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我国油茶产业发展面临的问题及对策 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
油茶业是我国传统的食用油产业,当前发展过程中正面临诸多困境,主要表现为：油茶生产的劳动力紧缺;油茶生产分散,品牌少;油茶产业性质不明,缺乏政策优惠;油茶生产区的生态环境恶化等。因而,要推动我国油茶业的发展,要积极实施农业补贴,引导油茶业发展;注重科技改进,提升油茶品质;生态化发展油茶业。 相似文献
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为有效鉴别出不同种油茶种苗,收集101份不同种油茶种苗作为试材,其中18份越南油茶、79份普通油茶、1份博白大果油茶、3份红花油茶,利用叶绿体基因组trnH-psbA和matK序列进行扩增并测序分析,随后对序列进行拼接及特征分析,并计算样本种间及种内遗传距离,构建系统发育树。结果表明：101份供试材料的trnH-psbA序列全长381 bp,有10个变异位点,可通过变异位点鉴别出越南油茶、红花油茶及部分普通油茶,系统发育树将越南油茶聚为一支,自展支持率为64%;matK序列全长797 bp,有5个变异位点,可通过变异位点鉴别出越南油茶、红花油茶及部分普通油茶,系统发育树将红花油茶聚为一支,越南油茶聚为一支,自展支持率分别为65%和64%。因此,trnH-psbA序列可对越南油茶进行有效鉴别,而matK序列可对越南油茶和红花油茶进行有效鉴别。该研究结果对避免油茶种苗混杂、规范海南油茶种苗市场有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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贵州省是我国油茶的主要产区之一,近年来新种植油茶林面积大,产量潜力大。本文论述了贵州省油茶加工业发展的现状,梳理了贵州省油茶加工产业发展存在不成规模、基础科研和精深加工技术薄弱、缺乏强势品牌和质量管理体系不健全等主要问题,针对性地提出贵州省油茶产业健康发展的关键是油茶加工业,并从推动油茶初加工转型升级、延伸油茶加工产业链,鼓励产业多元化发展、培育大中型油茶加工企业、实施品牌发展战略、打造科研中枢平台,加快技术创新与升级、完善产品质量标准体系等六个方面提出了贵州省油茶加工产业发展的相关建议和对策,以期推动贵州省油茶加工产业快速健康发展。 相似文献
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油茶（Camelliaoleifera）是山茶科（Theaceae）的一种特有的油料植物,具有重要的观赏价值和经济价值,随着油茶的集约化种植,病虫害大量发生,加之良种选育滞后,严重制约着油茶产业的发展。INDETERMINATE DOMAIN(IDD)家族是高等植物中一类保守的转录因子,通过介导植物内源激素进而调控植物的基础免疫反应。为鉴定油茶中IDD基因家族成员,本研究以油茶全基因组信息为参考,通过IDD基因家族保守结构域鉴定了29个油茶CoIDD基因家族成员,进一步明确了各基因的结构、理化性质、系统进化关系、亚细胞定位。通过RT-PCR克隆到1个与AtIDD4/5/6同源的CoIDD4基因,明确了其理化性质、表达模式及核定位信号,同时分析了其启动区顺式作用元件的类型。研究结果表明,29个CoIDD基因家族成员分为4个亚组,平均亲水系数均小于0,属于亲水性蛋白,且亚细胞定位均位于细胞核内;克隆到CoIDD4基因的全长ORF框包含1620bp碱基,编码539个氨基酸,主要在叶片和花器官中表达;该基因启动子区顺式作用元件主要是参与光响应和植物激素响应元件两大种类。综上所述,本研究在油茶中... 相似文献
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槐南乡油茶面积仅250hm2,资源总量少,未能形成产业格局,但槐南乡油茶林Ⅰ、Ⅱ类用地占74.2%,密度在1050株/hm2以上的油茶林占93.2%,树龄15-35年占98.9%,油茶林立地较好,密度合理,树龄均为盛产期,2008年平均产量为139.2kg/hm2,接近福建省高产油茶林产量。通过高效经营示范,增强农户油茶栽培积极性,建立区域油茶栽培规模化,能够促进油茶产业的形成。 相似文献
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不同砧木对海南油茶嫁接成活率和苗木生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以越南油茶(海南种源)、油茶‘岑软2号’(广西种源)、油茶‘湘林XLC15’(湖南种源)和高州油茶(广东种源)种子的芽苗为砧木,海南省新认定油茶新品种‘海油1号’春梢为接穗,研究4种砧木对其嫁接成活率、嫁接苗生长及养分含量的影响。结果表明:以越南油茶为砧木嫁接成活率最高,达95.0%,以油茶‘湘林XLC15’为砧木嫁接成活率最低,仅为50.0%;以越南油茶为砧木的2年生嫁接苗苗高、地径和总鲜重均为最高,分别达到50.75 cm、5.19 mm和38.64 g,其次为‘岑软2号’,高州油茶最低;不同砧木嫁接的苗木根冠比大小依次为高州油茶油茶‘湘林XLC15’越南油茶油茶‘岑软2号’;以越南油茶为砧木的嫁接苗叶片叶绿素含量最高,平均值达77.58,最低为‘湘林XLC15’;以越南油茶为砧木的嫁接苗总氮含量、总磷含量和总钾含量均最高,分别为849.23、667.58、532.98 mg。综合评价结果表明以本地越南油茶做砧木最适宜于‘海油1号’油茶的嫁接育苗,其次为油茶‘岑软2号’。研究结果为海南特色油茶的良种壮苗培育提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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Measurements of the thermal phyllochron in wheat using air temperature show a systematic variation with sowing date, with long phyllochrons for crops sown in autumn and winter, but shorter phyllochrons for sowings outside that range. Based on the hypothesis that the phyllochron is constant, two sources of error for the apparent variation in phyllochron are investigated, namely the site of temperature measurement (air or soil) and the implicit assumption that leaf appearance rate responds linearly to temperature. Measurements of the phyllochron from three sowings per annum for 6 years, from controlled environments, and from a sequence of sowings through an annual cycle are presented. The field results show similar systematic variation to that found elsewhere. However, for the annual cycle, calculations of the phyllochron based on soil temperature at 2 cm depth were much more stable than those based on air temperature. In addition, leaf appearance rate was linearly related to 2 cm soil temperatures across all environments, with a 0 °C intercept, and the optimum temperature was still not reached in the highest temperature treatment (30.9 °C soil temperature). Following earlier published work, we then show that the assumption that the phyllochron is constant, but that the controlling temperature at the apex is different from air temperature, requires a correction of less than 1 °C when sowing dates do not stray too much outside the range of normal practice. We show that the correction to air temperature is systematically related to sowing date, and a suitable correction can be made by using daylength some time after emergence as a predictive surrogate for seasonal variation in the air–apex temperature difference. We suggest that a model using such a predictor will improve predictions of leaf appearance rate over earlier functional models. However, we suggest that the observed response is caused by the physics of the system rather than the biology. 相似文献
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P. Mésochina W. Martin-Rosset † J.-L. Peyraud ‡ P. Duncan § D. Micol† S. Boulot¶ 《Grass and Forage Science》1998,53(2):189-196
Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R2= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r2= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r2= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r2= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands. 相似文献
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J. Trinette Van Marle Cees Van Dijk Alphons G. J. Voragen Elvis S. A. Biekman 《Potato Research》1994,37(2):183-195
Summary The potato cultivars Nicola and Irene were investigated with respect to cell sloughing, specific cell surface area, release
of pectic material and transfer of ions using a model cooking study. Both cell sloughing and the release of pectic material
were higher for the mealy-cooking cultivar Irene. As the respective cell size distributions measured were the same for both
cultivars, the difference in release of pectic material could not be explained by a difference in the specific cell surface
areas between the cultivars. Additionally, it was recorded that during cooking only 20% of the calcium present in non-cooked
tissue was transferred into the cooking medium, whereas more than 70% of potassium and citrate were transferred. The ratios
Da.citr2−/Da.K+ and Da.Ca2+/Da.K+ for water and cooked potato tissue revealed that in water, potassium ions diffused faster than citrate and calcium ions.
However, in cooked potato tissue both citrate and calcium ions diffused faster than potassium ions. 相似文献
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This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) modeling by Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm for predicting the colorimetric
values of the stripped cotton fabrics dyed using commercial reactive dyes. Achieving the expected efficiency in the application
of stripping process is a very important aspect for the success of the reproduction. In the study, the predictions of L* and ΔE colorimetric values of stripped cotton samples for different stripping applications by artificial neural network are reported.
We set up different network structures with different number of nodes in the hidden layer, the number of inputs and MSE of
results as stopping criteria in order to get the best fitting model. According to the result of the best neural network models
predicting L* and ΔE, we achieved 97 % of R for both of them. We are able to predict the L* value of the stripped samples using some working parameters as inputs with only 1.2 % error. We think that our results are
very promising and the predictions of L* and ΔE values of stripped samples before applying any process are possible using the ANN model set up in the study, especially for
L*. 相似文献
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In this paper, a hand-operating method (tiled test method) of the wool-blending sample is made out, and make use of the method,
the test of wool-blending bundle in different blending ratio is accomplished. According to the test data, the synthesis method
of the stretch curve is worked out and the synthesis software for the typical stretch curve of wool-blending bundle is designed.
Through laboratory hand-operating method, the blending fasciculus applying to fiber bundle test can be obtained in a short
time. Calculation for sampling is accomplished in the article. We bring up 9 new signs to describe the characteristics of
the curve behind peak for the first time: elongation behind peak (HE), elongation percentage behind peak (HEP), relative elongation rate behind peak (RHE), total break work (W
a), break work behind peak (HW), break work coefficient behind peak (HWC), elongation percentage of half-load behind peak (HEL), load percentage of half-elongation behind peak (HLE), break efficiency behind peak (HEC). 相似文献
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Marzia Vasarri Anna Maria De Biasi Emanuela Barletta Carlo Pretti Donatella Degl&#x;Innocenti 《Marine drugs》2021,19(9)
Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile is a Mediterranean-endemic angiosperm often described for its great ecological importance. Despite evidence of a millennia-old relationship between P. oceanica and humans, as well as traditional medicine applications, the potential benefits of P. oceanica for human health have been documented only recently. This review aims to compile newly acquired knowledge on P. oceanica bioactive properties that allow the scientific community to look at this plant as a promising source of natural therapeutical products for human health. Experimental investigations conducted in both in vitro cellular-based and in vivo animal models pave the way for new research projects aiming at the development of alternative and complementary therapeutic strategies based on P. oceanica against a wide range of pathological conditions. 相似文献
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D. G. CHAMBERLAIN P. A. MARTIN S. ROBERTSON E. A. HUNTER† 《Grass and Forage Science》1992,47(4):391-399
Four silages were prepared from grass treated with additives designed to produce different extents of fermentation in the silo. The additive treatments were: formic acid at 5 l t?1; a bacterial inoculant (Ecosyl, ICI plc); the inoculant plus molasses at 20 kg t?1; and a noadditive control. All silages were well preserved. Formic acid severely restricted the extent of fermentation, the concentration of lactic acid being only 50% of that seen for the other treatments, all of which were similar in lactic acid concentrations. The silages were offered ad libitum, either as the sole component of the diet or together with three supplement treatments to 16 British Friesian cows, in four 4 treatment × 4 period Latin squares with periods of 28 d duration. The supplements were: a barley-based mixture at 5 kg d?1 (B); a high-fat, high-protein product at 2 kg d?1 (FPI) and at 3 kg d ?1 (FP2); both FP treatments were given with 1 kg d?1 of molassed sugarbeet pulp. A preliminary experiment, using three lactating, rumen-cannulated cows in a 3×3 Latin square design with 28-d periods, provided information on rumen digestion when the supplements were given with a separate, non-experimental silage. In the preliminary experiment, neither of the FP treatments influenced the molar proportion of the major rumen volatile fatty acids compared with treatment B; nor were there any depressive effects of the FP treatments on silage intake compared with treatment B. In the main experiment, the intake of silage with the inoculant treatment was less than that with the other treatments, the effect being generally significant (at least P<0·05) for all three supplements. When the silages were given unsupplemented, there were differences in the concentration (P<0·001) and yield (P<0·01) of milk fat, both of which were lowest for the no-additive control and highest for the formic acid silage. When supplement B was given, the concentration and yield of milk fat were lowest for the no-additive control and the concentration and yield of milk protein were highest for the formic acid silage. For all silages both FP treatments tended to depress silage intake and reduce the concentration of fat and protein in milk compared with treatment B. Although there were clear indications of differences in nutritional characteristics between the silages, there was little evidence that the differences between silages influenced the responses to changes in the composition of the supplements. 相似文献
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The ‘black yeast’ Exophiala oligosperma R1 can utilise various organic nitriles under acidic conditions as nitrogen sources. The induction of a phenylacetonitrile converting activity was optimised by growing the strain in the presence of different nitriles and /or complex or inorganic nitrogen sources. The highest nitrile hydrolysing activity was observed with cells grown with 2-cyanopyridine and NaNO3. The cells metabolised the inducer and grew with 2-cyanopyridine as sole source of nitrogen. Cell extracts converted various (substituted) benzonitriles and phenylacetonitriles. They usually converted the isomers carrying a substituent in the meta-position with higher relative activities than the corresponding para- or ortho-substituted isomers. Aliphatic substrates such as acrylonitrile and 2-hydroxy-3-butenenitrile were also hydrolysed. The highest specific activity was detected with 4-cyanopyridine. Most nitriles were almost exclusively converted to the corresponding acids and no or only low amounts of the corresponding amides were formed. The cells hydrolysed amides only with extremely low activities. It was therefore concluded that the cells harboured a nitrilase activity. The specific activities of whole cells and cell extracts were compared for different nitriles and evidence obtained for limitation in the substrate-uptake by whole cells. The conversion of 2-hydroxy-3-butenenitrile to 2-hydroxy-3-butenoic acid at pH 4 demonstrated the unique ability of cells of E. oligosperma R1 to hydrolyse aliphatic α-hydroxynitriles under acidic conditions. The organism could grow with phenylacetonitrile as sole source of carbon, energy and nitrogen. The degradation of phenylacetonitrile presumably proceeds via phenylacetic acid, 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (homogentisate), maleylacetoacetate and fumarylacetoacetate. 相似文献
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茶树鲜叶抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性的变化规律及测定方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
探讨茶树鲜叶抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性的测定条件,分析不同茶树品种以及茶树鲜叶不同叶位APX活性的变化.结果表明:聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮(PVPP)加入量约为鲜叶重的1.5倍,酶提取液pH为7.8.反应液pH为7.O,抗坏血酸(AsA)浓度为0.50 mmol/L时茶树鲜叶APX活性最高;茶树鲜叶APX活性随冷藏时间的延长呈下降趋势;福建7个主要茶树品种以福鼎大白茶的APX活性最高,铁观音的APX活性最低;茶树鲜叶不同叶位APX活性变化趋势为:芽>第一叶>第二叶>第三叶>老叶>嫩茎. 相似文献
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C. D. Nwosu P. C. Ojimelukwe 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1993,43(3):267-272
Fermented products were developed from different proportions of melon (Citrullus vulgaris schrad) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea) seeds after a 96 hour fermentation period. Proximate analysis, carried out on both fermented and unfermented samples, indicated that only the total carbohydrate content was appreciably reduced by the fermentation process. Micro-organisms responsible for fermentation were identified by gram staining and lactophenol staining, as bacteria and fungi. Identified bacteria were of the Bacillus and Acinetobacter species while the fungi were yeasts, rhizopus and mucor. Samples containing 50–100% melon showed a decrease in pH with increasing fermentation period. Bacteria were largely responsible in samples containing up to 75% groundnuts. Sensory analysis of dried fermented products after fortification with salt, ascorbic acid and flour indicated that they were acceptable. 相似文献