55%为适宜的采收期。本研究结果为叶城县6种核桃采收后深加工、贮藏以及进一步划分果实等级提供了理论依据。 相似文献
10.
为探明广西澳洲坚果主栽品种桂热1号(简称桂1)不同采收期果实品质和开口效果变化规律,确定开口带壳果加工的最适采收期,本试验以Ⅰ(8月20号)、Ⅱ(8月30号)、Ⅲ(9月9号)、Ⅳ(9月19号)4个采收期(正负误差1 d)的澳洲坚果果实为材料,测定开口合格率、离壳率、完整果仁率、脂肪含量、总糖含量、蛋白质含量、氨基酸含量,再对内含物指标及开口效果指标进行变异性分析、相关性分析、逐步回归分析、综合评价。结果表明,4个采收期澳洲坚果的开口合格率在98.57%以上,离壳果率在55.67%以上,完整果仁率在75.67%以上,蛋白质含量在8.52 g·100g-1以上,总糖含量在2.92 g·100g-1 以上,脂肪含量在76.23 g·100g-1以上,氨基酸比值系数分在72.14以上。尽管采收Ⅰ期澳州坚果的完整果仁率不如其他采收期,但其果实品质指标与其他采收期无显著差异,果实开口合格率、离壳率较其他采收期好,综合评价得分最高,因而认为在采收Ⅰ期采收桂1澳洲坚果果实最适于开口带壳果加工。本研究为确定澳洲坚果桂热1号果实最佳采收期提供了理论依据。 相似文献
11.
以山西吕梁山南部乡宁县为代表,基于乡宁站1972?2015年的气象观测资料、乡宁戎子酒庄有限公司2009?2015年的酿酒葡萄实验观测数据,运用数理统计和相关分析等方法,分析乡宁地区酿酒葡萄种植的光、热、水等气候条件,并通过葡萄生长季的温度、降水、日照、光热系数以及成熟期的水热系数等指标,评价乡宁地区酿酒葡萄种植的气候适宜性,揭示吕梁山南部地区发展酿酒葡萄生产的气候优势。结果表明：（1）乡宁地区年无霜期平均为202.8d,≥10℃积温平均为3498.0℃·d,最冷月低温均值?4.4℃,极端最低气温?21.6℃,气候条件十分优越,适宜酿酒葡萄种植。（2）20世纪90年代以前,葡萄生长季积温少,可种植中、早熟酿酒葡萄品种,随着气候变暖,90年代以后,积温大幅增加,满足了种植晚熟酿酒葡萄品种的热量条件。（3）葡萄生长季光、温、水资源及其在关键发育时段的分布特征总体有利于葡萄生长发育和优质品质的形成,但4月中旬葡萄萌芽期霜冻概率为22.7%,存在低温灾害风险,夏季无38℃以上高温天气,7、8月个别年份降水偏多,易出现连阴雨天气,对葡萄糖度造成一定影响。（4）相关分析表明,葡萄糖度与葡萄成熟期光、热因子呈正相关,与水分因子呈负相关,成熟期湿度对葡萄糖度影响极显著。葡萄成熟前一个月（9月）平均气温21.9℃,降水量74.4mm,日照时数6.7h,气温日较差为10.6℃,水热系数为1.5,温度条件优越、日照充足、早晚温差大、降水少,具有优质酿酒葡萄生长的气候环境。种植试验表明,乡宁县葡萄含糖量达到酿造高品质葡萄酒的标准,具有经济栽培的价值。 相似文献
12.
高能电子束辐照对巨峰葡萄保鲜效果的研究 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
用电子束400、700、1000、1500和2500Gy辐照及SO2处理巨峰葡萄后,置于温度-0.5℃～0.5℃、相对湿度85%～95%冷库中贮藏,研究不同处理对巨峰葡萄微生物杀灭效果及贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,电子束辐照能有效杀灭或抑制葡萄表面细菌、霉菌、酵母菌、大肠菌群的滋生繁殖,减轻葡萄贮藏过程中的腐烂现象。在剂量1000Gy以下,电子束辐照能有效抑制葡萄的呼吸强度,降低果实内有机酸、Vc等营养物质的消耗,维持较高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,达到保鲜的目的。其中700Gy处理组葡萄贮藏至98d时Vc含量为3.79mg/100g,可滴定酸及总糖含量分别保持在0.348%和11.44%,SOD活性高达14.89U/g,与对照相比差异显著(P0.05),且不存在SO2漂白斑,能够保持葡萄较新鲜的外观及营养品质。综合微生物控制及品质保鲜效果,以700Gy剂量辐照巨峰葡萄的保鲜效果最佳,贮藏至98d时,好果率达93.33%,显著高于其他处理组(P0.05)。 相似文献
13.
Yanbing Qi Qianru Qin Quan Sun 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2019,69(6):494-502
Four vineyards from the eastern foot of Helan Mountain within the same climate classification, where the planted grapes were 4-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon, were selected for investigating the difference in grape and wine properties. Results showed that the grapes of Lilan vineyard had a higher sugar content and sugar–acid ratio than Huida, Yuquan and Zhihuiyuanshi vineyards. The grapes of Zhihuiyuanshi vineyard had the highest tannin and total phenols content. Concerning the wines, the wine of Yuquan vineyard had low pH but had a great ageing potential, and wine of Zhihuiyuanshi vineyard had highest tone, chroma, tannins, total phenols and alcohol content than other vineyards. Soil pH was positively correlated with anthocyanins in the grapes and negatively correlated with total acid in wine. The microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was correlated with the anthocyanins in grape. Microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) was positively correlated with soluble solid in grapes, and positively correlated with tannin and total phenols in the wine. The MBC/MBN ratio was negatively correlated with tone in the wine. Our findings indicate that adjusting soil pH and choosing microbial fertiliser with high soil microbial carbon and nitrogen nutrients are effective ways to improve the quality of regional grapes and wine. 相似文献
14.
Rolle L Segade SR Torchio F Giacosa S Cagnasso E Marengo F Gerbi V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(16):8796-8805
Changes in the phenolic composition, phenol extractability indices, and mechanical properties occur in grape berries during the ripening process, but the heterogeneity of the grapes harvested at different ripening stages affects the reliability of the results obtained. In this work, these changes were studied in Nebbiolo grapes harvested during five consecutive weeks and then separated according to three density classes. The changes observed in chemical and mechanical parameters through the ripening process are more related to berry density than harvest date. Therefore, the winemaker has to select the flotation density according to the objective quality properties of the wine to be elaborated. On the other hand, the stiffer grapes were associated with a higher accumulation of proanthocyanidins. The harder grapes provided the higher concentration and extractability of flavanols reactive to vanillin, whereas the thicker ones facilitated the extraction of proanthocyanidins. 相似文献
15.
Jensen JS Demiray S Egebo M Meyer AS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(3):1105-1115
Knowledge about the relation between grape and wine phenolics is of key interest for the wine industry with respect to being able to predict wine quality from analyses of grapes. Prediction of the phenolic composition and color of experimentally produced red wines from the detailed phenolic composition of the corresponding grapes was investigated using a multivariate approach. Grape extracts and wines were produced from 55 different grape samples, covering 8 different Vitis vinifera cultivars: Alicante, Merlot, Syrah, Cinsault, Grenache, Carignan, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Mourvedre. The phenolic composition of the grapes and wines showed that the average ratios between wine and grape phenolics ranged from 0.25 to 7.9 for the different phenolic compounds. Most interestingly, the average ratios were low for anthocyanins (0.31) and tannins (0.32), intermediate for (+)-catechin (0.75) and polymeric pigments (0.98), and high for gallic acid (7.9). Individual wine phenolics in general correlated well with several grape phenolics, indicating that a multivariate approach might be advantageous for prediction of wine phenolics from grape phenolics analysis. However the use of multivariate prediction of individual wine phenolics from the complete grape phenolic composition only improved the prediction of wine polymeric pigments, whereas wine anthocyanins were predicted with the same precision as from the direct relation with grape anthocyanins. Prediction of color attributes of pH normalized experimental wines from the phenolic profiles of grapes was accomplished using a multivariate approach. The correlation between predicted and measured total wine color was high ( r = 0.958) but was very similar to the correlation coefficient obtained for the direct relation between grape anthocyanins and total wine color ( r = 0.961). Color due to copigmentation, color due to anthocyanins, and color intensity were also predicted well. 相似文献
16.
4PZ-1型自走式酿酒葡萄收获机的研制与试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对新疆人工采收酿酒葡萄劳动强度大、效率低下,缺乏适应新疆酿酒葡萄种植模式的收获装备问题,研制了一种自走式酿酒葡萄收获机。该机采用全液压驱动,主要由振摇分离机构、收集输送机构及自走式液压底盘三大部件组成,一次作业1行,可一次性完成对酿酒葡萄的分离、输送、除杂及收集作业。田间试验结果表明:在地形平坦,酿酒葡萄含糖量达到18%的情况下,该机以2 km/h的速度进行收获作业时可获得较佳采收效果,该速度下主要指标平均生产率为0.6 hm2/h,平均果实采净率为93.8%,平均果实破损率为9.3%。该研究可为推动中国酿酒葡萄收获机的国产化进程提供参考。 相似文献
17.
A Cáceres A Peña-Neira A Galvez E Obreque-Slier R López-Solís JM Canals 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(35):8694-8702
The phenolic composition of wine depends on, among other factors, the grapes used to make it. In this sense, knowledge of the chemical composition of grapes and its association with the resulting wines is an important tool to determine if there is a relationship between the phenolic composition of grapes and the price that these wines obtain in the market. For this purpose, grape skins and seeds from the cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon from the central region of Chile, in 2009 and 2010 vintages from two ripening points, were subjected to chemical and phenolic analyses, as were the wines made from these grapes. Grapes and the corresponding wines from three retail price wine categories, U.S. $6-8, U.S. $28-30, and U.S. $150-160, were evaluated. No differences were found across the price categories in the chemical analysis of grapes. Berry skins and wines from the higher price categories presented a higher concentration only of total tannins, and the differences in their concentrations were only among the different fractions of proanthocyanidins in the skins, seeds, and wines; there were no differences in their proportions. A seasonal effect influenced the concentrations of certain compounds in grapes and led to a decrease in the concentration of total phenols, total tannins, and total anthocyanins between sampling dates as harvesting moved toward the common commercial grape harvest in Chilean viticulture. 相似文献
18.
Segurel MA Razungles AJ Riou C Salles M Baumes RL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(23):7084-7093
The contribution of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) to the aroma of Syrah and Grenache Noir wines from the Rhone Valley of France was investigated by sensory analysis, and its levels in these wines were measured. The potential DMS in the corresponding grapes and wines, susceptible to release during wine aging, was evaluated. Free DMS and potential DMS assessed by a heat-alkaline treatment were measured in grape juices and wines by SPME-GC-MS using methods previously reported and slightly modified. A relationship between potential DMS from grapes and the total DMS levels in wine was demonstrated. Furthermore, a linear regression between the ratio of free DMS levels to these total DMS levels in wine and time of storage was found. Free and potential DMS levels in grapes and wines depended on grape variety, vintage, and vine location. DMS imparted a noticeable and complex contribution to the aroma of the wines investigated, depending on the mode of sensory perception used, either before or after glass swirling. It significantly enhanced the fruity notes of the wines, and additional truffle and black olive notes. 相似文献