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对噻呋酰胺防治水稻纹枯病的田间药效进行了试验。结果表明,用噻呋酰胺处理后,水稻纹枯病病穗率及病情指数均明显低于清水对照,但与对照药剂井·唏·三环唑处理相比没有明显差异。说明噻呋酰胺是一种防治水稻纹枯病的优良制剂,可在生产上大面积推广和应用。 相似文献
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水稻纹枯病、稻瘟病是目前湖南早稻生产上真正危害严重，造成大面积减产的主要病害，早稻缺乏优良的抗病品种，生长期间遭遇独特的气候变化，加之肥水管理失调，即无机氮肥施用量偏多偏迟，不晒田或晒田不及时，以及防治措施不落实等是造成病害流行的原因。种植优良抗病品种，加强以肥水管理为中心的栽培措施，减少初侵染来源，及时进行药剂防治乃是防治早稻病害的良策。 相似文献
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水稻纹枯病发病特点及防治措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在我国南方水稻种植区,纹枯病已成为限制水稻高产的首要病害,严重威胁水稻的品质和产量。本文在简要阐明水稻纹枯病发病症状和病害流行特点的基础上,提出了农业防治、生物防治、抗病育种和化学防治相结合的综合防治技术,以期为水稻纹枯病的防控提供一定的参考依据。 相似文献
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不同药剂对水稻纹枯病防治效果的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对不同药剂防治水稻纹枯病效果研究,结果表明,参试的药剂对水稻纹枯病的防治都有一定的效果,相对防效最好的是满穗,防治效果54.5%,产量634.0 kg/667 m2,比清水对照增产76.2 kg/667 m2,增产率为13.7%。 相似文献
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水稻纹枯病拮抗细菌的评价与利用 总被引：33，自引：5，他引：33
从稻田土壤、纹枯菌菌核、病斑和水稻植株上共分离获得1437个细菌分离物。在离体条件下测定它们对水稻纹枯菌的拮抗能力。其中拮抗能力强的菌株61个,占4.8％;没有拮抗作用的菌株有486个,占38.1％;其余57％的菌株是略有拮抗作用。24个菌株对水稻纹枯病的防治效果的盆栽生物测定表明,其中有9个菌株的防效在60％以上。挑选了6个菌株在田间进一步测试其防效,结果证实了B916对水稻纹枯病的防治效果最好。1994～1997年连续4年在姜堰、吴江和句容3个基点示范推广使用B916发酵液防治水稻纹枯病,累计面积为2000 hm2以上。大田示范试验结果表明,拮抗菌B916发酵液能够有效地控制水稻纹枯病的为害,防效为50.0%～81.9%。 相似文献
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Qiyuan Tang Shaobing Peng Roland J. Buresh Yingbin Zou Nancy P. Castilla Twng W. Mew Xuhua Zhong 《Field Crops Research》2007
Variety and nitrogen (N) fertilizer input are the two main factors that influence the development of sheath blight (ShB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani in intensive and high-input rice (Oryza sativa L.) production systems. This study was conducted to determine the varietal difference in ShB development and its association with yield loss across N rates. Two indica inbred and two indica/indica F1 hybrid varieties were grown under 0 and 90 kg N ha−1 in 2003 wet season (WS) and under 0, 75, 145, and 215 kg N ha−1 in 2004 dry season (DS). Inoculation was done in 3.2 m2 in each experiment unit to achieve uniform disease development. Disease intensity was quantified by measuring relative lesion height (RLH) and ShB index (ShBI) of inoculated 10 hills at flowering and 14 days after flowering. Plant traits, grain yield, temperature, and relative humidity inside the canopy were also measured. Consistent and significant varietal differences in ShB intensity were observed across N rates in both WS and DS. Among the four varieties, IR72 and IR75217H had higher RLH and ShBI than PSBRc52 and IR68284H at all N rates. Sheath blight index at 14 days after flowering had the closest correlation with yield loss from ShB. Varieties with taller stature, fewer tillers, and lower leaf N concentration such as IR68284H generally had lower RLH and ShBI, and consequently lower yield loss from the disease. Disease intensity and yield loss from ShB increased with increasing N rates, but the magnitude of yield loss varied among varieties. This suggests that fertilizer N should be managed more precisely and differently for varieties with different plant type in order to reduce the disease development and maximize grain yield in the irrigated rice systems. 相似文献
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纹枯病菌对不同水稻品种叶片中抗病性相关酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对优质抗纹枯病水稻品种ZH5、较抗纹枯病品种特青、感纹枯病品种Lemont及恢复系泸恢17、多系1号和GB8等水稻材料进行纹枯病菌接种,测定了水稻叶片中与抗病性相关的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化物酶 (POD) 的活性和丙二醛 (MDA) 的含量。不论纹枯病菌接种与否,ZH5和特青叶片中SOD活性均明显高于Lemont;纹枯病菌接种后,抗性品种ZH5和特青叶片中POD活性升高,感病品种Lemont 叶片中POD活性降低;不论是抗病还是感病的水稻材料,纹枯病菌接种后叶片中MDA含量均有所增加,但ZH5叶片中MDA含量明显低于其他参试材料。 相似文献
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Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis MBI 600 Against Sheath Blight Caused by Rhizoctonia solani and on Growth and Yield of Rice 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
K.VIJAY KRISHNA KUMAR S.KR.YELLAREDDYGARI M.S.REDDY J.W.KLOEPPER K.S.LAWRENCE H.SUDINI D.E.GROTH S.KRISHNAM RAJU M.E.MILLER 《水稻科学》2012,19(1):55-63
Rice sheath blight disease(ShB),caused by Rhizoctonia solani,gives rise to significant grain yield losses.The present study evaluated the efficacy of Integral?,the commercial liquid formulation of Bacillus subtilis strain MBI 600,against rice ShB and for plant growth promotion.In greenhouse studies,four log concentrations of Integral(from 2.2×106 to 2.2×109 cfu/mL) were used as seed treatment(ST).After 25 d,seedlings were dipped(SD) into Integral prior to transplanting.At 30 d after transplanting(DAT),leaf sheaths were inoculated with immature sclerotia of the pathogen.At 45 DAT,a foliar spray(FS) with Integral was applied to some treatments.The fungicide control was 50% carbendazim at 1.0 g/L,and a nontreated control was also included.Overall,there were 10 treatments,each with five replications.ShB severity was rated at 52 DAT,and seedling height and number of tillers per plant were rated at 60 DAT.In 2009,two field trials evaluated Integral at 2.2×108 and 2.2×109 cfu/mL.Integral was applied as ST,and seedlings were produced in a nursery bed.After 32 d,seedlings were treated with Integral as SD and transplanted into 10 m2 blocks.Foliar sprays were given at 45 and 60 DAT.There were seven treatments,each with eight replications arranged as a factorial randomized complete block design.At 20 DAT,the plots were broadcast inoculated with R.solani produced on rice grains.Seedling height before transplanting,ShB severity at 90 DAT,and grain yield at harvest were recorded.Integral at 2.2×109 cfu/mL provided significant increase of seedling heights over other treatments under greenhouse conditions.The Integral treatments of ST + SD + FS at 2.2×109 cfu/mL significantly suppressed ShB over other treatments.In field studies,Integral provided significant increase of seedling height in nursery,and number of tillers per plant,compared with the control.ShB severity was significantly suppressed with higher concentrations of Integral compared to lower concentrations.Grain yield were the highest at an Integral concentration of 2.2×109 cfu/mL.Overall,Integral significantly reduced ShB severity,enhanced seedling growth,number of tillers per plant and grain yield as ST + SD + FS at the concentration of 2.2×109 cfu/mL under the conditions evaluated. 相似文献
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Bacterial isolates of 1274 were obtained from paddy soil, sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani, lesions of sheath blight (ShB), and rice plants. 相似文献
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水稻产量的准确估算在农业生产中具有重要意义。本文通过无人机搭载多光谱传感器,获取水稻主要生育期冠层光谱信息,通过提取不同生育期8种植被指数与水稻产量的实测值建立拟合关系,筛选出最优植被指数和最佳的无人机遥感作业时期,建立水稻估产模型。结果表明,水稻生长前期不适合估产,抽穗期至成熟期估产效果好。最佳估产生育期是水稻抽穗期,基于该时期的植被指数NDVI、RVI、DVI、GNDVI、MSAVI2建立的多元线性模型估测效果较好,验证精度佳。因此,利用无人机多光谱数据对水稻产量进行估测是可行的。 相似文献
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Yoji Kunimitsu Ryoji Kudo Toshichika Iizumi Masayuki Yokozawa 《Paddy and Water Environment》2016,14(1):131-144
Rice productivity will be affected by climate conditions not only in own region but also in neighboring regions through technological spillover. Measuring such direct and indirect influence of future climate change is important for policy making. This study analyzes socio-economic and climate factors in rice total factor productivity (TFP) and evaluates technological spillover effects by using the spatial econometric model. To consider geographical situation, we use hydrological model in addition to crop-yield and crop-quality models. Results show that spatial autoregressive tendencies were observed in rice TFP, even though the influences of climate factors were removed. Such spatial dependence brings about synergistic effects among neighboring prefectures in northern Japan and depression effects, like a spatial trap, from neighbors in southern Japan. Substantial impacts of climate change were as high as socio-economic factors but different in degrees by regions. Also, future climate change estimated by the global climate model enlarged fluctuation degree in rice TFP because accumulative or cancel out effects of temperature and precipitation occurred year by year. Therefore, technological development in rice production and provision of precise climate prediction to farmers are important in order to ease and mitigate these influences. 相似文献
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稻瘟病是最主要的世界性水稻病害,化学防治是目前最为有效的防控措施。通过室内生测和田间试验相结合的方法,测试了多个特效药剂和广谱药剂对稻瘟病的防治效果,探讨了稻瘟病的最优防治适期和穗颈瘟、稻曲病兼防的可能性。结果表明,三环唑仍然是预防穗颈瘟的特效杀菌剂,而嘧菌酯、肟菌酯·戊唑醇和嘧菌酯·苯醚甲环唑等广谱杀菌剂对叶瘟表现出更好的防控效果。始穗期是防治穗颈瘟的关键时期,在发病严重的情况下在齐穗期再施1次药是必要的。如果选用合适的药剂,破口前施药对穗颈瘟也有一定的防控作用。由于防治稻曲病的最佳施药时期是破口前,因此,一次施药兼防穗颈瘟和稻曲病是可行的。 相似文献