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1.
Resistance of 37Citrullus lanatus L. lines to the carmine spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval), was evaluated in three laboratory experiments, each including seven plants per line. Infestation with ten adult
female mites per leaf, of each plant, was done at the three-leaf stage. In experiment A, average counts 10 days after infestation
of three leaves ranged from 42 to 144 mites per leaf. In experiment B, average counts 8 days after infestation of two leaves
ranged from 40 to 286 mites per leaf. In experiment C, average counts 8 days after infestation of two leaves ranged from 15
to 196 mites per leaf. The results suggest that a definite variation in resistance against mite infestation exists among watermelon
lines.
Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization. No. 1082-E, 1993 series. 相似文献
2.
杀虫剂对硃砂叶螨某些生物学特性的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
溴氰菊酯、氧化乐果、杀虫脒和三氯杀螨醇对硃砂叶螨连续选择3代后,该螨对这些药剂的敏感度分别降低了6.23、1.16、1.23和2.24倍。而4种药剂12个轮换用药组合的敏感度则有不同程度的提高。组建雌性生命表表明,4种药剂对各螨态历期均有不同程度的缩短,Ro、γm、λ各值以溴氰菊酯最高,分别为23.191、0.213、1.139;氧化乐果LC50处理组各数值亦略高于对照组,分别为21.548、0.204、1.226;杀虫脒、三氯杀螨醇处理组各数值略低于对照组。田间试验证实,连续用药3次的三氯杀螨醇、杀虫脒和氧化乐果的较高浓度处理区均能大大降低螨群数量,而溴氰菊酯处理区的螨群数量比对照区高出6.39和8.77倍,认为溴氢菊酯对叶螨的毒性低、刺激增殖、驱使分散和杀伤灭敌而诱使叶螨发生再猖獗。 相似文献
3.
棉叶螨危害对棉花生理和产量的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
棉叶螨危害致使棉花生理和代谢发生紊乱是造成棉花减产的内在原因。1984—1985年,作者采用人工接螨和控制螨量的方法,任其自然繁殖28天,使各处理株间出现螨量和被害指数梯度,然后测定各处理株主要生理参数及其产量。结果表明,当全株每叶初接螨量在5头以上、螨群最高繁殖量高于35头时,处理株比对照株组织水势增高13.11—34.31％;叶绿素含量减少39.60—62.50％;光合强度减弱23.47—89.29％;过氧化氢酶活性降低22.79—48.04％;呼吸强度变化差异不显著。棉叶中可溶性糖、全氮、全磷损失显著,营养恶化。单株籽棉重降低35.18—45.10％,平均铃重降低24.34—35.53％。据此,确定棉叶螨防治标准为全株平均每叶螨量20头。 相似文献
4.
Four spider species and the predacious mitePhytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot) were examined in the laboratory for their capacity to feed on the carmine spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval). The adult females ofChiracanthium mildei L. Koch showed the highest capacity for feeding onT. cinnabarinus (27.5 mites/day) and differed significantly from all other spider species, including the immatureC. mildei which consumed an average of 18.9 mites/day — nearly equal to that of the Oxyopidae species (16.8 mites/day). The salticid
(10.1 mites/day) and theridiid (9.5 mites/day) spider species had the lowest capacity, which was nearly equal to that of the
predacious miteP. persimilis (11.3 mites/day). Results indicate that spiders play an important role as mite predators. 相似文献
5.
Lin He Xiwu Gao Jinjun Wang Zhimo Zhao Nannan Liu 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2009,95(3):147-151
The carmine spider mite is the most serious crop mite pests in China. Abamectin has been used to control insects and mites worldwide but carmine spider mites, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, had developed resistance to it. Genetic research on insecticide resistance has been fundamental for understanding the resistance development, studying resistance mechanisms, and designing appropriate resistance management strategies to control insect pests. A resistant colony of T. cinnabarinus, RRG42, was established to examine the inheritance of abamectin resistance in T. cinnabarinus. The females of T. cinnabarinus were selected for bioassay using a slide dip method. After 42 generations of selection, the RRG42 strain was 8.7-fold resistant to abamectin compared with the susceptible strain (SS). The logarithm (log) concentration–probit response curve for F1s from reciprocal crosses, of F1RS and F1SR, were inclined to that for SS and the degree of dominance (D) values for F1s were −0.81 and −0.17. There was a significant difference in values of LC50 and slope of log concentration–probit lines between F1RS and F1SR. The observed mortalities of BC1 (F1RS♀ × RRG42♂) and BC1′ (F1SR♀ × SS♂) were significantly different from the expected mortalities based on a monogenic resistance in the chi-square tests. The inheritance of abamectin resistance in T. cinnabarinus is incompletely recessive and may be controlled by more than one gene. The maternal or cytoplasmic effect may exist in the inheritance of resistance to abamectin in T. cinnabarinus. 相似文献
6.
R. Aly F. Mansour F. A. Moch M. Edelstein D. Libman E. Meiri Y. M. Shiboleth A. Gal-On 《Phytoparasitica》2005,33(2):177-186
Control of the spider miteTetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval is problematic, and there is a pressing need for efficient, non-hazardous and inexpensive strategies for limiting
the damage it causes. The gene for the anti-bacterial peptide sarcotoxin IA of the flesh flySarcophaga peregrina was cloned into the nonpathogenic potyvirus-based vector system ZYMV-AGII (Zucchini yellow mosaic virus-AGII). Expression of this peptidevia the AGII vector was detected in infected squash leaves and was not deleterious to the host plant. Leaf discs of squash infected
with the recombinant virus AGII-sarcotoxin IA were tested for spider mite control under laboratory conditions. Spider mite
egg production on plants expressing the sarcotoxin IA gene was decreased by a factor of two or three compared with that on
AGII-infected plants or healthy leaf discs, respectively. In contrast to its effect on oviposition, sarcotoxin IA expressing
squash did not significantly affect the mortality and the ability to repel spider mites. Crude extract from squash leaves
infected with AGII-sarcotoxin IA was also found to cause a significant decrease of mite fecundity compared with extracts from
AGII-treated or healthy plants and also caused a rise in mite mortality. Our results demonstrate that sarcotoxin IA affects
mite fecundity and, to a lesser degree, mortality, and shows potential for controlling spider mites in the field. 相似文献
7.
8.
F. Mansour 《Phytoparasitica》1988,16(3):239-245
Dosage mortality data for 12 pesticides were determined with females of an insecticide-susceptible strain of the carmine spider
mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisd.), by the slide dip method; for four of the pesticides which are specific acaricides, also the Munger cell method
was used. The LC50s ranged from 0.00078% to 0.041%, with the synthetic pyrethroids being more toxic than the specific acaricides. There were
no differences in results between the two assay methods.
Four synthetic pyrethroids that were very active againstT. cinnabarinus in laboratory tests were examined in an unsprayed apple orchard for their effect on the population density of spider mites.
An upsurge of tetranychid mites was noted 4 weeks after a single application 相似文献
9.
Two colonies of the carmine spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisd.), were raised on beans in the laboratory. One originated from roses in a greenhouse which had received acaricidal treatments, and the other fromViola odorata L. in a garden where no pesticides had been used. Laboratory evaluation indicated that the greenhouse strain was highly resistant to dicofol (Kelthane) and bromopro-pylate (Neoron), moderately resistant to propargite (Omite), and slightly resistant to cyhexatin (Plictran); in the garden strain, there was no resistance to any of these acaricides. On a strain of carmine spider mites which was identified and defined as resistant, several acaricides were evaluated in the laboratory for their contact toxicity to the mite by the slide dip method, and for their contact plus stomach toxicity by exposing the mites to sprayed leaves. Some of these acaricides were later tested in the field on two undetermined populations. Cyhexatin, triazophos (Hostathion), fentrifanil (PP-199) and R-28627 killed more than 90% of the mites by both methods and were effective in the field. NC-13292 was an ovicide only. Proclonol (R-8284) had a good effect in the slide dip method but was not so effective in the leaf exposure test. The compounds tested were phytotoxic to rose foliage only, but triazophos burned all the crops tested. 相似文献
10.
The species composition and seasonal cycle ofTetranychus urticae Koch (two-spotted spider mite) andEotetranychus uncatus Garman (garman spider mite; the two species were evaluated together),Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher) (hawthom red spider nite),Panonychus ulni (Koch) (European red mite),Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten) (brown mite) (Acari Tetranychidae),Cenopalpus pulcher Can and Fanz. (flat scarlet mite) (Tenuipalpidae) and their natural enemies (Phytoseiidae and Stigmaeidae family members)
were compared in two apple orchards during the years 2000 to 2002 in Tokat, Turkey. One orchard was pesticide-free, and the
other was sprayed. Surveys were carried out once a week from April to November and the differences in the dominant species
of spider mites and phytoseiid mites between the two orchards were recorded. In the sprayed orchard, the dominant phytophagous
mites wereA. vienensis andP. ulmi whereas in the unsprayed orchardE uncatus andC pulcher were abundant. It was found that the predatory mites were able to control spider mites in the unsprayed orchard, but the
population level was not adequate to control them in the sprayed orchard, presumably due to the excessive use of pesticides. 相似文献
11.
BACKGROUND: The carmine spider mite (CSM), Tetranychus cinnabarinus, is the most harmful mite pest of various crops and vegetable plants. Pyrethroid insecticide fenpropathrin has been used to control insects and mites worldwide, but CSM has developed resistance to this compound. RESULTS: Three synergists together eliminated about 50% resistance against fenpropathrin in the CSM. A point mutation was identified from the sodium channel gene of fenpropathrin‐resistant CSM (FeR) by comparing cDNA sequences between FeR and susceptible (S) sodium channel genes, which caused a phenylalanine (F) to isoleucine (I) change at amino acid 1538 position in IIIS6 of the sodium channel and has been proven to confer strong resistance to pyrethroid in other species. The mRNA expression of the sodium channel gene in the FeR and abamectin‐resistant strain (AbR), which was included as a control, were both relatively lower than in the S. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that a mutation (F1538I) is present in the sodium channel gene in FeR of CSM, likely playing an important role in fenpropathrin resistance in T. cinnabarinus, but that decrease in the abundance of sodium channel did not confer this resistance. The F1538I mutation could be used as a molecular marker for detecting kdr resistance in Arachnida populations. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
12.
13.
Extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed kernels prepared from various solvents affected the behavior and fecundity of the carmine spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisd.). Bean leaf discs freshly sprayed with different concentrations of the extracts strongly repelled the females from the treated leaves and egg-laying was reduced. On the basis of EC 50s for both parameters, the order of effectiveness of the extracts was pentane > chloroform >n-butanol > acetone > methanol > H2 0 (inactive). The activity decreased with increasing dielectric constant of the extracting solvent. The chloroform and butanol extracts in the original solvents were phytotoxic. Bean leaf discs 7 days after spraying with the pentane and acetone extracts, still caused mortality and reduction in fecundity of adult females, but no repellency. The acetone and the pentane extracts sprayed directly on adult female mites on bean leaf discs, caused repellency and reduction of fecundity and also mortality of adults. 相似文献
14.
《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2010,96(3):147-151
The carmine spider mite is the most serious crop mite pests in China. Abamectin has been used to control insects and mites worldwide but carmine spider mites, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, had developed resistance to it. Genetic research on insecticide resistance has been fundamental for understanding the resistance development, studying resistance mechanisms, and designing appropriate resistance management strategies to control insect pests. A resistant colony of T. cinnabarinus, RRG42, was established to examine the inheritance of abamectin resistance in T. cinnabarinus. The females of T. cinnabarinus were selected for bioassay using a slide dip method. After 42 generations of selection, the RRG42 strain was 8.7-fold resistant to abamectin compared with the susceptible strain (SS). The logarithm (log) concentration–probit response curve for F1s from reciprocal crosses, of F1RS and F1SR, were inclined to that for SS and the degree of dominance (D) values for F1s were −0.81 and −0.17. There was a significant difference in values of LC50 and slope of log concentration–probit lines between F1RS and F1SR. The observed mortalities of BC1 (F1RS♀ × RRG42♂) and BC1′ (F1SR♀ × SS♂) were significantly different from the expected mortalities based on a monogenic resistance in the chi-square tests. The inheritance of abamectin resistance in T. cinnabarinus is incompletely recessive and may be controlled by more than one gene. The maternal or cytoplasmic effect may exist in the inheritance of resistance to abamectin in T. cinnabarinus. 相似文献
15.
16.
Farzaneh-Sadat Seyed-Talebi Katayoon Kheradmand Reza Talaei-Hassanloui Khalil Talebi-Jahromi 《Phytoparasitica》2014,42(3):405-412
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most important pests in agriculture. Due to its short life cycle and high reproductive rate, this pest has become resistant to most acaricides. Therefore, finding alternative control strategies for this damaging pest is necessary. Application of microbiological agents with minimum concentrations of acaricides is a very suitable tactic in integrated pest management. In the present study, lethal effects of a chemical acaricide – spirodiclofen, and an Iranian strain of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, were evaluated on different life stages of the two-spotted spider mite on two host plants, bean and cucumber. In the next step, compatibility of acaricide with the fungus was studied regarding conidial germination and vegetative growth of the fungus in the presence of different concentrations of the acaricide. Finally, the acaricide at rates of LC25 with the fungus at LC50 were sprayed on adult female mites. The results showed that immature stages of T. urticae were more susceptible to the acaricide whereas the adults were more susceptible to the fungus. Also, mites reared on cucumber were significantly more susceptible to the acaricide and fungus than those reared on bean. Spirodiclofen and the fungus had a synergistic effect; percentage of mortality for fungus infection was 48.6% and 53.5% on bean and cucumber, respectively, while it was 80.6% on bean and 84.5% on cucumber when the mite was sprayed with both the fungus and the acaricide. 相似文献
17.
The development and reproductive rates ofTetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval (Acari: Tetranychidae), the carmine spider mite, were studied on two strawberry cultivars (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.; ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Sweet Charlie’) at three NaCl concentrations, 1760, 2400 and 3040 mgl
−1, and control. The effects of NaCl application on the contents of plant nutrients, chlorophyll, proline, peroxidase activity
(POX) and proteins were assessed. On Camarosa,T. cinnabarinus had a faster development rate with applications of NaCl than without, except for female development at the highest salinity
level. The total development time of females increased with the NaCl concentration, whereas total development time of males
decreased. The oviposition period and female longevity on Camarosa was significantly longer in the control than with NaCl,
whereas daily and total fecundity were significantly higher at all NaCl concentrations than in the control, except for total
fecundity at the lowest salinity level. The total development time, oviposition period, female longevity, daily and total
fecundity on Sweet Charlie did not differ significantly between NaCl salinity levels and the control. The intrinsic rate of
natural increase (r
m
) on Camarosa and Sweet Charlie were significantly higher with NaCl than in the control. However, the contents of Na, Cl,
P, chlorophyll, proline, POX and protein in the two strawberry cultivars changed depending on NaCl concentration. On the other
hand, the K and N contents were not affected significantly by NaCl salinity.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 19, 2006. 相似文献
18.
本试验利用玻璃房中盆栽棉花,研究了硃砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)为害对棉花生理活动的影响。试验结果显示,螨害棉株生理活动发生了很大变化。螨害棉叶叶绿素含量减少,气孔阻力增大,蒸腾强度减弱,导致光合作用强度的降低。受害棉叶还表现细胞膜透性的增加,过氧化物酶同工酶和酯酶同工酶酶谱都发生了变化。棉叶氨基酸总量和可溶性蛋白质含量随为害程度的增加而减少。所测17种氨基酸,多数含量减少,以谷氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸减少量最多,但半胱氨酸含量积累增加。故此可以认为螨害影响了棉叶有机氮正常合成和分解的过程。 相似文献
19.
玉米抵御玉蜀黍尾孢菌侵入的生理机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为深入探讨玉米抗灰斑病的机制,以抗/感玉米灰斑病自交系78599-1、OH43Ht N和掖478、K12为材料,采用比色皿法和RT-PCR法相结合研究了接种玉蜀黍尾孢菌毒素后玉米叶片中防御酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及防御酶合成相关基因SOD、CAT、APX和GR的表达量。结果显示,接种该病菌毒素后,抗、感材料叶片中防御酶活性均升高,多数在接种7 d时达到峰值,且抗病材料防御酶活性峰值高于感病材料;供试材料叶片中MDA含量均降低,且抗病材料低于感病材料;供试材料叶片中SOD、CAT和GR的表达量均上升,其中CAT的表达量在78599-1、掖478和K12接种5d时达到峰值,灰度值分别为228.67、161.33和178.00,与其酶活性变化趋势一致;SOD和GR的变化规律与其酶活性变化不一致;APX的表达量仅在OH43Ht N中上升,接种7 d后达到峰值。表明抗病材料调控防御酶活性的能力强,防御酶基因的表达与其酶活性变化存在关联性。 相似文献
20.
棉叶螨也称为棉红蜘蛛,属蛛形纲叶螨科,其种类繁多,分布范围广,世代周期短,是为害棉花的一类重要害螨。目前,用于防治棉叶螨的化学药剂主要是神经毒剂及呼吸抑制剂2大类,且棉叶螨对多数药剂产生了不同程度的抗性,以二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae为首的植食性害螨已成为世界上抗药性最严重的节肢动物之一。美国路易斯安那州棉田二斑叶螨种群对阿维菌素产生了1 415倍抗性,而国内棉花上棉叶螨主要对有机磷类药剂产生了较强抗性,最高为467倍。棉叶螨产生抗药性的机制主要涉及靶标突变及解毒代谢增强,其中靶标突变主要涉及乙酰胆碱酯酶、电压门控钠离子通道和谷氨酸门控氯离子通道等;细胞色素P450单加氧酶、羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶等一种或多种解毒酶共同参与害螨对化学药剂的解毒代谢。该文主要从棉叶螨的种类及分布、用于防治棉叶螨的化学药剂、棉叶螨的抗药性现状、抗药性机制解析和抗药性治理策略5个方面进行阐述,提出因地制宜的抗药性治理策略,旨在为棉叶螨的田间防治提供指导。 相似文献