共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 36 毫秒
1.
Cohen ND Carey VJ Donahue JG Seahorn JL Brown SE Riddle TW 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(10):1792-1797
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the temporality of dates of breeding and abortion classified as mare reproductive loss syndrome (MRLS) among mares with abortions during early gestation. ANIMALS: 2,314 mares confirmed pregnant at approximately 28 days after breeding from 36 farms in central Kentucky, including 515 mares that had early-term abortions. PROCEDURE: Farm veterinarians and managers were interviewed to obtain data for each mare that was known to be pregnant to determine pregnancy status, breeding date, last date known to be pregnant, and date of abortion. RESULTS: Mares bred prior to April 1, 2001, appeared to be at greatest risk of early-term abortion, both among and within individual farms. Mares bred in mid-February appeared to be at greatest risk of abortion, with an estimated weekly incidence rate of abortion of 66% (95% CI, 52% to 80%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Mares in central Kentucky bred between mid-February and early March were observed to be at greatest risk of early-term abortion, and risk gradually decreased to a background incidence of abortion of approximately 11%. Mares bred after April 1, 2001, appeared to be at markedly less risk, indicating that exposure to the cause of MRLS likely occurred prior to this date. 相似文献
2.
L. H. de Aguiar V. C. L. Gomes L. J. Paul F. M. Andrews M. K. Chaffin J. L. Sones 《Equine Veterinary Education》2022,34(4):e157-e162
Although chronic renal disease is uncommon in horses, guidelines for management of the broodmare with kidney disease are needed to ensure successful foaling. Herein, we present a case report of a broodmare with chronic renal disease that produced a live foal, and parturition was predicted by monitoring pH and electrolytes in the milk. A 15-year-old pregnant mare presented with a history of poor body condition and weight loss despite an excellent appetite. At presentation, the mare was bright, alert and responsive, with severe pitting ventral oedema and vital parameters within normal limits. Plasma biochemistry revealed azotaemia, hypercalcaemia and hypophosphataemia. Based on clinical ultrasonographic and biochemical parameters, the mare was diagnosed with renal failure. Pregnancy was assessed by transabdominal ultrasound, and the fetal parameters were within normal limits; however, an increased combined thickness of the uterus and placenta and oedematous fetal membranes were found. Monitoring of mammary secretions accurately predicted the onset of foaling at 326 days of gestation. A healthy filly was delivered, and the fetal membranes were passed in a timely manner without complications. Physical examination and haematological parameters were within the normal limits for a neonate foal, except for a mild elevation in blood urea nitrogen. Two weeks later, the mare was subjected to euthanasia due to worsening of her condition. At necropsy and on histopathological examination, the findings were consistent with chronic renal disease. This case demonstrates that a pregnant horse with chronic renal disease can be managed with supportive care and produce a viable foal. Fetal well-being and mare’s prefoaling milk electrolytes were similar to parameters measured in healthy pregnant mares, suggesting that the feto-placental unit may be spared of the dam’s systemic disease. Prepartum physiological changes in the milk may be unaltered with concurrent maternal renal disease and still be useful for foaling prediction. 相似文献
3.
S M Barber 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1979,20(6):165-167
A case of uterine torsion in a mare with colic is described in which an early diagnosis was made and the torsion successfully reduced through a standing laparotomy with survival of both the mare and the foal. This case is used to stress the importance of thorough examination of all pregnant mares with colic in order to differentiate uterine torsion from other causes of abdominal pain, thereby avoiding delay in surgical correction and reducing the risk of fetal and/or maternal death. The advantages of the standing laparotomy are presented in support of this method of treatment of torsion of the gravid uterus. 相似文献
4.
S. M. Barber 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1979,20(6):165-166,167
A case of uterine torsion in a mare with colic is described in which an early diagnosis was made and the torsion successfully reduced through a standing laparotomy with survival of both the mare and the foal. This case is used to stress the importance of thorough examination of all pregnant mares with colic in order to differentiate uterine torsion from other causes of abdominal pain, thereby avoiding delay in surgical correction and reducing the risk of fetal and/or maternal death. The advantages of the standing laparotomy are presented in support of this method of treatment of torsion of the gravid uterus. 相似文献
5.
This report describes the successful management of a pregnant 14‐year‐old seven‐eighths Thoroughbred mare with an ovarian granulosa cell tumour. The mare initially presented with unilateral ovarian enlargement whilst being managed for artificial insemination, demonstrating normal ovarian function with ovulation from the contralateral ovary leading to conception. The mare subsequently re‐presented with stallion‐like behaviour at 3.5 months gestation and ovarian suppression was evident. The mare maintained her pregnancy and delivered a live colt foal at term. Ovariectomy was performed 3 months post foaling and the mare regained cyclic activity 9 months post surgery. The mare then conceived and became pregnant once more. The diagnostic and therapeutic challenges during pregnancy are discussed. 相似文献
6.
T. M. Beachler C. S. Bailey K. A. McKelvey J. L. Davis A. Edwards M. Diaw J. M. Vasgaard M. D. Whitacre 《Equine Veterinary Education》2016,28(7):359-363
Haemoperitoneum is a rarely reported but life‐threatening complication of a multitude of disease processes that can affect horses. This report describes an unusual case of haemoperitoneum in a pregnant mare attributed to a unilateral ovarian haematoma during early gestation. The mare was treated with supportive care and discharged 8 days after initial presentation. Following discharge, the mare maintained her pregnancy to term and delivered a live colt at 321 days of gestation. 相似文献
7.
Abortion and preterm birth of foals are major reasons for reproductive losses in the horse. Risk pregnancies require close supervision so that adequate treatment can be initiated in time. The aim of this study was to determine normal values in heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) of the pregnant mare compared to her foetus and to detect physiological changes during ongoing gestation. In mares, the RR interval decreased from 1480±29 ms on day 270 of pregnancy to 1190±58 ms on day 330 of pregnancy (p<0.05). In contrast, foetal RR interval increased during the same time period from 611±23 ms on day 270 of gestation to 756±25 ms on day 330 of gestation (p<0.05). Concomitantly, maternal HR increased and foetal HR decreased. No further changes in RR interval occurred during the last 10 days before foaling, neither in the mare nor the foetus. In the last hours preceding parturition, maternal RR interval was lower than at all times earlier in pregnancy (average of 1037±13 ms) but did not change during this time. Maternal HRV did not change during gestation. Marked changes in HRV occurred only during the last minutes of foaling. Then, all HRV variables increased significantly (standard deviation of beat-to-beat interval: p=0.01, root mean square of successive beat-to-beat differences: p<0.01). The cardiovascular system of pregnant mares adapted to the demands of ongoing pregnancy with an increase in HR. We have no evidence that in healthy mares, pregnancy is a major stressor. 相似文献
8.
Valerie S.M. Jonckheer-Sheehy Catherine J. Delesalle Antoon Jan M. van den Belt Robin van den Boom 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2012,7(6):380-385
Behavior problems in horses are often thought to be due to the horse’s bad attitude, which commonly results in them being punished. However, when these cases are carefully worked up, there may be an underlying physical problem, and pain may play an important role. A 5-year-old Dutch Warmblood mare was presented for rearing and flipping over backward. The mare had been repeatedly examined by an equine veterinarian and a nonveterinarian equine dentist who found no abnormalities. Several different bits were tried, and side reins were used to keep her head down. The mare was whipped every time she reared. None of these measures helped. On presentation to our equine teaching hospital, no abnormalities were detected on routine physical examination. The behavior was observed when the mare was lunged; as soon as a small amount of tension was put on the lunge rein, the mare shook her head horizontally for approximately 1-2 seconds, reared, and flipped over onto her back. Neurological examination revealed that the mare was slow to resume a normal stance when her hind legs were placed in an abnormal position. Dental examination and endoscopy of the upper airways proved unremarkable. Radiography of the atlanto-occipital joint area revealed fractures of the first and second cervical vertebrae and fracture fragments, which are both suggestive for the presence of cervical instability and the possible presence of spinal cord compression. These suggestions were further supported by identification of delayed postural reflexes during neurological examination. The mare was deemed unfit for dressage and was successfully kept for breeding. Horses are frequently punished for “bad behavior.” These behaviors are frequently due to underlying physical problems and not a “nasty” horse. This case highlights the importance of careful history taking and a thorough veterinary examination with the use of further diagnostics (if necessary) when dealing with equine behavior problems. 相似文献
9.
妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,ICP)是孕妇在妊娠晚期出现的以瘙痒和黄疸为特征的肝病,是一种高危产科疾病,严重影响胎儿的健康.为了更好地研究ICP的发病机制,本试验以妊娠母羊为动物模型,分别通过大剂量(2 mg/kg)和小剂量(1.1 mg/kg)的胆酸盐静脉灌注怀孕后期的母羊,同时进行胎儿血管造瘘手术,目的是研究ICP的发病模型和胆酸对胎儿和新生儿的影响机制.结果显示,给妊娠母羊大剂量多次静脉灌注胆酸盐,引起母体难产,导致胎儿宫内窘迫和死亡;小剂量灌注,导致胎儿的低出生重,但胎儿在出生后15 d时,羔羊的体质量与正常的羔羊没有差异,体现了追赶生长的特性.结果表明以妊娠母羊为动物模型,通过静脉灌注胆酸盐可以作为研究妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的疾病模型,为进一步探索ICP发病时胆酸对胎儿的影响机制提供实验依据. 相似文献
10.
The recent development of radioimmunoassay techniques to determine changes in blood hormone levels has increased our understanding of the endocrinology of the oestrous cycle and pregnancy in the mare. This review describes recent findings concerning the endocrine basis and treatment of some common types of infertility. Further evidence supporting the concept that prostaglandin F2∝ is the uterine luteolysin in the mare is discussed. Persistent corpus luteum is now recognized as an important cause of infertility, which may be treated by uterine distension or prostaglandin; recommendations for avoiding treatment failures are presented. The clinical significance of recent findings on the effectiveness of HCG in hastening ovulation, and on the increase in anti-HCG antibodies after repeated injections of this hormone are also discussed. Although antibiotics successfully control the specific pathogen causing contagious equine metritis, the treatment of common opportunistic organisms with antibiotics appears to give indifferent results. The increased understanding of the role of sex steroids in susceptibility to uterine infection seems likely to lead to improved methods of control. Although stimulation of folliculogenesis and ovulation in seasonally acyclic mares is possible using extracts of equine pituitary glands, this treatment is impractical on a clinical scale. Gonadotrophin-releasing-hormone provides a more physiological method of stimulation, and results of recent experiments using this hormone are reviewed. In the pregnant mare, recent studies have shown that the “pregnancy signal” to the mare may be the production of oestrogens from the developing blastocyst from Day 14. Measurement of PMSG as an aid to pregnancy diagnosis is evaluated, and the use of progesterone supplementation to prevent abortion is discussed. 相似文献
11.
This is the first report to document transplacental transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophillum in the horse. A 4-year-old late-term pregnant mare presented for a recent onset of pyrexia due to equine granulocytic anaplasmosis (EGA). She was hospitalised for treatment with oxytetracycline and monitoring of high-risk foaling due to significant thrombocytopenia. Parturition occurred overnight, and the foal was PCR positive for A. phagocytophilum at birth. The foal was slow to stand and nurse, with signs of neonatal encephalopathy and anaplasmosis (thrombocytopenia). Therapy with oxytetracycline resulted in complete clinical recovery of the mare and foal within 5 days. Congenital anaplasmosis should be considered in any foal delivered to a mare suffering from EGA during late-term pregnancy and guide appropriate antimicrobial therapy. 相似文献
12.
R D Shanks 《American journal of veterinary research》1990,51(5):800-802
Cattle heterozygous for deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase required more breeding services per calving when mated to other heterozygotes than did matings of normal cattle. Gestation length, number of breeding services per calving, and days from breeding to pregnancy examination were monitored on 759 complete gestations, 76 false-positive pregnancy diagnoses, 14 false-negative pregnancy diagnoses, and 413 negative pregnancy diagnoses in a dairy herd between 1983 and 1987. For complete gestations, 15 heterozygote x heterozygote matings required 3.13 +/- 0.37 breeding services per calving, which was significantly more than the 2.05 +/- 0.05 breeding services required for normal x normal matings; gestation length and days from breeding to pregnancy examination were similar between mating types. For false-positive pregnancy diagnoses, females diagnosed pregnant, but subsequently found not to be pregnant, 5 heterozygote x heterozygote matings averaged 51 +/- 23 days of gestation, which was less than the 93 +/- 6 days required for 71 normal matings; services and days from breeding to pregnancy examination were similar between mating types. All false-negative pregnancy diagnoses, females diagnosed not pregnant but later found to be pregnant, were made on cattle with normal matings. For negative pregnancy diagnoses, heterozygous matings averaged 0.3 more breeding services per examination than normal matings. 相似文献
13.
M. Pozor 《Equine Veterinary Education》2016,28(7):396-404
Any insufficiency of the equine placenta has dramatic effects on the developing equine fetus. Placental abnormalities, such as the separation of the chorioallantois from the maternal endometrium or torsion of the umbilical cord, lead to fetal demise, premature labour or abortion. These conditions are each associated with characteristic lesions on the equine placenta, which can be found during a detailed examination. These findings can be very helpful for diagnosing problems and implementing appropriate treatments for mares and affected newborn foals. Furthermore, the retention of the entire placenta or any small fragment thereof can cause metritis, laminitis and sepsis. The prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment of this condition is necessary to save the mare from becoming seriously ill. Therefore, a thorough evaluation of the equine placenta is a crucial element of the post partum evaluation of every brood mare. 相似文献
14.
Chaney KP Holcombe SJ LeBlanc MM Hauptman JG Embertson RM Mueller PO Beard WL 《Equine veterinary journal》2007,39(1):33-36
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Anecdotal speculation suggests that prognosis for survival of mares and foals following correction of uterine torsion has improved over the past 30 years. OBJECTIVES: To determine statistically the outcome of uterine torsion according to duration of clinical signs, stage of gestation, parity, physical examination findings, method of correction, prognosis for survival and reproductive health of the mare, and prospects for the foal within the neonatal period. METHODS: This retrospective study combined cases from 4 equine referral hospitals. RESULTS: The stage of gestation at which uterine torsion occurred was a risk factor for survival of mare and foal. Overall mare survival was 53/63 (84%); when uterine torsion occurred at < 320 days gestation, 36/37 (97%) of mares survived compared to 17/26 (65%) survival rate when uterine torsion occurred at > or = 320 days gestation. Overall foal survival was 54% (29/54). When uterine torsion occurred at < 320 days gestation, 21/29 (72%) foals survived compared to 8/25 (32%) when uterine torsion occurred at > or = 320 days gestation. Thirty mares were discharged from the hospital carrying a viable fetus following uterine torsion correction and 25/30 (83%) of these mares delivered live foals that survived beyond the neonatal period. CONCLUSIONS: Prognosis for survival for mares and foals following uterine torsion is good and improves if torsion occurs < 320 days compared to > or = 320 days gestation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Gestational timing of uterine torsion should be considered when advising clients about the prognosis for survival of the mare and foal. The prognosis for a mare delivering a live foal is good if the mare is discharged from the hospital following uterine torsion correction with a viable fetus. 相似文献
15.
Patrick M. McCue DVM 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1991,11(6):316-318
The ultimate goal of an owner of an older broodmare is the delivery of a healthy normal foal. Experience has shown that mares can continue to produce healthy foals well into their late teens and early 20's. However, owners must realize that the prognosis for fertility of an older mare decreases each year. Prior to investing time or money in breeding an older mare, it is recommended that a breeding soundness examination be done. If the prognosis for fertility is poor, the owner may choose to breed a different mare with a better prognosis for fertility. Early identification and correction of reproductive problems detected on the physical examination can also increase the prognosis for fertility in an older mare. 相似文献
16.
R. B. Sper M. D. Whitacre C. S. Bailey A. J. Schramme D. G. Orellana C. K. Ast J. M. Vasgaard 《Equine Veterinary Education》2012,24(2):55-59
In horses, twin pregnancy is pathological and represents a potentially life‐threatening condition to the mare and foal. Twinning occurs in approximately 2% of pregnancies. Of these, the majority of cases are dizygotic twins, resulting from 2 ovulations and monozygotic twins are rare. A 12‐year‐old Quarter Horse mare was presented for breeding management with shipped cooled semen and embryo transfer. Seven days post ovulation, a single late morula/early blastocyst was recovered and transferred immediately to a recipient mare. Thirty‐six days after transfer, transrectal ultrasound examination revealed the presence of 2 embryos. A transcutaneous reduction of one of the fetuses was performed successfully at 128 days of gestation. This report is the first to describe a successful reduction of monozygotic twins by transcutaneous ultrasound‐guided cardiac puncture. 相似文献
17.
Ryan PL Christiansen DL Hopper RM Walters FK Moulton K Curbelo J Greene JM Willard ST 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(5):1541-1551
Uterine and placental infections are the leading cause of abortion, stillbirth, and preterm delivery in the mare. Whereas uterine and placental infections in women have been studied extensively, a comprehensive examination of the pathogenic processes leading to this unsatisfactory pregnancy outcome in the mare has yet to be completed. Most information in the literature relating to late-term pregnancy loss in mares is based on retrospective studies of clinical cases submitted for necropsy. Here we report the development and application of a novel approach, whereby transgenically modified bacteria transformed with lux genes of Xenorhabdus luminescens or Photorhabdus luminescens origin and biophotonic imaging are utilized to better understand pathogen-induced preterm birth in late-term pregnant mares. This technology uses highly sensitive bioluminescence imaging camera systems to localize and monitor pathogen progression during tissue invasion by measuring the bioluminescent signatures emitted by the lux-modified pathogens. This method has an important advantage in that it allows for the potential tracking of pathogens in vivo in real time and over time, which was hitherto impossible. Although the application of this technology in domestic animals is in its infancy, investigators were successful in identifying the fetal lungs, sinuses, nares, urinary, and gastrointestinal systems as primary tissues for pathogen invasion after experimental infection of pregnant mares with lux-modified Escherichia coli. It is important that pathogens were not detected in other vital organs, such as the liver, brain, and cardiac system. Such precision in localizing sites of pathogen invasion provides potential application for this novel approach in the development of more targeted therapeutic interventions for pathogen-related diseases in the equine and other domestic species. 相似文献
18.
A L Allen H G Townsend C E Doige P B Fretz 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1996,37(6):349-358
A case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors for the congenital hypothyroidism and dysmaturity syndrome of foals. A questionnaire was used during personal interviews of foal owners and farm managers to collect information on animal signalment, farm environment, and mare management. Information on 39 foals with the congenital hypothyroidism and dysmaturity syndrome were compared with 39 control foals. Foals with the syndrome had a significantly (P < 0.0001) longer gestation (357.6 d) than control foals (338.9 d). Pregnant mares that were fed greenfeed, did not receive any supplemental mineral, left their "home farm" during gestation, or grazed irrigated pasture had 13.1 (P = 0.0068), 5.6 (P = 0.0472), 4.3 (P = 0.0076), and approximately 15.3 (P = 0.0245), respectively, greater odds of producing an affected foal than mares not experiencing these events. Greenfeed often contains high levels of nitrate (NO3-), which is known to impair thyroid gland function. In light of this, forage samples from participating farms were analyzed for nitrate levels. The odds of one or more congenitally hypothyroid and dysmature foals being born on a farm feeding forage with at least a trace of nitrate was 8.0 times greater (P = 0.0873) than the odds of the disease occurring on a farm that fed forage free of nitrate. Further, the odds of a mare producing an affected foal when fed forage containing at least a trace of nitrate were 5.9 times greater (P = 0.0007) than those of a mare fed nitrate free forage. This study suggests that congenital hypothyroidism and dysmaturity syndrome in foals may be the result of diets that contain nitrate or that are low in iodine being fed to pregnant mares. 相似文献
19.
L H Kasman J P Hughes G H Stabenfeldt M D Starr B L Lasley 《American journal of veterinary research》1988,49(2):184-187
Serum and urinary estrone sulfate concentrations were determined in 7 pregnant mares before and after prostaglandin-induced abortion (n = 4) or surgical removal of the fetus (n = 3) to determine the source of estrogen during early pregnancy (gestation days [GD] 44 to 89). Estrone sulfate concentrations also were determined in serum samples (stored frozen for 2 years) from 3 mares that had been ovariectomized between GD 51 and 58. Estrone sulfate concentrations decreased in serum and urine after expulsion or removal of the fetus (urinary patterns were more definitive than were patterns for serum), whereas a transient decrease in serum estrone sulfate concentration was observed after ovariectomy. Seemingly, products of conception are the major source of estrone sulfate during early pregnancy, although there appears to be some ovarian contribution. Serum or urinary estrone sulfate measurements provide a simple and accurate test for fetal viability after GD 44 in the mare. 相似文献
20.
This report describes the successful treatment of immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia (IMTP) with azathioprine in a pregnant mare that had been refractory to therapy with dexamethasone. The interesting features of this case included the presence of dermatitis, a clinical presentation not previously associated with IMTP in the equine literature and the maintenance of pregnancy and delivery of a healthy normal foal despite immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine during critical stages of early gestation. 相似文献