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In an effort to save regulatory resources, the US Environmental Protection Agency and individual states have interpreted the Clean Water Act in a manner that authorizes discharges from concentrated animal feeding operations without the review of nutrient management plans. Environmental groups have objected to the abbreviated regulatory procedures, and courts have ruled that permitting agencies must review substantive documentation of effluent limitations contained in nutrient management plans. Proposed new federal regulations prescribing the requirement of a meaningful review of appropriate documentation by the permitting agency respond to the judicial mandates. To facilitate regulatory approval, regulators might use a state certification program to achieve the obligatory meaningful review. Independent certifiers would ensure that an operation's land application of manure meets federal water quality requirements. 相似文献
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Potential of plant polyphenols to combat oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in farm animals 
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下载免费PDF全文 D. K. Gessner R. Ringseis K. Eder 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(4):605-628
Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites which have been shown to exert antioxidative and antiinflamma tory effects in cell culture, rodent and human studies. Based on the fact that conditions of oxidative stress and inflammation are highly relevant in farm animals, polyphenols are considered as promising feed additives in the nutrition of farm animals. However, in contrast to many studies existing with model animals and humans, potential antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects of polyphenols have been less investigated in farm animals so far. This review aims to give an overview about potential antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects in farm animals. The first part of the review highlights the occurrence and the consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation on animal health and performance. The second part of the review deals with bioavailability and metabolism of polyphenols in farm animals. The third and main part of the review presents an overview of the findings from studies which investigated the effects of polyphenols of various plant sources in pigs, poultry and cattle, with particular consideration of effects on the antioxidant system and inflammation. 相似文献
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M. E. Smart J. Gudmundson D. A. Christensen 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1981,22(12):372-376
This review discusses the biological role of copper, zinc and selenium in ruminant nutrition. Soil, climate, plant and animal interactions are discussed in relationship to trace mineral availability. A review of the clinical symptoms associated with copper, zinc and selenium deficiences are also presented. 相似文献
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牛支原体耐药性研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在对国内外牛支原体的耐药性研究进展做以综述的基础上,对近年来支原体的耐药机制进行了概述,以期为养牛业生产中牛支原体病的防治和耐药机制的研究提供参考. 相似文献
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Calfhood diseases have a major impact on the economic viability of cattle operations. This is the first in a three part review series on calf health from birth to weaning, focusing on preventive measures. The review considers both pre- and periparturient management factors influencing calf health, colostrum management in beef and dairy calves and further nutrition and weaning in dairy calves. 相似文献
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This article presents a history of curriculum revision. Internal and external factors prompting the initial curriculum review included the Pew Report, a vision in the college for reform, and faculty retreats focusing on curriculum. The reformed curriculum was designed around a "core plus elective" strategy and was implemented following development by faculty representatives and approval by college and university levels of review. The curriculum was reviewed after being revised and after new courses were first offered, with further review of a few courses with specific challenges. Outcomes assessment was performed and curricular adjustments made. Challenges that arose during the process included organizing and documenting content as well as communicating the content and philosophy of the new curriculum to the various affected constituencies. A summary of factors considered essential to the successful design, implementation, and review of the new curriculum is presented; the majority of these factors would be applicable to reforms at other institutions. 相似文献
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Extract When the suspected existence of this disease in New Zealand was first notified in 1955, the author prepared a review of all available literature (in the English language) at Wallaceville Animal Research Station, in order to help confirm the diagnosis of the disease. A summary of that review is presented here. 相似文献
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Lisa M. Tomkins Paul D. McGreevy Nick J. Branson 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2010,5(5):235-239
Over the past 2 decades, numerous studies have been undertaken to assess motor laterality in the domestic dog. In anticipation of growth in this area of enquiry, we decided to review the literature on canine motor biases to identify any shortcomings, reflect on the lessons to be learned from and offer ways forward for future research into canine laterality. The aim of this review is to (i) summarize motor laterality findings in the dog, (ii) highlight areas lacking in standardization, and (iii) propose necessary criteria for future tests and global reporting protocols. Our review of the literature highlighted the lack of standardization between studies in task selection, sample size, number of behavior scores recorded, and the methods by which motor laterality were classified and reported. This review illustrates the benefits of standardizing methods of motor laterality assessment so that comparisons can be made between the populations sampled. By adopting such an approach, researchers should mutually benefit as motor laterality data could then be compared and subjected to meta-analysis. 相似文献
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R. S. Cuming E. S. Groover A. A. Wooldridge F. J. Caldwell 《Equine Veterinary Education》2018,30(3):141-150
This article is the first in a three part review series examining glucocorticoid use in treatment of medical conditions and musculoskeletal disorders of the horse. This article provides a review of the structure and function of corticosteroids together with a summary of the available literature pertaining to the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and indications for use of, and adverse effects associated with, glucocorticoids currently available for use by equine veterinarians. 相似文献
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H. Hermans S. Veraa C. F. Wolschrijn J. P. A. M. van Loon 《Equine Veterinary Education》2019,31(8):432-440
Perineural nerve blocks are often used in equine practice, especially since the use of diagnostic and surgical procedures in the standing sedated horse have expanded over recent decades. The purpose of this review is to discuss the different perineural nerve blocks for the equine head. The review starts with the currently most used blind approaches as described in textbooks and scientific studies. In human medicine, the role of guided techniques, such as ultrasound guidance, advanced imaging guidance and nerve stimulator guided techniques, is very extensively described. These techniques are promising to use in equine medicine as well. The first studies that describe these techniques in equine cases are also discussed in this review, as well as the possibilities for neuromodulation in equine pain syndromes like equine trigeminus-mediated headshaking and the role of perineural nerve blocks in diagnosing this syndrome. 相似文献
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Equine immune mediated keratopathies are common in both Europe and the USA. This review article will compare the clinical differences in horses with this disease and also review the current theories on pathogenesis and treatment of equine IMMK. 相似文献
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J. Hedley M. L. Whitehead C. Munns S. Pellett T. Abou-Zahr D. Calvo Carrasco N. Wissink-Argilaga 《The Journal of small animal practice》2021,62(10):829-839
This review discusses the general principles underlying responsible antibiotic usage in reptiles. Very little evidence underlies antibiotic usage in reptiles, and there are no published guidelines for responsible antibiotic usage. A literature search was performed to review the evidence for bacterial involvement in the pathology of selected common diseases of reptiles, allowing the development of recommendations for responsible antibiotic treatment of those diseases. 相似文献
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Surgical skills are learned through deliberate practice, and veterinary educators are increasingly turning to models for teaching and assessing surgical skills. This review article sought to compile and review the literature specific to veterinary surgical skills models, and to discuss the themes of fidelity, educational outcomes, and validity evidence. Several literature searches using broad terms such as “veterinary surgery model,” “veterinary surgical model,” and “veterinary surgical simulator” were performed using PubMed, CAB abstracts, and Google scholar. All articles describing a model created and utilized for veterinary surgical training were included. Other review articles were used as a source for additional models. Commercially available models were found using review articles, internet browser searches, and communication with veterinary clinical skills educators. There has been an explosion of growth in the variety of small animal surgical task trainers published in the last several decades. These models teach orthopedic surgery, ligation and suturing, open celiotomy and abdominal surgery, sterilization surgeries, and minimally invasive surgeries. Some models were published with accompanying rubrics for learner assessment; these rubrics have been noted where present. Research in veterinary surgical models is expanding and becoming an area of focus for academic institutions. However, there is room for growth in the collection of validity evidence and in development of models for teaching large animal surgery, training surgical residents, and providing continuing education to practitioners. This review can assist with evaluation of current surgical models and trends, and provide a platform for additional studies and development of best practices. 相似文献
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Advances in immunoparasitology 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E J Soulsby 《Veterinary parasitology》1985,18(4):303-319
A selective review of the advances in immunoparasitology is presented. It is selective simply because it is not feasible to embrace the whole field of parasitology within the compass of a single review paper, for if it were attempted, it would suffer undue abbreviation. Emphasis is placed on the advances in helminthology and especially the gastro-intestinal parasites of ruminants, an obvious selection because of the interests of the author. Reviews are always somewhat retrospective in outlook; to write a review at the present time is especially foolhardy since developments in biology are such that totally new concepts can arise almost overnight, as it were. This is a particularly healthy state, and the discipline of parasitology is caught up in the application and interpretation of molecular biological considerations. "Parasitism" is a field of increasing importance and challenge. 相似文献