共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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苏北沿海地区旱直播稻田纹枯病重发原因分析与综合防治技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据近年来大丰市旱直播稻田纹枯病发生实况,分析苏北沿海地区旱直播稻田纹枯病重发原因,提出相应的综合防治技术,该技术对苏北沿海地区旱直播稻田纹枯病的防治具有指导意义。 相似文献
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水稻直播简化栽培技术是指在水稻栽培过程中省去育秧和移栽作业,在本田里直接播上谷种栽培水稻的技术。本文重点探讨来安县在发展水稻轻简化栽培中水、旱直播稻的播种、除草、施肥、病虫害防治等关键技术。 相似文献
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<正> 近年来我队防治水稻恶苗病基本上使用药剂“恶苗灵”,由于种子消毒条件不足(有些单位无加温室),或操作方法不当,致使水稻恶苗病有轻度发生。为杜绝水稻恶苗病的为害,选用新药剂“溴硝醇”进行种子消毒试验,以选择最佳处理方法,做到因陋就简达到彻底消毒为目的。 相似文献
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<正> 宁夏灌区直播稻,有机械旱直播、水点播两种主要方式。五十年代初最先由灵武农场试验推广旱直播水稻。据不完全统计,1989年全灌区直播稻的面积已发展到29.33万亩,约占灌区水稻总面积的34％。农垦系统11个种水稻农场,除巴浪湖农场搞的水点播外,其余10个农场30多年来一直坚持机械旱直播。直播水稻可全 相似文献
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不同机直播方式对南方优质晚籼稻产量及抗倒伏特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】研究不同机直播方式对南方优质晚籼稻茎秆抗倒伏能力及产量的影响,为南方优质晚籼稻高产抗倒栽培提供参考。【方法】以籼型常规稻品种黄华占和籼型杂交稻品种泰优398为材料,设置旱直播、湿直播和淹水直播3个处理,分别测定优质晚籼稻的产量及产量构成、出苗率、干物质生产、叶面积指数和茎秆形态与力学特性。【结果】与湿直播方式或淹水直播方式相比,旱直播方式可显著提高供试晚稻品种的出苗率,增幅为6.10% ~ 22.96%,且干物质生产和叶面积指数均增加。同时,旱直播方式有利于提高供试晚稻品种产量,两品种增产幅度为6.99%~27.77%,其中泰优398产量增幅高于黄华占,从产量构成因素来看,机械旱直播方式下供试晚稻品种产量的提高主要得益于有效穗数增加。此外,旱直播方式下供试水稻株高相对较矮,基部各节间较短,但茎秆粗壮,茎壁较厚,有利于提高植株茎秆抗折力和秆型指数,降低弯曲力矩与倒伏指数。相关分析表明,茎粗、壁厚和秆型指数与抗折力显著正相关,而与倒伏指数显著负相关;株高、穗长、弯曲力矩与抗折力显著负相关,与倒伏指数显著正相关。【结论】采用机械旱直播方式不仅有利于增加南方优质晚籼稻产量,还能显著增加茎秆强度,提高植株抗倒伏能力,降低直播生产的风险。 相似文献
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不同机直播方式对南方优质晚籼稻产量及抗倒伏特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
【目的】研究不同机直播方式对南方优质晚籼稻茎秆抗倒伏能力及产量的影响，为南方优质晚籼稻高产抗倒栽培提供参考。【方法】以籼型常规稻品种黄华占和籼型杂交稻品种泰优398为材料，设置旱直播、湿直播和淹水直播3个处理，分别测定优质晚籼稻的产量及产量构成、出苗率、干物质生产、叶面积指数和茎秆形态与力学特性。【结果】与湿直播方式或淹水直播方式相比，旱直播方式可显著提高供试晚稻品种的出苗率，增幅为6.10% ~ 22.96%，且干物质生产和叶面积指数均增加。同时，旱直播方式有利于提高供试晚稻品种产量，两品种增产幅度为6.99%~27.77%，其中泰优398产量增幅高于黄华占，从产量构成因素来看，机械旱直播方式下供试晚稻品种产量的提高主要得益于有效穗数增加。此外，旱直播方式下供试水稻株高相对较矮，基部各节间较短粗、壁厚和秆型指数与抗折力显著正相关，而与倒伏指数显著负相关；株高、穗长、弯曲力矩与抗折力显著负相关，与倒伏指数显著正相关。【结论】采用机械旱直播方式不仅有利于增加南方优质晚籼稻产量，还能显著增加茎秆强度，提高植株抗倒伏能力，降低直播生产的风险。，但茎秆粗壮，茎壁较厚，有利于提高植株茎秆抗折力和秆型指数，降低弯曲力矩与倒伏指数。相关分析表明，茎 相似文献
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以常规中籼稻黄华占为材料，采用温室大棚旱育秧方式，研究不同育秧剂对陕南稻麦油两熟区机插秧秧苗素质与栽插质量的影响。结果表明，温室大棚旱育秧方式下，秧苗适栽期为播种后31～38 d，大田栽插穴苗数为5苗/穴；秧苗综合品质比较，表现为育秧基质＞旱育保姆＞育秧伴侣＞对照CK；大田栽插比较，育秧基质效果最佳，呈现返青快，单株分蘖高的特点；经济性状比较，表现出育秧基质＞旱育保姆＞育秧伴侣的总体效果。合理筛选育秧剂和栽插条件，能提高秧苗素质，改善群体发育动态，实现增穗增粒，提高产量，有效促进机械化稻作技术在本地区的推广。 相似文献
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Hiroyuki Ikeda Akihiko Kamoshita Junko Yamagishi Makara Ouk Bunna Lor 《Paddy and Water Environment》2008,6(1):91-103
In order to assess direct seeding of rice technology to cope with future agricultural labor shortage in Cambodia, agronomic
experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to compare direct seeding with transplanting under three water conditions (non-flooded,
shallow flooded, and deep flooded conditions) with/without weed control by herbicides (bentazone and cyhalofop-butyl) for
two Cambodian rice varieties (shorter stature and early maturity Sen Pidao, taller stature and longer maturity Phka Rumduol).
Average rice yield in 2 years was lower in direct seeding (341 g m−2) than transplanting (404 g m−2), but interaction components with year, varieties, water conditions, and weed management were significant, and the attained
maximum yield of direct seeding (510 and 464 g m−2 for Phka Rumduol variety in shallow flooded condition with weeding in 2005 and 2006, respectively) was similar to that of
transplanting. Plant length and dry weight of rice were reduced in non-flooded and deep flooded conditions compared with shallow
flooded condition, and grain yield was the highest in shallow flooded condition. Yield advantage of Phka Rumduol over Sen
Pidao increased under direct seeding, particularly under non-flooded conditions in 2005 because weed infestation was more
suppressed in Phka Rumduol even without weeding. Increase in 100 g m−2 of weed infestation prior to heading (dry weight basis) reduced about 20% of attainable yield with weed control. This study
identified importance of stature and growth duration of rice varieties and presence of standing water as well as the weed
control, in order to develop and extend direct seeding in the Cambodia. 相似文献
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Y. SinghV.P. Singh G. SinghD.S. Yadav R.K.P. SinhaD.E. Johnson A.M. Mortimer 《Field Crops Research》2011,121(1):64-74
The implications of adopting alternative seeding methods for rice and wheat establishment were examined at three geographically separate sites in the rice-wheat system of the Indo-Gangetic plains, across northern India. Rice yields in cultivated plots, established by either wet or dry seeding methods, were evaluated in comparison to yields from zero-tillage plots and under conventional transplanting methods. In the same trials, the effects of crop establishment methods in wheat were assessed both on wheat yields and rice yields. Rice crop establishment methods markedly influenced the emerging weed flora and attainable yields were measured in relation to intensity of weed management. Over four years, average rice grain yields in the absence of weed competition were greatest (6.56 t ha−1) under wet seeding (sowing pre-germinated rice seed on puddled soil), and similar to those from transplanted rice (6.17 t ha−1) into puddled soil, and dry seeded rice after dry soil tillage (6.15 t ha−1). Lowest yields were observed from dry seeded rice sown without tillage (5.44 t ha−1). Rice yield losses due to uncontrolled weed growth were least in transplanted rice (12%) but otherwise large (c. 85%) where rice had been sown to dry cultivated fields or to puddled soil, rising to 98% in dry seeded rice sown without soil tillage. Weed competition reduced multiple rice yield components, and weed biomass in wet seeded rice was six-fold greater that in rice transplanted into puddled soil and twice as much again in dry seeded rice sown either after dry tillage or without tillage. Wheat grain yields were significantly higher from crops sown into tilled soil (3.89 t ha−1) than those sown without tillage (3.51 t ha−1), and also were elevated (5% on average) where the soil had been dry cultivated in preparation for the previous rice crops rather than puddled. The method of wheat cultivation did not influence rice yield. Soil infiltration rates in the wheat season were least where the land had been puddled for rice (1.52 mm h−1), and greater where the soil had been dry-tilled (2.63 mm h−1) and greatest after zero-tillage (3.54 mm h−1).These studies demonstrated at research managed sites across a wide geographic area, and on farmers’ fields, that yields of dry seeded rice sown after dry cultivation of soil were broadly comparable with those of transplanted rice, providing weed competition was absent. These results support the proposition that direct seeding of rice could provide an alternative to the conventional practice of transplanting, and help address rising costs and threats to sustainability in the rice-wheat rotation. Further, analysis of patterns of long-term rainfall data indicated that farmers reliant on monsoon rainfall could prepare fields for dry direct seeded rice some 30 days before they could prepare fields for either transplanting or seeding with pre-germinated seed. Dry, direct seeding of rice contributes a valuable component of an adaptive strategy to address monsoonal variability that also may advance the time of wheat establishment and yield. Whilst the results illustrate the robustness, feasibility and significant potential of direct seeded rice, they also highlight the critical nature of effective weed control in successful implementation of direct seeding systems for rice. 相似文献
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