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1.
《土壤通报》2014,(4):913-918
针对武夷山红壤施加不同水平的硝态氮(CK:N 0 mg kg-1,LN:N 50 mg kg-1,NN:N 100 mg kg-1,HN:N 150 mg kg-1)开展培养实验,研究硝态氮对土壤氮转化的影响。结果表明:随硝态氮添加,红壤氨化速率显著升高,而矿化速率在高氮(NN:N 100mg kg-1,HN:N 150 mg kg-1)情况下没有显著升高。硝态氮添加显著影响土壤硝态氮和铵态氮的关系,由CK处理下的显著负相关,逐渐转为HN处理的正相关,结果表明,随硝态氮添加,尤其在HN处理下促进了硝态氮的固定和铵态氮的形成,而对于其转化的机理还有待进一步研究。随硝态氮添加,土壤可溶性有机氮(SON)含量增加,其所占比例(39.0%~45.7%)降低,而SON的变化速率与矿化速率成显著负相关,表明较高硝态氮处理(NN和HN)下SON的变化速率较大,为揭示高氮沉降下硝态氮转化的机理提供了思路。 相似文献
2.
为揭示福建省洋口林场不同无性系杉木人工林土壤氮素转化特征,以15年林龄的第三代优良组培材料和实生苗(包括洋003（Y003）、洋008（Y008）、洋020（Y020）、洋061（Y061）、洋062（Y062）、第2代种子园良种（Ysec）和无性系混系扦插苗（Ymix）)共计7种无性系杉木人工林土壤为研究对象开展室内培养试验,测定培养期间土壤无机氮含量变化,进而计算不同无性系杉木人工林土壤的净矿化速率和净硝化速率。结果表明：不同无性系杉木人工林土壤的净矿化速率和净硝化速率均处于较低水平（净矿化速率和净硝化速率分别为-0.093~0.118 mg?kg-1?d-1和-0.021~0.051mg?kg-1?d-1）均处于较低水平,表明亚热带地区杉木人工林土壤的供氮能力较弱。但在不同无性系间氮净矿化和硝化速率均存在显著差异。Y061土壤的平均净矿化速率显著高于其他无性系人工林土壤,为0.118 mg?kg-1?d-1,其次为Ymix和Y062无性系,分别为0.046 mg?kg-1?d-1和0.033 mg?kg-1?d-1;而其他4种无性系土壤平均净矿化速率均为负值,表现为无机氮的净同化作用;对不同无性系杉木人工林土壤而言,Y008的净硝化速率最高,为0.051 mg?kg-1?d-1,其次为Ymix和Y020无性系,分别为0.003和0.007 mg?kg-1?d-1,其他4种土壤平均净硝化速率均为负值,表现为硝态氮的净同化作用,因而保氮能力强。综上,Y061和Y062两种无性系杉木人工林土壤的供氮能力和保氮水平显著高于其他无性系,而Y008土壤发生淋溶等氮素损失的风险高于其他无性系,在实际栽植中应当合理选择无性系树种以保证更好的土壤肥力供应。 相似文献
3.
[目的] 研究不同植物与改良方式对重构土壤氮转化率的影响,为提高矿区重构土壤可利用氮素含量提供理论依据。[方法] 以取自内蒙古自治区通辽市扎哈淖尔露天煤矿的采矿剥离物为基质配制重构土壤,分别以鸡粪肥、自制改良剂对其进行改良,并选取4种类型的植物,研究这两个因素对无机氮存在形式、氮净矿化率、净氨化率和净硝化率的影响。[结果] 硝态氮是重构土壤中无机态氮存在的主要形式,改良剂、植物及其交互作用对重构土壤氮净矿化率、净氨化率和净硝化率有极显著影响,自制改良剂改良可以显著提高重构土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮和亚硝态氮的含量及净硝化率,紫花苜蓿可以显著提高重构土壤中硝态氮含量及氮净矿化率。90 d时重构土壤的氮净矿化率最高。[结论] 播种90 d内,重构土壤中无机态氮存在形式由铵态氮向硝态氮转化,添加自制改良剂能够提高重构土壤中无机态氮含量,对矿区重构土壤的净氨化率、净硝化率及氮净矿化率的提高有促进作用。 相似文献
4.
不同海拔高度下森林土壤中氮的矿化 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
土壤中氮(N)的矿化过程是森林生态系统中的重要动态过程,影响着生态系统的生产力、结构及功能[1]。氮的矿化过程会受到许多因素的影响,并且在不同的空间与时间上表现出不同的变化特征[2,3]。随海拔高度的变化,土壤的温度水分均会随之改变,很多研究发现[3~5]土壤中氮的矿化会随海拔高度的升高而增加,可能原因是(1)高海拔的枯落物可促进矿化,(2)低海拔土壤的低pH会抑制矿化,(3)高海拔氮库较大,(4)低海拔土壤水分含量相对较低,(5)土壤质地的差异以及(6)生物族群的差异。然而目前的证据还不足以很好解释高海拔土壤中高的氮矿化速率[6]。因此,本研究旨在通过分析土壤中无机氮、可溶性有机氮及土壤净矿 相似文献
5.
不同缓/控释氮肥在玉米苗期的养分释放与转化研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用盆栽试验,模拟田间生态环境,研究施用不同缓/控释氮素肥料在玉米苗期的土壤尿素态氮、硝态氮、铵态氮及矿质态氮数量。研究表明,施用醋酸酯淀粉包膜脲酶抑制剂NBPT涂层大颗粒尿素肥料的尿素态氮含量最高,为21.29 mg kg-1土;硝化抑制剂DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素、醋酸酯淀粉包膜DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素的铵态氮含量最高,分别达到60.22 mg kg-1土和59.93 mg kg-1土,硝态氮含量最低,分别为29.82 mg kg-1土、27.97 mg kg-1土,相互间差异不显著;醋酸酯淀粉包膜大颗粒尿素的硝态氮和矿质态氮含量都最高,分别为102.08 mg kg-1土和135.25mg kg-1土,铵态氮、尿素态氮含量最低,分别为33.16 mg kg-1和3.42 mg kg-1土,相互间无显著差异;DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素、丙烯酸树脂包膜NBPT涂层大颗粒尿素、醋酸酯淀粉包膜DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素和丙烯酸树脂包膜DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素在玉米苗期的土壤矿质态氮含量最少,相互间无显著差异,分别为89.75 mg kg-1土、93.70 mg kg-1土、88.19 mg kg-1土和86.22 mg kg-1土,说明它们在玉米苗期氮素养分释放量最少,包膜和抑制剂的作用效应较好。 相似文献
6.
祁连山东段青海云杉林区土壤氮矿化与土壤因子的相关性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以祁连山东段青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)林分布带土壤为研究对象,采用顶盖埋管的野外取样法和室内分析法,对海拔梯度上土壤铵态氮(NH+4-N)、硝态氮(NO-3-N)净矿化速率、氮净矿化量和净矿化速率进行测定分析,旨在探讨土壤净氮矿化量与气温降水和土壤理化性质的相关关系,以期建立环境变量与土壤氮矿化量和矿化速率模型,进而提高祁连山青海云杉林生产力及水源涵养能力。其结果表明:(1)土壤硝态氮、铵态氮净矿化速率、土壤净氮矿化量和矿化速率随海拔的升高差异性均极显著;土壤氮净矿化量和矿化速率随海拔梯度的升高呈"W"形变化,与硝态氮净矿化速率随海拔升高的变化规律一致,与铵态氮净矿化速率变化规律相反;在海拔2 800m处,硝态氮净矿化速率、土壤净氮矿化量和矿化速率均达到最大值,为0.372,160.3,0.44 mg/(kg·d),铵态氮净矿化速率出现最低值0.067 mg/(kg·d);在海拔2 900m处出现最低值,为0.155,94.7,0.26mg/(kg·d),在海拔3 100m处,铵态氮的净矿化速率出现最大值0.13mg/(kg·d);(2)回归分析表明,土壤净氮矿化量与年均气温呈极显著负相关(P0.01),R2=0.717 3;与年降水量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),R2=0.383 5;得出气候变化对土壤净氮矿化量的影响程度为:年均气温年降水量;(3)回归分析表明,土壤氮净矿化量与土壤全氮、有机质、含水量、pH值呈极显著正相关(P0.01),其R2依次为0.910 1,0.906 0,0.842 8,0.797 9;与土壤容重呈极显著负相关(P0.01),其R2为0.222 4;由R2值大小可知土壤养分对土壤净氮矿化量的影响程度为:土壤全氮土壤有机质土壤含水量土壤pH土壤容重。 相似文献
7.
应重视硝态氮同化过程在降低土壤硝酸盐浓度中的作用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
在保证生产力条件下,采取合理的氮肥管理措施降低土壤硝态氮浓度对降低氮污染至关重要。当前,应用硝化抑制剂能够有效延缓铵态氮的硝化速率,进而降低土壤硝态氮淋溶损失和氮氧化物排放,但是其缺点显而易见:促进氨挥发并引起硝化抑制剂污染。好氧条件下,土壤硝态氮净变化量取决于产生(硝化)和消耗(硝态氮同化)的量。但是,一直以来,受微生物优先利用铵态氮这一传统观点的影响,人们普遍认为农田土壤微生物较少利用硝态氮,很大程度上忽视了对硝态氮同化过程的研究。该过程独具优势,它将硝态氮转变为微生物生物量氮进行短期储存并发生再矿化,具有保氮功能且环境友好。加入特定的碳源可以提高硝态氮同化这已是不争的事实,未来应加强硝态氮同化降低土壤硝酸盐累积方面的研究:(1)外源碳影响硝态氮同化的微生物驱动机制是什么?(2)怎样才能操控硝态氮同化和再矿化过程,使得作物氮需求和土壤氮供应相匹配,进而降低氮损失?(3)在碳源充足的条件下,反硝化作用亦会增强,如何才能做到在提高硝态氮同化的同时避免反硝化氮损失? 相似文献
8.
秸秆与地膜覆盖条件下旱作玉米田土壤氮组分生长季动态 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
研究不同覆盖措施下农田土壤全氮及其活性和半活性组分在作物生长季的动态变化,有助于深入理解农田土壤氮循环过程。基于黄土高原8年春玉米覆盖定位试验,系统分析了土壤全氮、矿质氮、微生物量氮、潜在可矿化氮以及颗粒有机氮在玉米不同生育期的动态特征。试验包括全生育期9 000kg/hm2秸秆覆盖、全生育期地膜覆盖和不覆盖对照3个处理。结果表明:(1)除硝态氮和铵态氮在苗期上升外,秸秆和地膜覆盖下土壤全氮及其组分含量在春玉米生育期基本呈苗期下降、拔节期上升、大喇叭口—抽雄期下降、灌浆和收获期回升的变化趋势;(2)与对照相比,秸秆覆盖提高了大多数生育时期0—40cm土层全氮和硝态氮含量及0—20cm土层铵态氮含量,提高各生育时期0—40cm土层微生物量氮、潜在可矿化氮以及颗粒有机氮含量;(3)地膜覆盖较对照提高大多数生育时期0—40cm土层硝态氮和0—20cm土层铵态氮含量,降低作物生育后期0—20cm土层全氮和0—40cm土层颗粒有机氮含量,降低大多数时期0—40cm土层微生物量氮和10—20cm土层潜在可矿化氮含量;(4)除了地膜覆盖下20—40cm土层颗粒有机氮相对含量在作物不同生育期差异不显著外,秸秆和地膜覆盖下0—40cm土层微生物量氮、潜在可矿化氮、颗粒有机氮对土壤全氮的动态均有重要贡献。总之,黄土高原的春玉米田秸秆覆盖具有明显的提升土壤全氮及其组分含量的作用,有助于培肥地力和土壤固氮;地膜覆盖则降低了作物生育后期土壤全氮及其组分含量,同时显著提高了土壤硝态氮水平,导致农田土壤氮素淋溶风险提高。 相似文献
9.
于2008年10月、2009年5月和8月对黄河口湿地进行了3次野外调查和室内及野外模拟实验,研究了湿地土壤中各形态氮素的季节变化及转化过程,结果表明:农业种植区表层土壤氮素含量明显高于自然湿地,自然湿地全氮的含量低于1 000 mg/kg,铵态氮含量小于10 mg/kg,硝态氮含量小于3 mg/kg,研究区土壤氮素含量处于低营养水平。土壤中氮素的含量8月份最低,其中无机氮的季节变化较有机氮明显;0-10 cm表层土壤氮素含量明显高于下层土壤,10 cm以下氮含量无显著垂直变化。在氮素的转化过程中,氮的反硝化能力最强,硝态氮的最大损失量达到23.44 g/(m3.d),这与研究区域土壤中硝态氮含量较低相吻合;矿化能力较弱,有机氮的最大转化量仅为0.91 g/(m3.d);氮的硝化过程中铵态氮的最大转化量为12.77 g/(m3.d)。芦苇枯落物在分解过程中发生了氮素的净释放,夏季淹水环境芦苇枯落物氮素的日均归还量最高,达到0.039 g/(m2.d),冬季最低,芦苇枯落物分解对土壤氮库的储量有一定影响。 相似文献
10.
模拟氮沉降对温带不同森林类型土壤氮矿化速率的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过室内模拟不同氮形态(NH4+-N、NO3--N、NH4+-N+NO3--N)沉降实验,研究不同氮形态沉降对温带不同森林类型(椴树红松混交林、白桦天然次生林、红松人工林和落叶松人工林)土壤氮矿化速率的影响。结果表明:在整个培养期间,与对照相比,经过氮沉降土壤净氨化速率、净硝化速率及净矿化速率都呈现出增长趋势,而其增加的程度又取决于森林类型、土层、氮处理类型和处理时间。不同林型土壤净氨化速率、净硝化速率及净矿化速率受氮沉降影响不同,混交林对氮沉降的响应要弱于阔叶林,高于针叶人工纯林;土壤A层比土壤B层对氮沉降敏感;以铵态氮形态沉降时对铵态氮含量、净氨化速率影响较大,以硝态氮形态沉降时对硝态氮含量、净硝化速率影响较大,混合形态的氮沉降要比单种形态的氮沉降使土壤净氨化速率、净硝化速率及净矿化速率增加幅度更高;氮沉降时间越长,土壤净氨化速率、净硝化速率及净矿化速率与对照差距越大,说明氮沉降对土壤的影响存在累加效应。 相似文献
11.
Temporal and spatial variations in nitrogen transformations in deciduous forest ecosystems along an urban-rural gradient 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ecosystem processes such as N transformations have seldom been studied in urban and suburban areas. Here we report the temporal and spatial variations in soil N measured continuously over 16 months in remnant forests dominated by northern red oak (Quercus rubraL.) along a 130 km urban-rural transect in the New York City metropolitan area. Urban, suburban and rural forests all exhibited clear seasonal patterns in soil N concentrations and transformation rates. Concentrations of extractable inorganic N were highest in early spring, while net N mineralization and nitrification rates were highest in summer. Peak N mineralization and nitrification in urban stands tended to occur a month earlier than in rural stands. Daily net N mineralization rates averaged 4.45 mg N kg−1 soil organic matter (SOM) in urban stands, 3.51 in suburban stands, and 2.49 in rural stands. In urban and suburban forests, between 23.2-73.8% of the annual net N mineralized was nitrified, but in rural forests, net nitrification was mostly below the detection limit. Annual net N mineralization rates, expressed on an areal basis (to a depth of 7.5 cm), averaged 11.6 g m−2 in urban forests, 11.3 g m−2 in suburban sites, and 7.3 g m−2 in rural forests. N returns in oak litter fall were 2.15, 1.32, and 1.81 g m−2 in urban, suburban, and rural stands, respectively. The elevated N transformation rates and nitrate production, in combination with possible pollution constraints on tree growth in urban environments, raises concern that these urban and suburban forests may be approaching an N saturated status. 相似文献
12.
通过室内控制培养试验方法,研究了不同温度和冻融循环过程对沼泽湿地土壤有机氮矿化影响。结果表明,湿地土壤中无机氮以铵态氮为主,温度和培养时间显著影响土壤有机氮的矿化,在温度-25~30℃之间,N的矿化速率、硝化速率随温度增加而增加,30℃时矿化速率（1.17mg.kg-1.d-1）和硝化速率（0.79mg.kg-.1d-1）最大。沼泽湿地土壤有机氮矿化培养时间以4~5周较为适宜。冻结温度和冻融次数显著影响土壤有机氮矿化过程,且-25~5℃冻融循环比-5~5℃冻融循环矿化累积量高。冻融循环促进了土壤有机氮的矿化,有利于土壤中有效氮的累积,为春季植物生长提供足够的氮素,对维持生态系统稳定有重要意义。 相似文献
13.
Soluble organic N and microbial N pools in terrestrial ecosystems have been less studied than those of inorganic N. Therefore, cross-system variation in their pool sizes and seasonal dynamics, both absolute and relative to inorganic N pools, needs to be quantified so that their ecological importance in different ecosystems can be evaluated. We measured extractable soil organic N (ESON), microbial biomass N (MBN), and the net production rates of ESON in red oak-dominated remnant forests, along an urban-rural gradient in the New York City metropolitan area. We were interested in (1) determining the seasonal dynamics of ESON and MBN, and (2) examining whether the contrasts in land use (urban, suburban, rural) surrounding these forest remnants were associated with different amounts of ESON and MBN. This field-based study was conducted continuously for 16 months. Yearly average ESON concentrations ranged from 60 to 140 mg kg−1 soil organic matter (SOM), 3-4 times those of inorganic N, and average MBN ranged from 600 to 1100 mg kg−1 SOM. There was a considerable MBN increase in spring in all plots across the gradient. The average increase expressed on an areal basis (to a depth of 7.5 cm) ranged from 1.75 to 4.19 g N m−2. The N incorporated into the microbial biomass in spring was gradually released later in the growing season (the mean MBN decrease ranged from 1.11 to 3.82 g N m−2). The spring MBN increase could be an important retention mechanism for conserving soil inorganic N when plant N uptake may be low. The amplitude in the seasonal dynamics of ESON was far less than that of inorganic N, as was that of net ESON production rates when compared to net N mineralization. These suggest a closer coupling of plant N uptake with inorganic N, much more than with ESON. Both ESON and MBN were significantly higher in rural soils than in urban soils, and both concentrations were positively correlated with SOM content. The variation in ESON, MBN, or SOM associated with this urbanization gradient suggests that the form of N exported, the plant N budget and soil N retention mechanisms may be differentially affected by urban, suburban and rural land uses. 相似文献
14.
西藏高原自然生态系统转化为农田后提高了土壤的净矿化和净硝化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
A comparative study was conducted to determine the NH4^＋ and NO3^- concentrations in soil profiles and to examine the net nitrogen （N） mineralization and nitrification in adjacent forest, grassland, and cropland soils on the Tibetan Plateau. Cropland soil showed significantly higher inorganic N concentrations in soil profiles compared with forest and grassland soils. NO3^- -N accounted for 70%-90^ of inorganic N in cropland soil, while NH4^＋ -N was the main form of inorganic N in forest and grassland soils. The average net N mineralization rate at 0 20 cm depth was approximately twice in cropland soil （1.48 mg kg^-1 d^-1） as high as in forest （0.83 mg kg^-1 d^-1） or grassland soil （0.72 mg kg^-1 d^-1）. Cropland showed strong net nitrification, with the net rate almost equal to the total net N mineralization. Urea addition stimulated soil respiration, particularly in forest soil. Most urea-N, however, remained as NH4^＋ in forest and grassland soils, while NO3^- was the main form of inorganic N to increase in cropland soil. Higher rates of net nitrification in cropland soils suggest that land use change on the Tibetan Plateau may lead to high N losses through nitrate leaching. 相似文献
15.
亚热带典型农业小流域井水水质季节
变化与空间分布特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
井水是亚热带农业区域农民的饮用水源,其水质状况直接影响到当地农民的身体健康。本文选取亚热带典型农业小流域中井水铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)为研究对象,采用地统计学方法,分析其季节变化和空间分布特征。结果表明,研究区农户井水中NH4+-N、NO3--N、TN和TP含量在全年4个季节的平均值分别为0.05~0.10 mg(N)·L-1、3.0~4.9 mg(N)·L-1、3.4~5.1 mg(N)·L-1和0.03~0.17 mg(P)·L-1,超标率分别为2.3%、10.4%、9.5%和7.9%。在季节动态变化上,NH4+-N在全年变化不显著(P0.05),这主要与土壤的吸附有关;而NO3--N、TN和TP均在夏季达到最高,春季最低,并且两个季节之间的变化具有显著性(P0.05),这主要与农业施肥活动和降水条件有关。在空间变异性上,NH4+-N、NO3--N、TN和TP含量在各季节的块金值与基台值的比值都为0,并且各变量在各季节的变程各不相同,说明这4个变量在各季节分别在不同尺度范围内表现出较强的空间自相关性。在空间分布上,NH4+-N、NO3--N、TN和TP含量都具有斑块状分布,而斑块的位置、大小和形状各不相同。NO3--N和TN在全年的空间分布与研究区地形和土地利用方式有关,在东南部和西南部地势较低的水稻种植区含量较高,而在北部地势较高的林地含量较低。而NH4+-N和TP的空间变异系数高于NO3--N和TN,这主要是由于NH4+-N易被土壤吸附,而磷素在土壤中易被固定,迁移较困难,导致NH4+-N和TP在不同地方的含量差异比较大。地形、水文气候条件、土壤类型、土地利用方式和农业施肥等是造成亚热带农业区域井水水质季节动态变化和空间分布格局差异的主要因素。 相似文献
16.
通过测定京郊连续冬小麦-玉米大田和不同种植年限菜地表层土壤悬浮液氮素组分及其含量,模拟测定土壤易流失氮素组分,从而为氮素高效管理提供基础数据。结果表明：菜园土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、有效磷、矿质氮等指标大大高于大田土壤,且表现出明显的酸化现象。大田和菜地土壤悬浮液均含有可观的氮素：悬浮液总氮（TSN）为124.42～355.41 mg.kg-1,其中大田土壤一半左右为颗粒状氮,而菜地土壤2/3以上为可溶性氮;可溶性全氮（TDN）范围为55.53～220.51 mg.kg-1,其中主要是可溶性无机氮（DIN）,范围为28.00～171.92 mg.kg-1,可溶性有机氮（DON）为27.53～81.74 mg.kg-1;颗粒状氮（PN）为70.90～134.90 mg.kg-1。各种氮素组分及其含量,菜地土壤远远高于大田土壤,且随着蔬菜种植时间的延长差异扩大。京郊菜地土壤氮素流失风险极大,对水体构成巨大的威胁。 相似文献
17.
地中海生态系统中可溶性有机N研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in soils has recently gained increasing interest because it may be both a direct N source for plants and the dominant available N form in nutrient-poor soils, however, its prevalence in Mediterranean ecosystems remains unclear. The aims of this study were to i) estimate soil DON in a wide set of Mediterranean ecosystems and compare this levels with those for other ecosystems; ii) describe temporal changes in DON and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) forms (NH4+ and NO3? ), and characterize spatial heterogeneity within plant communities; and iii) study the relative proportion of soil DON and DIN forms as a test of Schimel and Bennett’s hypothesis that the prevalence of different N forms follows a gradient of nutrient availability. The study was carried out in eleven plant communities chosen to represent a wide spectrum of Mediterranean vegetation types, ranging from early to late successional status. DON concentrations in the studied Mediterranean plant communities (0-18.2 mg N kg-1) were consistently lower than those found in the literature for other ecosystems. We found high temporal and spatial variability in soil DON for all plant communities. As predicted by the Schimel and Bennett model for nutrient-poor ecosystems, DON dominance over ammonium and nitrate was observed for most plant communities in winter and spring soil samples. However, mineral-N dominated over DON in summer and autumn. Thus, soil water content may have an important effect on DON versus mineral N dominance in Mediterranean ecosystems. 相似文献
18.
Understanding the fate and turnover of the pools that comprise dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in soil is key to determining its role in ecosystem functioning. We investigated seasonal changes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) concentrations within four molecular weight (MW) size fractions across an altitudinal gradient (from lowland to montane systems), and quantified individual amino acids and amino acid constituents of oligopeptidic-N, as well as nitrate and ammonium. We tested two ideas: first, that DON is more abundant than DIN in low-productivity relative to high-productivity grassland ecosystems; and second, that the abundance of peptides and amino acids is likewise greater in low- than high-productivity grassland. The most productive site had a history of inorganic fertiliser application, and hence in this site alone DIN was more abundant than DON. Plant productivity varied 3-fold between the other sites, and DON was generally at higher concentrations in the sites of lower productivity both in absolute terms as well as relative to DIN, with a large increase observed in spring. The fraction containing the highest concentration of the DON had a MW of >100 kDa, and in summer and autumn this fraction was more abundant at the lowest productivity site. We conclude that relationships between the abundance of DON relative to DIN and ecosystem productivity is dependent on season, and hence more complex than previously suggested, and that peptides are a dynamic and potentially nutritionally significant component of DON. 相似文献
19.
华北平原典型农田CO2和N2O排放通量及其与土壤养分动态和施肥的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对华北平原小麦-棉花(麦棉)、小麦-大豆(麦豆)、小麦-玉米(麦玉)轮作田的CO2和N2O排放通量进行了测定,分析了温室气体排放通量与土壤中碳、氮元素、气温以及施肥等之间的关系。主要结论:1)麦棉、麦豆、麦玉田的土壤CO2平均排放通量分别为CO2-C 141.7、109.8、128.2 mg.m-2.h-1,其中夏播作物的排放通量高于小麦季;2)麦棉、麦豆及麦玉田作物生长季的土壤N2O平均排放通量分别为N2O-N 98.8、38.9、44.7μg.m-2.h-1,也表现为麦后季作物的排放量高于小麦季;3)同一生育期中不同处理的N2O排放主要与土壤中无机氮含量相关,不同生育期的N2O排放通量主要受不同生育期的土壤温度及水分状况的影响;4)在施肥灌溉后的9 d内土壤N2O排放通量较高,之后逐渐降低,至施肥后22～27 d即与不施肥处理的排放持平。 相似文献
20.
探究草地植被格局与土壤水源涵养功能的关系,对于评价和有效利用土壤及草地植被资源起着重要的作用。以黄河源区的高寒草地生态系统为研究对象,运用MODIS数据构建土壤水源涵养功能模型并探究其时空变化特征,明确草地植被的时空变化规律,以耦合协调度理论为基础探讨二者耦合关系的季节性变化和空间分布特征。结果表明：(1)2000—2021年土壤水源涵养功能指数和综合植被指数在各个季节上均呈增加趋势,22年的季平均值表现为夏季和秋季高于春季和冬季;(2)2000—2021年各个季节土壤水源涵养功能—植被(SWCF—VEG)的耦合协调度基本上均呈增加趋势,同时各土层深度耦合协调度值的空间分布差异明显,且在季节上表现为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季;(3)2000—2021年季节上各草地类型的SWCF—VEG耦合协调度均为增加趋势;各季节温性草原不同土层深度耦合协调度的平均值均最大,且夏季、秋季和冬季各草地类型的值均表现为10—20 cm>0—10 cm;各草地类型不同季节的耦合协调发展类型各异。研究结果为黄河源区草地植被与土壤水源涵养功能的耦合关系提供高效定量的时空分析方法,可为草地植被... 相似文献