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1.
Application of natural plant extracts improves the tolerance against combined terminal heat and drought stresses in bread wheat 下载免费PDF全文
M. Farooq M. Rizwan A. Nawaz A. Rehman R. Ahmad 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(6):528-538
Drought and heat are among the main abiotic stresses causing severe damage to the cereal productivity when occur at reproductive stages. In this study, ten wheat cultivars were screened for combined heat and drought tolerance imposed at booting, heading, anthesis and post‐anthesis stages, and role of the foliage applied plant extracts was evaluated in improving the performance of differentially responding wheat cultivars under terminal heat and drought stresses. During both years, wheat crop was raised under ambient temperature and 70% water holding capacity (WHC) till leaf boot stage. The plant extracts (3% each) of sorghum, brassica, sunflower and moringa were foliage applied at booting, anthesis and post‐anthesis stage; and after one week of application of these plant extracts, combined heat and drought was imposed at each respective stage. Heat and drought stresses were imposed at each respective stage by placing pots in glass canopies with temperature of 4 ± 2°C above than the ambient temperature in combination with drought stress (35% WHC) until maturity. Combination of drought and heat stresses significantly reduced the performance of tested wheat cultivars; however, stress at the booting and heading stages was more damaging than the anthesis and post‐anthesis stages. Cultivars Mairaj‐2008 and Chakwal‐50 remained green with extended duration for grain filling, resulting in the maintenance of number of grains per spike and 100‐grain weight under stress conditions and thus had better grain yield and water‐use efficiency. However, in cultivars Fsd‐2008, and Shafaq‐2006, the combined imposition of drought and heat accelerated the grain filling rate with decrease in grain filling duration, grain weight and grain yield. Foliar application of all the plant extracts improved the wheat performance under terminal heat and drought stress; however, brassica extract was the most effective. This improvement in grain yield, water‐use efficiency and transpiration efficiency due to foliage applied plant extracts, under terminal heat and drought stress, was owing to better stay‐green character and accumulation of more soluble phenolics, which imparted stress tolerance as indicated by relatively stable grain weight and grain number. In crux, growing of stay‐green wheat cultivars with better grain filling and foliage application of plant extracts may help improving the performance of bread wheat under combined heat and drought stresses. 相似文献
2.
Traits in Spring Wheat Cultivars Associated with Yield Loss Caused by a Heat Stress Episode after Anthesis 下载免费PDF全文
M. Vignjevic X. Wang J. E. Olesen B. Wollenweber 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2015,201(1):32-48
Heat stress resulting from climate change and more frequent weather extremes is expected to negatively affect wheat yield. We evaluated the response of different spring wheat cultivars to a post‐anthesis high temperature episode and studied the relationship between different traits associated with heat tolerance. Fifteen spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were grown in pots under semifield conditions, and heat stress (35/26 °C) and control treatments (20/12 °C) were applied in growth chambers for 5 days starting 14 days after flowering. The heat stress treatment reduced final yield in all cultivars. Significant variation was observed among cultivars in the reduction in average grain weight and grain dry matter yield under heat stress (up to 36 % and 45 %, respectively). The duration of the grain‐filling period was reduced by 3–12 days by the heat treatment. The reduction in the grain‐filling period was negatively correlated with grain nitrogen yield (r = ?0.60). A positive correlation (r = 0.73) was found between the treatment effect on green leaf area (GLA) and the reduction in yield resulting from heat stress. The amount of stem water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) was not related to treatment effects on grain yield or grain weight. However, the treatment effect on stem WSC remobilization was negatively correlated with reduction in grain‐filling duration due to heat stress (r = ?0.74) and positively with treatment effect on grain N yield (r = 0.52). The results suggest that the effect of the heat treatment on GLA was the trait most associated with yield reduction in all cultivars. These findings suggest the importance of ‘stay green’‐associated traits in plant breeding as well as the need for better modelling of GLA in crop models, especially with respect to brief heat episodes during grain filling. There is in particular a need to model how heat and other stresses, including interacting effects of heat and drought, affect duration of GLA after flowering and how this affects source–sink relations during grain filling. 相似文献
3.
Drought Priming at Vegetative Growth Stage Enhances Nitrogen‐Use Efficiency Under Post‐Anthesis Drought and Heat Stress in Wheat 下载免费PDF全文
S. Liu X. Li D. H. Larsen X. Zhu F. Song F. Liu 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(1):29-40
To study the effects of early drought priming at 5th‐leaf stage on grain yield and nitrogen‐use efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress, wheat plants were first exposed to moderate drought stress (drought priming; that is, the leaf water potential reached ca. ?0.9 MP a) at the 5th‐leaf stage for 11 days, and leaf water relations and gas exchange rates, grain yield and yield components, and agronomic nitrogen‐use efficiency (ANUE ) of the primed and non‐primed plants under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress were investigated. Compared with the non‐primed plants, the drought‐primed plants possessed higher leaf water potential and chlorophyll content, and consequently a higher photosynthetic rate during post‐anthesis drought and heat stress. Drought priming also resulted in higher grain yield and ANUE in wheat under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress. Drought priming at vegetative stage improves carbon assimilation and ANUE under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress and their combination in wheat, which might be used as a field management tool to enhance stress tolerance of wheat crops to multiple abiotic stresses in a future drier and warmer climate. 相似文献
4.
Evaluating physiological traits to complement empirical selection for wheat in warm environments 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
M.P. Reynolds R.P. Singh A. Ibrahim O.A.A. Ageeb A. Larqué-Saavedra J.S. Quick 《Euphytica》1998,100(1-3):85-94
The response of spring wheat to heat stress has been determined in several hot wheat growing environments worldwide on different
types of germplasm. Physiological data has been collected to identify potential traits to assist in the empirical breeding
for heat tolerance. Initial studies focused on 10 established varieties to determine genetic diversity for heat tolerance,
identify association between heat tolerance and traits measured, and evaluate genotype by environment interaction (G x E).
Yields from over 40 hot environments were analysed for G x E, and relative humidity (RH) was identified as the major factor
determining relative genotype ranking. Further analysis focused on 16 environments: those with low RH and relatively high
yields, i.e., over 2.5 t ha-1. For these environments, mean yield of lines correlated with a number of physiological traits measured in Mexico, including
canopy temperature depression (CTD), membrane thermostability, leaf conductance and photosynthetic rate at heading, chlorophyll
content during grainfilling, leaf internal CO2 concentration, and dark respiration. Morphological traits were measured in all environments and the following showed associations
with yield: above ground biomass at maturity, days from emergence to anthesis and to maturity, grain number m-2, and ground cover estimated visually after heading. Subsequent studies focused on breeding material, namely recombinant inbred
lines derived from crosses between parents of contrasting heat tolerance, and 60 advanced breeding lines selected for performance
under heat stress. The genetic basis for association between heat tolerance and CTD was established by demonstrating a correlation
between the two traits in RILs (recombinant inbred lines). Data from RILs, as well as from the 60 advanced lines grown at
several international locations, indicated CTD to be a powerful and robust selection criterion for heat tolerance.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Xiangnan Li Karina Kristiansen Eva Rosenqvist Fulai Liu 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2019,205(4):362-371
To investigate the interactive effects of drought, heat and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on plant water relations and grain yield in wheat, two wheat cultivars with different drought tolerance (Gladius and Paragon) were grown under ambient and elevated [CO2], and were exposed to post‐anthesis drought and heat stress. The stomatal conductance, plant water relation parameters, abscisic acid concentration in leaf and spike, and grain yield components were examined. Both stress treatments and elevated [CO2] reduced the stomatal conductance, which resulted in lower leaf relative water content and leaf water potential. Drought induced a significant increase in leaf and spike abscisic acid concentrations, while elevated [CO2] showed no effect. At maturity, post‐anthesis drought and heat stress significantly decreased the grain yield by 21.3%–65.2%, while elevated [CO2] increased the grain yield by 20.8% in wheat, which was due to the changes of grain number per spike and thousand grain weight. This study suggested that the responses of plant water status and grain yield to extreme climatic events (heat and drought) can be influenced by the atmospheric CO2 concentration. 相似文献
6.
Remobilization of Nitrogen and Carbohydrate from Stems of Bread Wheat in Response to Heat Stress during Grain Filling 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
When wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown under heat-stress conditions during grain filling, preanthesis stored total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) and nitrogen (N) could serve as alternative source of assimilates. This study was performed to evaluate wheat genotypes for their ability to accumulate and remobilize TNC and N stored in their stem to support grain filling under heat stress. Eighteen genotypes were used for N remobilization study while nine of them were used for TNC remobilization study. They were grown in pots and placed in a vinyl house with the maximum temperature kept below 30 °C. Five days after anthesis (5DAA), half of the pots were taken to phytotrons where temperature was gradually increased and the maximum was set at 38 °C. Grain yield and grain weight decreased by about 35 % under heat stress. Significant differences were found among genotypes in percentage reduction in grain yield, grain weight, grain filling duration and harvest index because of heat stress. The N and TNC concentrations of the stem at 5DAA were significantly different among genotypes. Heat stress significantly reduced the N remobilization efficiency of most of genotypes. However, heat stress significantly increased TNC remobilization efficiency and significant variation were observed among genotypes. N remobilization efficiency across treatments significantly correlated with grain yield, grain weight, harvest index and grain filling duration. TNC at 5DAA negatively correlated with N at 5DAA and harvest index, but the TNC remobilization efficiency under heat stress positively correlated with mainstem grain yield, grain weight and harvest index. The rate of chlorophyll loss from flag leaf positively correlated with N and TNC remobilization efficiencies under heat stress suggesting a link between leaf senescence and remobilization efficiency. The results indicate that heat stress negatively affected grain yield, its components and N remobilization while it increased TNC remobilization because of the increasing demand for resources. 相似文献
7.
花后短暂高温对小麦籽粒蛋白质含量的影响及其生理机制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用人工气候室控温, 研究花后短暂高温对弱筋小麦扬麦9号和中筋小麦扬麦12籽粒蛋白质含量的影响及其生理机制。结果表明,开花至花后33 d,35℃以上高温处理使籽粒蛋白质含量显著高于对照, 温度越高上升越显著;花后33 d以后遇高温胁迫对蛋白质含量影响相对较轻。籽粒灌浆前期,花后6~8 d 35℃以上高温胁迫对蛋白质含量的影响最大,花后1~3 d处理影响次之;在灌浆中后期,花后19~21 d高温胁迫对蛋白质含量影响较大,花后36~38 d处理的影响较小,且灌浆前期籽粒蛋白质含量受高温胁迫的影响较灌浆中后期大。剑叶硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性以25℃处理较高,随温度的升高而降低, 与籽粒蛋白质含量呈极显著负相关。高温胁迫导致粒重下降,籽粒蛋白质含量相对上升。花后短暂高温胁迫导致弱、中筋小麦籽粒蛋白质品质变劣。 相似文献
8.
Independent and combined effects of high temperature and drought stress around anthesis on wheat 下载免费PDF全文
A. Mahrookashani S. Siebert H. Hüging F. Ewert 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(6):453-463
High temperature and drought stress are projected to reduce crop yields and threaten food security. While effects of heat and drought on crop growth and yield have been studied separately, little is known about the combined effect of these stressors. We studied detrimental effects of high temperature, drought stress and combined heat and drought stress around anthesis on yield and its components for three wheat cultivars originating from Germany and Iran. We found that effects of combined heat and drought on the studied physiological and yield traits were considerably stronger than those of the individual stress factors alone, but the magnitude of the effects varied for specific growth‐ and yield‐related traits. Single grain weight was reduced under drought stress by 13%–27% and under combined heat and drought stress by 43%–83% but not by heat stress alone. Heat stress significantly decreased grain number by 14%–28%, grain yield by 16%–25% and straw yield by 15%–25%. Cultivar responses were similar for heat but different for drought and combined heat and drought treatments. We conclude that heat stress as imposed in this study is less detrimental than the effects of those other studied stresses on growth and yield traits. 相似文献
9.
Evaluation of Grain Filling Rate and Duration in Bread and Durum Wheat, under Heat Stress after Anthesis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bread and durum wheat genotypes were submitted to heat stress during the grain filling period, and relationships between grain weight and accumulated time from anthesis until maturity, using days after anthesis and growing degree days, were described by cubic polynomials. Maximum grain weight and the duration and rate of grain filling were estimated from the fitted curves. It was found that bread and durum wheat exposure to high temperatures significantly decreased grain weight and hastens physiological maturity (shortening the grain filling period). High temperatures significantly affected the rate (on a growing degree day basis) and duration (on Julian day units) of grain filling. The grain filling rate, on a thermal time basis, was positively associated with the final grain weight and the estimated maximum grain weight. The duration of grain filling does not appear to be a limiting factor for genotype grain weight stability, being mainly fixed by temperature. Grain weight of the controlled plants was positively correlated with the final and maximum grain weight of heat stressed plants. It was concluded that a high grain filling rate and a high potential grain weight are major traits that can be useful to improve heat tolerance of Triticum under Mediterranean environments. 相似文献
10.
Evaluation of heat stress tolerance in irrigated environment of T. aestivum and related species. I. Stability in yield and yield components 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wheat production is often limited by continual or terminal heat stress. The current study was aimed at the characterization
of wild relatives and cultivated Triticum species for their heat tolerance in yield and its analysis in relation to yield
components which confer yield stability at the three ploidy levels. Thirty-two non-cultivated and cultivated genotypes belonging
to diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species were evaluated for heat stress tolerance in the field under full irrigation.
Wheat species were sown in the field(New Delhi, India; 77°12′E, 28°40′N, 228.6 m m.s.l) at two dates of sowing, November (normal)
and January (late Sowing) during winter seasons of 1994–95 and 1995–96. The late sown crop experienced 3°C warmer temperatures
than that of the normal sown crop. Wide variability was observed for grain yield stability under heat stress, as the heat
susceptibility index (S) ranged from 0.13 to 2.08. Hexaploidy conferred the productive and adaptive advantages as it combined
high yield and stability when compared to the tetraploid and diploid groups. However within each ploidy group wide variation
was observed for heat tolerance. T. aestivum cv C306 & HI1136, T. dicoccoides, T. monococcum acc. BSP1 and Ae. speltoides
ssp. liqustica were highly heat tolerant in their grain yield. Stability in grain no. m- 2 conferred yield stability in all
three ploidy levels, although grain weight stability also contributed to yield stability in moderately stable T. turgidum
and T. sphaerococcum under heat stress. Higher biomass and grain no. m-2 are the two important traits which could be considered
potential selection criteria for yield under heat stress. Of the two components of grain no. m-2, stability in spike no. m-2could
be considered more important trait than grain no. spike-1. Since wide variation for heat tolerance of all the yield components
are available among the wheat species, these species can be used for improving specific yield components of cultivated wheat.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
Spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito and Kurib.) Drechsler ex Dastur, and heat stress are two important stresses of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) causing substantial yield reduction in the warm areas of South Asia. These two stresses put pressure on at least 25 million
hectares of wheat areas worldwide. This study was conducted to examine variation in physiological traits and its association
with heat and spot blotch. Eleven diverse bread wheat genotypes were evaluated in replicated field trials under spot blotch
epidemics and heat stress conditions in 2006 and 2007 at Rampur, Nepal. Canopy temperature depression (CTD), chlorophyll fluorescence
(CF), chlorophyll content, percent disease leaf area, yield and yield components were recorded. Heat and spot blotch individually
reduced CTD, CF, chlorophyll content, grain yield (GRY), and thousand kernel weight (TKW), with greater reductions recorded
under combined stress. Genotypes showing lower GRY or TKW loss due to spot blotch also exhibited lower yield loss due to heat
stress or combined heat and disease stress, suggesting an association between tolerance mechanisms to the stresses. The physiological
traits chlorophyll content, CF and CTD showed higher correlations with GRY and TKW than with area under disease progress curve
(AUDPC) suggesting their potential application in screening for heat and spot blotch tolerant genotypes. Genotypes with lower
disease showed the highest values for chlorophyll content, CF and CTD. Our findings provide new information on the relationship
of these physiological traits with spot blotch resistance and heat tolerance when examined in the same study. The physiological
traits studied have potential application in integrative indirect selection criteria for improving spot botch and heat tolerance
in wheat. 相似文献
12.
Fawad Ali Daniel L.E. Waters Ben Ovenden Peter Bundock Carolyn A. Raymond Terry J. Rose 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2019,205(2):179-187
Climate change may lead to an increase in both day and night time temperatures in rice (Oryza sativa L) growing regions, but the impact of such temperature increases on yields of Australian rice varieties is not known. We evaluated the biomass and grain yield response of eleven Australian rice varieties including long, medium and short grain types, and the Californian cultivar M205, to heat stress during the reproductive phase and grain filling stages. Heat stress (day/night = 35/25°C) was applied at one of three stages: from panicle exertion to anthesis (PE), from anthesis to 10 days after anthesis (EGF) and from 10–20 days after anthesis (LGF) periods after which the effect on biomass and grain yield was compared to control plants. When heat stress was applied at PE and early grain filling stages, mean grain yield losses across rice varieties were 83% and 53%, respectively, though significant genotype × heat stress treatment interactions were observed. Notably, three varieties—YRM 67, Koshihikari and Opus—appeared to possess greater tolerance to heat stress at these growth stages. A significant genotype × heat stress treatment interaction was also observed in the LGF treatment, where significant yield reductions were only observed in Opus (21% loss) and YRM 67 (25% loss). A lack of effect of heat stress on total grain yield in most varieties at late grain filling appeared to be due to late tiller grain yields which were either unaffected by the heat stress or increased significantly compared to control plants. While genetic variation for tolerance to heat stress across the three growth stages was observed, there was no rice genotype that was consistently tolerant (in terms of yield under stress) across all three heat stress treatments. In the absence of a genotype that showed broad heat stress tolerance during reproductive growth, we suggest screening of a wider pool of more diverse rice germplasm is warranted. 相似文献
13.
14.
Effect of Heat Stress on Grain Starch Content in Diploid, Tetraploid and Hexaploid Wheat Species 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Heat stress during grain development adversely affects the starch content of grain in wheat, which results in poor grain quality and yield. Identification of the sources of heat tolerance for grain starch content in wheat species is an important step towards breeding for heat‐tolerant wheat. In this study, 32 wild and cultivated genotypes belonging to diploid (probable donors of B, A and D genomes), tetraploid (BBAA and AAGG genomes) and hexaploid (BBAADD genome) wheat species were evaluated for heat stress tolerance in the field at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India (77°12′ E; 28°40′ N; 228.6 m m.s.l) on two dates, 18 November (normal sowing) and 15 January (heat stress), during 1995–96. The crop sown in January experienced mean maximum temperatures of 31.0–39.3 °C during grain development, which are considered to represent heat stress for wheat grain development. Hexaploids had the highest grain starch content and the lowest heat susceptibility index, followed by tetraploid and diploid species. The heat susceptibility index (S) for grain starch correlated significantly and positively with that of grain weight (Y = 1.259X ? 0.29, R2 = 0.8902, P < 0.001) across wheat species, while the actual grain growth duration or the ‘S’ of grain growth duration did not correlate significantly with that of grain weight. Hence, a high mean grain growth rate under heat stress is a better trait for heat tolerance than long grain growth duration. Wide genetic variability for heat tolerance in grain starch content was observed among the wheat species. Hence, the grain weight and quality under heat stress can be improved by using the variability available among wheat species. 相似文献
15.
Three durum and three bread wheat genotypes were crossed to produce three tetraploid, three hexaploid and nine interspecific (pentaploid) F1 hybrids. All genotypes were evaluated for heat tolerance in the field and for drought using polyethylene glycol in vitro. Chromosome numbers and meiotic behavior in pentaploid F1 hybrids (2n=5x=35, genomes AABBD) were confirmed. Heat stress significantly reduced grain yield/plant and 1000-kernel weight (1000-KW), while grain protein content (GPC) was increased. Drought caused a significant reduction in root length, shoot length and seedling fresh weight, whereas root/shoot ratio was increased. P3 (durum), P4 (bread) and their pentaploid F1 hybrid could be considered as the most heat-tolerant genotypes. However, P2 (durum), P6 (bread) and their F1 were most tolerant to drought. The addition of a D genome single dose into pentaploid F1 hybrids obviously reduced grain yield/plant, 1000-KW and seedling traits, however GPC was increased. Moderate to high broad-sense heritability and genetic advance were obtained for the most investigated traits. Grain yield/plant was strongly positively correlated with stress tolerance index (STI), yield index (YI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP) and harmonic mean (HM) under heat stress and with root length under drought condition, suggesting that STI, YI, MP, GMP and HM are powerful indices for heat tolerance, while root length is most effective for drought. Successful interspecific hybridization obtained in the study is only an initial step for desired genes introgression. Successive progenies are going to be evaluated for further genetic studies aiming at improving abiotic stress tolerance in wheat. 相似文献
16.
灌浆期高温对小麦籽粒淀粉的积累、粒度分布及相关酶活性的影响 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
以不同耐热性品种济麦20和鲁麦21为材料, 于花后5~9 d进行高温处理, 研究了小麦灌浆期高温对籽粒淀粉的积累、粒度分布及合成相关酶活性的影响。结果表明, 灌浆期高温显著降低籽粒淀粉积累量, 显著降低籽粒淀粉、支链淀粉含量, 提高直链淀粉含量和直/支链淀粉比例。高温对济麦20籽粒淀粉积累的影响程度较鲁麦21大。灌浆期高温使小麦籽粒A型淀粉粒的体积、数量和表面积百分比显著增加, B型淀粉粒这3指标则显著降低。高温处理后, 济麦20籽粒蔗糖合酶(SS)、ADPG焦磷酸化酶(AGPP)、可溶性淀粉合酶(SSS)、束缚态淀粉合酶(GBSS)活性与对照无显著差异, 而鲁麦21上述酶活性则高于对照。济麦20、鲁麦21籽粒上述酶活性分别于花后15 d和20 d开始低于对照。与其他淀粉合成相关酶相比, 高温对籽粒GBSS活性的影响程度较小。两品种处理间籽粒蔗糖含量及SS、AGPP、SSS和GBSS活性的变化趋势, 与其籽粒淀粉积累量的变化趋势基本一致。灌浆期高温使籽粒淀粉积累量降低, 主要因高温抑制了籽粒灌浆中后期的淀粉合成, 这是由籽粒蔗糖供应不足和籽粒淀粉合成相关酶活性下降所造成的。 相似文献
17.
Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. is an ancestor of bread wheat (T. aestivum). This species has been widely used as a source ofsimply-inherited traits, but there are few reports of yield increases due tointrogression of genes from this species. Selections from F2-derivedlines of backcross derivatives of synthetic hexaploid wheats (T.turgidum / T. tauschii) were evaluated for grain yield in diverseenvironments in southern Australia. Re-selections were made in theF6 generation and evaluated for grain yield, yield componentsincluding grain weight, and grain growth characters in diverse environmentsin southern Australia and north-western Mexico. Re-selection was effectivein identifying lines which were higher yielding than the recurrent parent,except in full-irrigation environments. Grain yields of the selectedderivatives were highest relative to the recurrent parent in thelowest-yielding environments, which experienced terminal moisture deficitand heat stress during grain filling. The yield advantage of the derivativesin these environments was not due to a change in anthesis date orgrain-filling duration, but was manifest as increased rates of grain-filling andlarger grains, indicating that T. tauschii has outstanding potential forimproving wheat for low-yielding, drought-stressed environments. 相似文献
18.
High grain yield and grain protein content, and early maturity are important traits in global bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)-breeding programmes. Improving these three traits simultaneously is difficult due to the negative association between grain yield and grain protein content and the positive association between maturity and grain yield. We investigated the genetic relationship between maturity, grain yield and grain protein content in a population of 130 early maturing spring wheat lines in a high latitude (52–53°N) wheat-growing region of Canada. Grain protein content exhibited negative genetic correlation with maturity (−0.87), grain fill duration (−0.78), grain fill rate (−0.49), grain yield (−0.93) and harvest index (−0.71). Grain yield exhibited positive genetic correlation with maturity (0.69), rate (0.78) and duration (0.49) of grain fill, and harvest index (0.55). Despite the positive association between maturity and grain yield, and negative association between grain yield and grain protein content, higher yielding lines with medium maturity and higher grain protein content were identified. Broad-sense heritabilities were low (<0.40) for rate and duration of grain fill, grain protein content, spike per m2 , grains per spike, harvest index and grain yield, and medium to high (>0.40) for grain weight, days to anthesis and maturity, and plant height. Selection for longer preanthesis and shorter grain fill periods may help circumvent the negative association between grain yield and grain protein content. Selection for shorter grain fill periods and higher grain fill rate may be a useful strategy for developing early maturing cultivars with acceptable grain yields in northern wheat-growing regions. 相似文献
19.
Improvement in Brazilian wheat breeding: changes in developmental phases and ecophysiological traits
Eduardo Beche Cristiano Lemes da Silva Matheus Henrique Todeschini Anderson Simionato Milioli Giovani Benin Jose Abramo Marchese 《Euphytica》2018,214(3):56
Understanding the processes responsible for genetic progress in grain yield and relating them to the growth and developmental phases of the wheat plant are essential for improving yield potential. This study aimed to evaluate the duration of developmental phases and eco-physiological traits associated to grain yield in Brazilian wheat cultivars released in different decades. Wheat cultivars released from 1940 to 2009 were evaluated during 2010 and 2011 in Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil. The length of the following periods was compared: sowing-emergence (SW-EM), emergence-double ridge (EM-DR), double ridge-terminal spikelet (DR-TS), terminal spikelet-anthesis (TS-ANT), anthesis-physiological maturity (ANT-PM), sowing-anthesis (SW-ANT) and sowing-physiological maturity (SW-PM). Yield components were also measured. Breeding has reduced the days until anthesis by 14.2%, while it has extended the grain-filling period by 7.6%, compared to the first cultivars released in the country, thereby contributing to a significant increase in 1000-grain weight (12.4 and 9.0% in 2010 and 2011, respectively). The TS-ANT phase was the only phase prior to anthesis exhibiting an extension from old to modern cultivars; this phase increased 1.56 °Cd syear?1. Spike fertility index (SFI) showed increases of 37.8 and 23.8% in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Shortening of the time to flowering, shifting of critical phases of wheat development to better environmental conditions (i.e., TS-ANT phase), and selection for shorter cultivars have been directly responsible for the increase in spike dry weight at anthesis (SDWa) and SFI [i.e., grain number (GN)]. 相似文献
20.