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1奶牛常见普通病的防治 奶牛常见的普通病主要有:胎衣不下、不孕症、乳房炎、肢蹄病、产后瘫痪、酮病、瘤胃酸中毒、肥胖综合症、流产、难产、子宫脱、前胃疾病、真胃变位、创伤性网胃-心包炎、犊牛腹泻、脐带炎、血尿等. 相似文献
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为了解我国奶牛疾病治疗用药情况,我们通过现场与问卷结合的形式,在全国各个地区进行了相关调查.结果显示,各奶牛场均以消化道疾病、乳房炎、子宫疾病、卵巢疾病和肢蹄疾病为主要疾病.从单种疾病发生的频率看,乳房炎和子宫内膜炎发病率最高,前胃弛缓、肢蹄病、犊牛腹泻、卵巢疾病、胎衣不下、生产瘫痪、瘤胃积食、肺炎等为奶牛常发疾病. 相似文献
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正在奶牛养殖业,乳腺炎、蹄病、子宫内膜炎、产后代谢疾病这四大疾病可以说是造成养殖场经济上的主要损失,而其中的蹄病则和环境有密不可分的联系。近几年,有些奶牛饲养者由于对奶牛特点及习性缺乏解,在牛舍、运动场设计上都存在不少问题,不重视奶牛的舒适度和活动空间的卫生,奶牛的生存场所泥泞潮湿,环境恶劣,导致奶牛的蹄病发病率居高不下,成为奶牛被迫淘汰的主要疾病之一。1环境因素1.1目前,牛场大多数没有卧床,即便是少数牧场、养殖小区有卧床,由于设计上 相似文献
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奶牛产后瘫痪是高产奶牛群体围产期中最常见的营养代谢性疾病,可伴发或诱发难产、胎衣滞留、子宫内膜炎、真胃移位、乳房炎、酮病等多种围产期疾病。综述了奶牛产后瘫痪的发病原因、症状、诊疗方法及预防措施,以期为防治奶牛产后瘫痪提供参考。 相似文献
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奶牛的肢蹄是非常重要的支撑和运动器官,具有运动和支持体重的重要功能。健康的肢蹄是保证奶牛健康,实现奶牛高产、稳产,提高利用年限的有力保证。众所周知,奶牛肢蹄病是奶牛生产中仅次于乳房炎和子宫内膜炎的第三大疾病,严重影响着奶牛正常生产性能的发挥,对奶牛生产的危害越来越大。近年来,随着饲养方式的改变以及奶牛产奶量的不断提高,肢蹄病的发病率也随之呈上升趋势。 相似文献
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研究不同胎次、妊娠天数、围产时间、犊牛初生重及月份与奶牛产后疾病的相关性,为降低奶牛产后疾病发病率提供参考。本文调查了宁夏某场2 975头中国荷斯坦牛不同胎次、妊娠天数及月份等对奶牛产后疾病胎衣不下、乳房炎、子宫炎、蹄病及产后瘫痪的影响程度,并进行相关分析。研究结果表明,随着胎次的增加,奶牛胎衣不下、乳房炎、蹄病和产后瘫痪的发病率逐渐增加,但对子宫炎发病率的影响不明显,其中第6胎奶牛的产后发病率最高。5-7月份奶牛产后疾病的发病率最高。妊娠天数和奶牛进入围产圈时间的增加使得产后疾病的发病率降低。犊牛初生重的增加使得奶牛胎衣不下和产后瘫痪的发病率升高。患胎衣不下导致乳房炎和子宫炎发病率增加,患蹄病导致胎衣不下、乳房炎和子宫炎发病率增加,产后瘫痪导致胎衣不下、乳房炎发病率增加。不同胎次、妊娠天数、产犊月份、围产时间和犊牛初生重对奶牛产后胎衣不下、乳房炎、子宫炎、蹄病和产后瘫痪有一定的影响,且产后疾病间相互影响。 相似文献
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2018年10月～2022年7月期间,为掌握新疆生产建设兵团第八师石河子市规模化牛场奶牛常发高害疾病的发生情况,课题组对某大型国有公司所属的6个规模化奶牛场临床发病病种及发病情况进行了不间断的流行病学调查。共调查各生长阶段的奶牛9 541头,临床常发高害疾病主要有犊牛腹泻、犊牛支气管肺炎、蹄病、乳房炎、酮病、酸中毒、产科病（子宫内膜炎、胎衣不下、卵巢疾患）等,年总平均发病率为7.85%;其中：犊牛腹泻发病率最高,平均发病率为19.10%;其次是成母牛蹄病,平均发病率为15.05%;再次是酮病,平均发病率为5.76%;产科疾病发病率最低,平均发病率为2.11%。从营养平衡、气候环境和防治能力等方面探寻了致病的主要原因,以期为降低疾病造成的危害、助力石河子市奶牛业高质量发展提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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ZHAO Shanjiang HAO Haisheng LIU Yunxiang WANG Xianjun XU Li LI Laibao HU Zhihui ZHU Huabin 《中国畜牧兽医》2007,47(11):3618-3625
Under the modern large-scale and intensive dairy farming production mode,the continuous supply of feed with high nutrition level is the material basis for maintaining the rapid growth and development of reserve cows and the high lactation performance of lactating cows.However,after the genetic quality reaches the "bottleneck period",although the milk yield of dairy cow can continue to maintain a certain high level with the continuous improvement of the nutrient concentration of feed and the increase of dry matter intake (DMI),the incidence of nutritional metabolic diseases of high-yield dairy cows also shows a rapid growth trend,especially ketosis caused by the negative energy balance in perinatal period,acidosis caused by high-precision diet and the increase of blood urea nitrogen caused by high-protein diet,negatively regulate the reproductive performance of dairy cows,resulting in inconspicuous postpartum estrus,decreased mating rate and conception rate of dairy cows,which directly affect the update speed of dairy cows production groups,the normal performance of high-quality cattle and the economic benefits of dairy farming.In this paper,the author introduced in detail the relevant research on the current situation and its mechanism influence of different nutritional metabolic diseases on the reproductive performance of dairy cows in recent years,and focused on analyzing the molecular mechanism of nutritional and metabolic diseases with high perinatal incidence such as ketosis,low blood calcium and moderate gastric acid,and put forward the prospect and thinking on the future research direction of nutritional and metabolic diseases and reproductive performance of high-yielding dairy cows,in order to provide some reference and theoretical basis for improving the reproductive efficiency of high-yielding dairy cows in large-scale pastures in China and the perinatal nutrition management level of dairy cows. 相似文献
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现代规模化、集约化奶牛养殖生产模式下,不断供给高营养水平日粮是维持后备牛快速生长发育和泌乳母牛高泌乳性能的物质基础。然而,在遗传品质到达"瓶颈期"后,尽管随着日粮营养浓度的不断提高和干物质采食量（DMI）的增加,奶牛单产水平可以继续维持在一定的高水平状态,但是高产奶牛的营养代谢性疾病的发病率也呈现快速增长趋势,特别是围产期能量负平衡（negative energy balance,NEB）引起的酮病,高精日粮引发的酸中毒、高蛋白质日粮引起的血液中尿素氮升高等营养代谢性疾病,负调控奶牛繁殖性能,造成奶牛产后发情不明显,配种率和受胎率下降等,直接影响奶牛生产群的更新速度、优质牛群泌乳性能正常发挥以及奶牛养殖的经济效益。作者详细介绍了近年来国内外不同营养代谢性疾病对奶牛繁殖性能影响的相关研究资料,重点分析了酮病、低血钙、瘤胃酸中毒等围产期高发的营养代谢性疾病影响奶牛繁殖性能的分子机制,并对营养代谢性疾病与高产奶牛繁殖性能今后研究的方向提出了展望和思考,以期为提高中国规模化牧场高产奶牛群繁殖效率和母牛围产期营养管理水平提供一定的借鉴和理论依据。 相似文献
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酮症是高产奶牛在泌乳前期的常见病。根据有无临床症状将酮症分为临床酮症（clinical ketosis,CK）和亚临床酮症（subclinical ketosis,SCK）。酮症会导致奶牛血液或牛奶中酮体浓度增加,目前主要通过检测血液中β-羟丁酸（BHBA）浓度高低来对酮症进行诊断。CK对奶牛的影响比较明显,因此更能引起牧场主的关注。而奶牛患有SCK后不表现出临床症状,往往容易被牧场主忽视。SCK如同CK和奶牛围产期其他疾病一样是造成奶牛经济和福利损失的主要原因之一。SCK大大增加了奶牛产后相关疾病的风险,如CK、真胃移位、胎衣不下、乳房炎和子宫炎等,另外患有SCK的奶牛生产性能大幅度下降（泌乳性能降低、繁殖性能变差、淘汰率增加）,给牧场的发展带来了不可估量的损失。SCK可能在未被发现的时候就已经开始对生产性能产生影响,而且它对生产性能的影响与CK引起的影响相当,但是由于缺乏临床症状而不被牧场重视。作者在这篇综述中将着重介绍奶牛SCK的最新研究进展,这不仅有助于进一步了解奶牛酮症的发病机理及SCK对生产力的不利影响,并且可提供针对SCK的不同检测方法和可行的预测方法来帮助牧场进行早期诊断,减少因SCK造成的奶牛福利和经济损失。 相似文献
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腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶在奶牛疾病中的作用研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(6):6-13
随着奶牛养殖规模化、集约化程度的不断提高，奶牛养殖过程中乳腺炎、酮病和脂肪肝等疾病的发病率也逐年增加。腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMP-activated protein kinase，AMPK）作为一种能量感受器可以反映细胞能量状态。AMPK在葡萄糖、脂质和蛋白质代谢以及线粒体生物发生和自噬等过程中发挥重要调控作用。AMPK被认为是多种疾病潜在的干预或治疗靶点，在奶牛代谢性疾病中的研究也较为广泛。综述了AMPK在奶牛乳腺炎、酮病、脂肪肝中的调控作用研究进展，以期为这些疾病的靶向治疗提供参考。 相似文献
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Ian R. Dohoo S. Wayne Martin Alan H. Meek W.C.D. Sandals 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1983,1(4):321-334
A two-and-a-half-year study was undertaken in 32 commercial dairy herds within a 50-mile radius of Guelph, Ontario, in order to provide a comprehensive evaluation of relationships amongst diseases, production parameters and risk of removal in Holstein-Friesian cows. Diseases consisted of common clinical diseases as well as two subclinical diseases (mastitis and ketosis).
The data set consisted of a total of 2875 lactation records from 2008 cows. The means and standard deviations of some of the production parameters were: age 4.9 ± 2.5 year, breed class average for milk 140 ± 26 BCM units, milk production per day of life 18.0 ± 3.8 kg and days to conception 118 ± 60 days. Lactational incidence rates of the more common diseases were: reproductive tract infections 0.182, mastitis 0.168, cystic ovaries 0.104, subclinical ketosis 0.096, retained placenta 0.086 and ketosis 0.074. The average lactation mean log somatic cell count was 179 000 cells/ml. The times postpartum to the first diagnosis of all disease conditions are presented. 相似文献
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Data derived over four years from 434 dairy herds in 1998/99 to 244 in 2001/02 revealed average disposal rates of 22.6 per cent per year, half of which were for poor fertility, mastitis and lameness. The quartile of herds with the lowest disposal rates sold an average of 11.5 per cent annually and the quartile with the highest rates sold 35.5 per cent. Average annual disease rates over the four years were as follows: for assisted calving 7.8 per cent, for digestive disease 1.2 per cent, for ketosis 0.5 per cent, for hypomagnesaemia 0.5 per cent, for hypocalcaemia 5.0 per cent and for injuries 0.8 per cent. The incidence of mastitis increased from 36.0 to 43.3 per cent of cows per year. The incidence of lameness decreased from 23.3 per cent in 1998/99 to 20.7 per cent in 2000/01 but increased to 21.9 per cent in 2001/02. Data received from the same 219 farms during the first three years showed no effective differences from the full set of data for each of the three years. The lowest annual incidences of mastitis and lameness on individual farms were below 7 per cent and 2.5 per cent, respectively. In general, housing cows in cubicles was associated with a greater risk of lameness, and housing them in straw yards with a greater risk of mastitis. However, some of the lowest rates of lameness were recorded in cubicle-housed cows and some of the lowest rates of mastitis were recorded in cows housed in yards. Larger herds were not associated, in general, with higher rates of mastitis. 相似文献
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Inchaisri Chaidate Chanpongsang Somchai Noordhuizen Jos Hogeveen Henk 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(9):861-867
Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows occurs when ruminal pH is below about 5.5. However, the exact threshold level of ruminal pH affecting cow health is still in debate. This investigation was carried out in 505 cows within 31 farms. The postpartum disorders, including dystocia, retained placenta, anestrus, cystic ovary, metritis, clinical mastitis and lameness, were analyzed. Ruminal pH, serum beta‐hydroxy butyrate (SBHB), serum urea nitrogen and body condition score (BCS) were measured once during the 3 to 6 weeks postpartum, while BCS was determined once more at 1 week before calving. Ruminal pH was determinded by ruminocentesis technique. The ruminal pH was evaluated to study the association with BCS, SBHB and postpartum disorders using linear regression in a generalized linear mixed model with farm as a random effect. The results show that low ruminal pH was associated with dystocia, metritis and lameness. Moreover, a low ruminal pH can be found in cows with a high loss of BCS after calving and also in cows with low SBHB postpartum. These findings confirmed the feasibility of the ruminocentesis technique and the association of low ruminal pH on various postpartum disorders at the individual cow level. However, the consequences of low ruminal pH on dairy cow health still needs more exploration for a better understanding of the physiological mechanisms. 相似文献
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McLaren CJ Lissemore KD Duffield TF Leslie KE Kelton DF Grexton B 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2006,47(8):767-773
The objective of the current research was to examine the association of herd level disease incidence with the return over feed (ROF) (milk income minus feed cost) herd profit index offered through Canwest Dairy Herd Improvement. The lactational incidence risks (LIR) for displaced abomasum, retained placenta, clinical mastitis, milk fever, clinical ketosis, and lameness submitted by producers (n = 48) were similar to previous reports. However, there was no negative association of clinical disease LIR's with ROE Subclinical ketosis and subclinical mastitis cumulative incidence were determined during the early postpartum period by using a cow-side test for betahydroxybutyrate in milk and the California Mastitis Test, respectively. Subclinical mastitis was not associated with ROE However, a unit increase in the cumulative incidence of subclinical ketosis was associated with a decrease of dollars 0.015/cow/day in the ROE The results highlight the economic significance that subclinical ketosis may have in Ontario dairy herds. 相似文献
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Data derived from 340 dairy herds, mainly in southern England, between April 1998 and March 1999, showed that the average total culling rate was 22.1 per cent, with 5.6 per cent for infertility, 3.6 per cent for mastitis, 1.7 per cent for lameness, 2.0 per cent for poor milk yield, 3.7 per cent for age and 5.5 per cent for miscellaneous reasons which included death. The average annual rate of assisted calvings was 8.7 per cent, of injury 0.9 per cent, digestive disease 1.3 per cent ketosis 0.4 per cent, hypomagnesaemia 0.7 per cent, hypocalcaemia 5.3 per cent, mastitis 36.6 per cent, and lameness 23.7 per cent. There was a significant association (P<0.001) between higher rates of mastitis in cows housed in straw yards as opposed to cubicles and also between higher rates of lameness in cows housed in cubicles as opposed to yards (P<0.015). However, there were farms with low rates of mastitis in cows kept in straw yards and low rates of lameness in cows kept in cubicles. Larger herds tended to have more problems with lameness and higher bulk milk somatic cell counts (BMSCC). There was a positive association between BMSCC and mastitis rate. 相似文献