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1.
苗期水分胁迫对玉米根系生长杂种优势的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以玉米杂交种高油115及其亲本(母本220、父本1145) 为材料, 研究了玉米苗期根系生长的杂种优势及水分胁迫的影响。试验设水分充足、轻度干旱和严重干旱3个处理, 田间持水量分别为75%、55%和35%。结果表明, 在水分充足条件下, 根长(RL)、根表面积(SA)和根干重(RDW)均表现出不同程度的中亲优势和超亲优势, 轻度干旱显著降低了各指标的杂种优势, 而严重干旱则完全抑制了根系生长的杂种优势。根系各性状中, RL的杂种优势最强。在水分充足条件下, 与中等根(根直径0.25~0.45 mm)和粗根(根直径>0.45 mm)相比, 细根(根直径0.05~0.20 mm)的RL、SA及其占总根系比例的杂种优势最高。轻度干旱胁迫虽然降低了根系的杂种优势, 但RL、SA仍表现出显著的超亲优势和中亲优势(粗根的超亲优势除外)。此外, 只有细根RL和SA占总根系的比例在轻度干旱胁迫下具有显著的中亲优势, 说明杂交种可以通过生成较亲本更高比例的细根来抵抗轻度干旱胁迫。 相似文献
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山西省小麦苗期根系性状及抗旱特性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
小麦苗期根系形态是成株期根系分布的基础,与抗逆和产量密切相关,全面认识苗期根系及抗旱特性,对于抗旱优异种质的利用和早期筛选具有重要意义。采用239份山西省小麦品种(系)在土培条件下,研究了苗期根系性状及对水分胁迫的响应。结果表明,正常生长下山西小麦苗期根系性状多样性丰富,地方种变异最大;不同年代品种中,除最大根长随年代略下降外,其他性状均呈先升后降的趋势;不同根系性状对水分胁迫响应存在差异,总根长对水分最敏感,其次为根表面积、根体积和根生物量,最大根长和平均根数不敏感。苗期根系综合抗旱能力随年代呈先降后升的趋势,地方种和20世纪70年代品种多为中抗,80和90年代的品种抗旱性较低,2000年以后审定品种的抗性较高,其中旱地品种抗性最好。苗期根系抗旱特性与产量性状相关分析发现,最大根长、总根长、根体积和根生物量与雨养条件下的千粒重和产量显著正相关,最大根长和根生物量与成株期抗旱性也显著正相关。因此苗期最大根长和根生物量可作为半干旱地区旱地育种过程中抗旱性和产量的早期筛选指标。 相似文献
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研究干旱胁迫和氮素形态对豌豆根系生长的影响,以期为旱农区豌豆的生长调控提供理论依据。采用盆栽方法,研究了2 种氮素形态下55%的土壤相对含水量进行15 天干旱胁迫对不同时期豌豆根系生长的影响。结果表明,氮素对根系生长的影响因形态而异,硝态氮有利于促进正常供水下根系的伸长生长,铵态氮有利于提高不同水分条件下的根直径。干旱胁迫对根系生长的影响也因氮素形态而异,3 种胁迫方式均显著降低了胁迫期间及花荚盛期硝态氮营养下的根长、根体积、根表面积;干旱胁迫有利于降低成熟期根系的衰败速率,产生了等量补偿或超补偿效应。综上所述,硝态氮营养有利于促进豌豆根系生长,孕蕾期干旱胁迫后复水对成熟期根系生长的补偿效果最好。 相似文献
5.
辽宁苗期玉米根叶对水分胁迫的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了提炼辽宁春玉米苗期干旱胁迫影响的定量化评价指标,以‘丹玉39’为试验材料,采用盆栽称重控水法,对不同水平土壤含水量对春玉米苗期根叶生长的影响进行研究。结果表明：正常（75%）和偏湿（85%）水分条件下玉米具有较高的株高,茎粗和叶面积。干旱胁迫下,玉米生长发育受到抑制,株高降低、茎粗变细、根系和地上部的生物量降低,叶片光合面积减小,根冠比增大。但一定程度的干旱（55%）有利于根系下扎,增大根冠比。干旱胁迫对玉米的株高和根系的生长发育有较大的影响,地上生物量受干旱胁迫影响大于根系。 相似文献
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Analysis of Water Supply of Plants Under Saline Soil Conditions and Conclusions for Research on Crop Salt Tolerance 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
U. Schleiff 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2008,194(1):1-8
Abstract In the dry areas of the world there is an increasing pressure to apply low quality brackish waters for plant irrigation (agriculture, horticulture, landscape greening). Consequently there is a demand to improve salt tolerance of conventional crops and to develop adequate irrigation techniques too. The efforts in the past decades to approach the understanding of salt stress mechanism by focusing on biochemical and physiological research were disappointing with respect to progress for crop growth and yields under saline soil conditions. However, it is generally agreed by all disciplines involved in research for crop salt tolerance that under saline soils conditions the reduced water supply of crops is the most critical growth factor. The paper presents some model calculations and field investigations that demonstrate the effect of root water uptake on the salinity of the root surrounding soil fraction (rhizospheric soil). It is shown that root hair length and rhizospheric soil volumes are factors most relevant for understanding crop salt tolerance, when growing in soils. It is postulated that short root hairs contribute to a lower salt tolerance (onions), whereas long root hairs enhance water uptake from saline soils and crop salt tolerance (rape). As interactions between roots and soil contribute to the salt tolerance of crops under field conditions, it is doubtful that selection for salt tolerant varieties and breeding for salt tolerance under conditions of water and flow culture experiments is very efficient. Breeding for more salt-tolerant crops and brackish irrigation techniques should consider root morphology and soil/root contact zone. 相似文献
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盐碱胁迫对海岛棉种子萌发及幼苗根系生长的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为明确海岛棉种子萌发及幼苗根系对盐胁迫的响应,并筛选出耐盐能力较高的海岛棉品种。以新疆阿克苏地区主推海岛棉品种新海31号、新海35号、新海43号和新海48号为试材,采用NaCl、Na2SO4以及NaCl、NaHCO3以物质的量1∶1混合分别模拟中性盐混合盐(中性盐)和碱性盐混合盐(碱性盐)两种盐类型,胁迫处理总盐浓度(Na+)为0、120、180、240、300、360 mmol L~(–1),研究了盐胁迫下海岛棉种子萌发和幼苗根系生长参数。结果表明,在两种盐类型下,随着盐浓度的增加,海岛棉种子的萌发参数、生物量、根冠比、盐敏感指数、盐耐受指数、根系长度、根系表面积及根系体积均呈下降趋势;高盐浓度下,海岛棉株高、根系生物量及茎叶生物量与盐浓度呈显著负相关,说明高盐环境抑制了棉种发芽及幼苗的正常生长。120 mmol L~(–1)浓度下,中性盐处理的新海48号的根系总长度比对照无显著增加,其余品种均有显著增加,各品种根系总体积与总表面积均无显著差异,低盐促进了各品种细根(d≤0.5 mm)的伸长及生长,新海43号的中根(0.5d≤2.0 mm)长度比CK增加显著,导致此品种根系的总体积与总表面积有显著增加;碱性盐处理的根系总长度、表面积及体积除新海31号与对照差异不显著外,其余品种均有显著降低。180～240mmolL~(–1)浓度下,中性盐处理的根系总长度、表面积及体积与对照相比除新海43号有显著下降外,各品种均差异不显著;碱性盐处理的各品种均是下降显著,其中新海35号的根系总长度下降幅度比其余品种缓慢。300～360mmolL~(–1)浓度下,两种盐处理的各品种的根系总长度、体积与表面积均急剧下降。碱性盐胁迫比中性盐胁迫下降的趋势更为显著。本试验条件下,海岛棉幼苗正常生长所能承受的盐浓度为240 mmol L~(–1),但碱性盐对于海岛棉幼苗的伤害远大于中性盐,供试品种耐盐碱程度为新海35号新海43号新海31号新海48号。 相似文献
8.
类芦根系对不同强度干旱胁迫的形态学响应 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
为了探讨类芦根系对干旱胁迫逆境的响应规律,为其在水土流失区推广和应用提供科学理论依据,以水土保持先锋植物类芦为研究对象,通过4个不同干旱强度胁迫的盆栽试验,测定不同干旱处理对类芦根系生物量和根系形态指标。结果表明：不同干旱强度胁迫处理,类芦根系总长度、表面积、平均直径、根系生物量的差异明显,而根体积差异较小。在不同程度干旱胁迫下,根体积、根平均直径随着干旱胁迫程度增加逐渐减小,且均比充足供水的小;而类芦根系总长度、根表面积、根系生物量、根冠比均比充足供水的大,中度干旱胁迫条件下（田间持水量40%±5%）,类芦的根系长度、根表面积、根系生物量、地上部生物量、根冠比均为最大。类芦具有庞大的根系,抗旱和耐旱能力强;类芦根系增强延伸能力、扩大与土壤接触面积是对干旱逆境的形态学响应机制之一。 相似文献
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Environmental conditions during root development: Drought constraint on cassava starch quality 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Klanarong Sriroth Kuakoon Piyachomkwan Vilai Santisopasri Christopher G. Oates 《Euphytica》2001,120(1):95-102
Cassava has the reputation of being a drought tolerant crop, however, when deprived of water, plant and root development are
affected. This ultimately will translate to an altered starch synthesis expressed by variation of starch quality. The magnitude
of which, is influenced by the severity of stress conditions and stage of plant maturity. During early plant development,water
stress retards growth, which will only be resumed after the immature plant has received sufficient water. Despite of an increased
starch yield, the effect of initial water stress on starch quality is still sustained. In mature plants, starch quality is
affected by environmental conditions prior to root harvest, especially the onset of rain after a stress period as indicated
by a reduced starch paste. This paper presents the argument for extending the scope of traditional breeding programs beyond
selecting for plant growth under drought conditions, to strategies that place greater emphasis on stabilizing starch quality.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of spatial soil moisture stress on cotton root growth, and to analyze the corresponding changes in cotton root architecture. [Method] To produce soil moisture spatial stress, cotton spacing was set at 30 cm. The cotton was all irrigated on one side of the pole (the side sampling point). By excavating the cotton root, analysis of the main root bifurcation, which was cultivated away from the irrigation point, could be undertaken. [Result] The analyses of the cotton A (the nearest plant to the irrigation location) root system showed that soil moisture near the irrigation point was distributed uniformly. The root system architecture of the cotton cultivated near the irrigation point mostly presented a symmetrical "umbrella" pattern; the difference in root diameter between the main and lateral roots was 5–6 mm, and the average angle between them was 70°–80°, which decreased with the increase in cotton growth stage. Soil moisture spatial stress influenced the cotton plant C, which was cultivated away from the irrigation point, such that the root system architecture was asymmetrical. The roots of cotton plant C grew towards the high soil moisture zone; 48.15% of the lateral roots became thicker, which acted as a bifurcated main root. The difference in diameter between the bifurcated roots was 1–4 mm, and the average angle of the bifurcated roots along the vertical direction was between 20°–37°, which increased with the increase in cotton growth stage. [Conclusion] The results provide important information on the physiological responses of the cotton root system to the soil moisture environment. 相似文献
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黄土高原杨树人工林的细根生物量与碳储量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解细根生长、周转及其对土壤碳库的贡献,以太原地区杨树人工林(Populus tomentosa)为研究对象,采用连续取土样法及分解袋法,研究了细根(＜ 2 mm)的垂直分布、季节动态、年生产量及碳储量。结果表明：0~40 cm土层细根生物量为241.8 g/m2,其中活细根生物量为168.0 g/m2,约占细根总生物量的69.5%。细根主要集中于0~10 cm土层,且随土层加深而递减。细根生物量还具有明显的季节变化,最大值出现在8月,最小值出现在4月。细根年分解量为35.3 g/m2,年死亡量为98.2 g/m2。细根年生产量估计为216.6 g/m2,年周转率为1.29次。0~40 cm土层细根总碳储量为97.4 g?C/m2,每年由于细根死亡向土壤碳库输入的碳量约为39.6 g?C/m2。土壤全氮含量和土壤含水量是影响细根垂直分布的主要因素,而细根季节动态与土壤水分及气候特点密切相关。由于本研究区地处黄土高原,土壤水分短缺是导致细根生产量偏低的主要原因,且影响细根周转及其向土壤有机碳库的碳输入。 相似文献
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不同水分条件下不同抗旱性苦荞根系生长规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探明不同抗旱性苦荞根系形态和生理特性与抗旱性的关系,为干旱胁迫下苦荞高产优质栽培管理及抗旱品种的筛选提供理论依据,采用人工控水的方法,研究并分析了正常供水、重度干旱条件下不同抗旱性苦荞品种迪庆苦荞（耐旱）、黑丰1号（旱敏感）根系生长形态和生理指标变化。结果表明,干旱胁迫显著增加了苦荞根冠比、根系丙二醛（MDA）和脯氨酸（Pro）含量,而最大根长、根体积、根表面积显著降低。随着生育期推进,各处理苦荞最大根长、根体积、根表面积、MDA含量等指标均呈现逐渐增加趋势,根冠比、Pro含量呈现先增后减趋势。品种之间方差分析结果表明,重度干旱胁迫条件下,各测定时期迪庆苦荞的根冠比、最大根长、根体积、根表面积、根系Pro含量均显著高于黑丰1号,MDA含量则显著低于黑丰1号。回归分析表明,不同处理苦荞根表面积、最大根长等指标在测定时期内随时间变化的数学模型均符合指数函数,根体积、MDA含量等指标均符合一元二次方程的规律。干旱胁迫下苦荞根系与地上部分的生长均受到抑制,且表现为对地上部的影响大于对根系;与黑丰1号相比,迪庆苦荞耐旱性更强。 相似文献
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早稻旱育秧形态、组织结构和生理特性 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
本文分析了杂交早稻威优４８－２旰育秧和湿润育秧若干形态，组织结构和生理特性差异，讨论了旱育对秧苗根系和根系活力的影响以及南方早稻旱育高产栽培技术的增机制。结果表明：与湿润育秧比较，旱育秧地上部矮壮，分蘖和叶片表皮毛增多，气孔开度增大，叶脉变薄，气腔变小；根系发达，总根数、白根数、根干重、根毛和根系吸收面积增大；根尖和叶肉细胞体积变小，排列更紧密，原生质浓度增高；要系ＰＯＤ和ＰＡＬ活性显著增强；但根 相似文献
16.
Plant breeding for drought-prone habitats envisages a favorable combination of grain yield and drought resistance. Though
several components enhancing drought resistance have been identified in rice,their association with grain yield, under low-moisture
stress, has been established in very few instances. We attempt to study the associations between rice grain yield and root
system parameters both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. The doubled haploid population of IR64/Azucena was evaluated for
root related traits at peak vegetative stage and grain yield related traits under both low-moisture stress and non stress
conditions. ‘Mean environment’ was computed for yield related traits. Correlation and QTL mapping was attempted to find out
the associations. The correlation between maximum root length and grain yield was positive under stress and negative in non
stress. Genotypes with thicker and deeper roots, manifested higher biomass and grain yield under stress. Only one QTL found
to increase days to flowering in non stress was also found to influence root volume and dry weight negatively under stress.
The study suggests that loci enhancing grain yield and related traits were not pleiotropic with loci for desirable root morphological
traits studied under low-moisture stress at vegetative stage, in the genetic material used in the study. It is thus possible
to combine higher grain yield and desirable root morphological traits, favorably, to enhance productivity of rice under low-moisture
stress. In rainfed ecologies, where deep roots contribute to enhanced drought resistance in rice, the results indicate the
possibility of combining drought resistance with higher levels of grain yield.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
U. R. Sangakkara U. A. Hartwig J. Nösberger 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1996,177(3):145-151
The development of an extensive root system enables plants to overcome water stress. However, there is little information on the response of food legumes to soil moisture, especially during early growth, which determines crop establishment. Thus, an experiment was conducted under controlled conditions to identify the effect of soil moisture and fertilizer potassium on root and shoot growth of french beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings. The seedlings were grown in a sand medium under a high and low soil moisture regime and with 0.1, 0.8 or 3.0 mM potassium.
Root lengths, dry weights and numbers of root hairs were greater under low soil moisture conditions. Potassium increased root growth irrespective of soil moisture regimes. The impact of potassium on root length was more pronounced under a high soil moisture regime. In contrast, potassium increased root dry weights and root hairs to a greater extent when plants were grown under dry conditions. The lack of adequate soil moisture increased specific leaf weights, and this phenomenon was reduced by the application of potassium. Shoot:root ratios also showed a similar phenomenon. The development of an extensive root system by french bean seedlings under dry conditions to extract a greater quantity of available soil moisture fur establishment and plant growth and the ability of potassium to promote this phenomenon is presented in this study. 相似文献
Root lengths, dry weights and numbers of root hairs were greater under low soil moisture conditions. Potassium increased root growth irrespective of soil moisture regimes. The impact of potassium on root length was more pronounced under a high soil moisture regime. In contrast, potassium increased root dry weights and root hairs to a greater extent when plants were grown under dry conditions. The lack of adequate soil moisture increased specific leaf weights, and this phenomenon was reduced by the application of potassium. Shoot:root ratios also showed a similar phenomenon. The development of an extensive root system by french bean seedlings under dry conditions to extract a greater quantity of available soil moisture fur establishment and plant growth and the ability of potassium to promote this phenomenon is presented in this study. 相似文献
18.
采用盆栽人工控水的方法,研究不同小豆品种根系对干旱胁迫的响应。结果表明,干旱胁迫抑制了小豆根系的生长,随着干旱胁迫的加剧,小豆的最大根长呈先增加后减少的趋势,根重、总根长、根表面积、根体积、株高、茎粗和叶面积呈减小的趋势,根冠比呈增加的趋势;不同品种小豆对干旱胁迫的响应存在差异,抗旱型品种的根重、总根长、根表面积、根体积、株高、茎粗和叶面积随干旱胁迫的加剧下降幅度小,根冠比显著加大。重度干旱胁迫下,品种间最大根长、根重、根体积、株高、茎粗、叶面积和根冠比差异在整个生育期间达显著水平。抗旱型品种冀红8937的根系更为发达,根冠比较高,中度干旱胁迫下,最大根长的增加幅度较大,随着干旱胁迫的加剧,其根重、总根长、根表面积、根体积、株高、茎粗和叶面积下降幅度较小,根冠比显著增加。 相似文献
19.
Rongyao Li Yijin Zeng Jie Xu Qi Wang Fengkai Wu Moju Cao Hai Lan Yaxi Liu Yanli Lu 《Breeding Science》2015,65(4):298-307
Although the root system is indispensable for absorption of nutrients and water, it is poorly studied in maize owing to the difficulties of direct measurement of roots. Here, 103 maize lines were used to compare root architectures under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. Significant genetic variation, with medium to high heritability and significant correlations, was observed for root traits. Total root length (TRL) and total root surface area (TSA) had high phenotypical diversity, and TRL was positively correlated with TSA, root volume, and root forks. The first two principal components explained 94.01% and 91.15% of total root variation in well-watered and water-stressed conditions, respectively. Thus, TRL and TSA, major contributors to root variation, can be used as favorable selection criteria at the seedling stage. We found that stiff stalk and non-stiff stalk groups (temperate backgrounds) showed relatively higher mean values for root morphological diversity than the TST group (tropical/subtropical background). Of the tested lines, 7, 42, 45, and 9 were classified as drought sensitive, moderately sensitive, moderately drought tolerant, and highly drought tolerant, respectively. Seven of the 9 extremely drought tolerant lines were from the TST group, suggesting that TST germplasms harbor valuable genetic resources for drought tolerance that could be used in breeding to improve abiotic stress tolerance in maize. 相似文献
20.
Screening Wheat (Triticum spp.) Genotypes for Root Length under Contrasting Water Regimes: Potential Sources of Variability for Drought Resistance Breeding 
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下载免费PDF全文 Screening for root traits has been one of the most difficult areas to practise over large number of genotypes. Hydroponic systems enable easy access to roots while high‐molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used to induce water stress. A total of 838 genotypes were evaluated for root length in a hydroponic trial under PEG‐induced stress and non‐stress growing conditions. Augmented complete block design with seven blocks and six standard control varieties was used. Root length differences were highly significant (P < 0.01) under both stress and non‐stress growing conditions among genotypes. Osmotic stress has caused an average reduction of 54 % in root length. Among the genotypes, root length ranged from 1.4 to 13.3 cm under stress, and 4.4 to 23.3 cm under non‐stress conditions, respectively. The best control variety for drought resistance was significantly (P < 0.05) outperformed by four new entries namely Colotana 296‐52, Compare, Santa Elena and Tammarin Rock, while the shortest roots were measured on genotypes Aus 16356, Elia, Camm, Portugal 3, and Sentinel. Differences among ploidy levels, domesticated and wild forms were also significant (P < 0.05). Hexaploid wheat showed significantly longer roots in both growing conditions while wild tetraploids showed the shortest roots under stress. There was a change in the ranking of genotypes under the two water regimes, which indicates the difficulty of selecting drought resistant varieties under optimum environments. 相似文献