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胆固醇是人体健康不可缺少的营养素，但如果食入量过多，会引发动脉粥样硬化、静脉血栓、胆石症等病症，对机体产生不利影响。近年来由于人们生活水平的提高，日常膳食结构发生了很大变化，经常性的摄入动物肉类、鸡蛋以及食用油等，会导致体内胆固醇含量超标。鸡蛋含有丰富的优质蛋白、不饱和脂肪酸和微量元素，营养价值很高，但由于蛋黄中含有较多的胆固醇，限制了人们对鸡蛋的食用量，减少了优质蛋白的摄入。低胆固醇鸡蛋产品在保持鸡蛋原有营养成分的基础上降低了鸡蛋中胆固醇的含量，其营养组成有益于成人和高胆固醇血症患者食用。本试验旨在通过营养调控手段和添加饲喂益生素等措施，控制蛋鸡营养物质的摄入量或摄入能，调节蛋鸡体内脂质代谢的物质，减少胆固醇的合成和向蛋黄中的转移，可以降低鸡蛋中胆固醇含量，满足人们对低胆固醇鸡蛋的需求。 相似文献
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产蛋鸡肝脏合成的极低密度脂蛋白对鸡蛋胆固醇和各类营养成分含量都有重要影响，与蛋鸡的胆固醇代谢和脂肪肝综合症之间关系密切。作者综述了产蛋鸡极低密度脂蛋白的组装及影响因素，为深入认识蛋鸡的胆固醇代谢特点和高产蛋鸡的脂肪肝综合症的成因及开发各类功能性鸡蛋有一定的指导作用。 相似文献
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《畜牧与饲料科学》2017,(2)
旨在探讨姜黄对蛋鸡生产性能、鸡蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响。选择体重、产蛋率相近的健康罗曼褐蛋鸡48只,随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组日粮中添加1%姜黄粉,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验期为48 d。测定并比较2组蛋鸡的生产性能指标、鸡蛋品质指标和血清生化指标。结果表明:试验组蛋鸡的采食量和产蛋率高于对照组(P0.05),料蛋比低于对照组(P0.05);试验组鸡蛋的蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),每克蛋黄胆固醇含量和鸡蛋胆固醇含量均极显著低于对照组(P0.01);试验组蛋鸡的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)极显著高于对照组(P0.01),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)含量显著或极显著低于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。姜黄具有降低鸡蛋胆固醇含量、改善蛋鸡脂代谢功能的作用。 相似文献
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鸡蛋的胆固醇和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的含量已成为衡量蛋品质的重要指标，蛋黄中胆固醇含量约占蛋黄重的4％。约为200-250mg／枚。如此高的胆固醇含量直接影响着蛋鸡养殖业的发展和蛋产品的市场容量需求。研究发现，通过营养代谢调控手段，即选用适当的方法来降低鸡蛋中胆固醇的含量，进而能生产出胆田醇含量低、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量高的鸡蛋来满足消费者的需求。 相似文献
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《现代畜牧兽医》2021,(2)
为研究不同品种蛋鸡鸡蛋营养成分差异,试验随机选择舍饲笼养的庄河大骨鸡、仙居鸡、海兰褐蛋鸡和杂交鸡的鸡蛋,检测钙、磷、卵磷脂、脂肪酸及胆固醇等指标。结果表明:庄河大骨鸡蛋黄中钙和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量较高;磷和卵磷脂含量较低。庄河大骨鸡鸡蛋中蛋黄脂肪酸总含量最高,其次是仙居鸡、杂交鸡和海兰褐。饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)在4个鸡蛋品种中的占比基本一致。庄河大骨鸡蛋黄中的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)是海兰褐的1.47倍。庄河大骨鸡和仙居鸡鸡蛋中的必需脂肪酸显著高于杂交鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡(P0.05)。从营养价值角度考虑,庄河大骨鸡和仙居鸡鸡蛋是消费者的首选。 相似文献
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近年来,随着人们消费水平的提高,鸡蛋中胆固醇、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量以及蛋黄颜色的深浅已成为衡量蛋品质的重要指标,直接影响着市场的需求。研究发现,通过营养代谢调控手段,能改善蛋品质,生产出胆固醇含量低、PUFA含量高的鸡蛋。现将影响鸡蛋胆固醇含量的因素报道如下。1能量物质大量研究表明,蛋鸡日粮中能量或脂肪的浓度过高会使鸡蛋中胆固醇的含量增加。当机体能量贮备足够时,过量摄入能量会表现为体重增加,胆固醇的生物合成提高。2脂类由于日粮中脂肪和胆固醇与家禽机体胆固醇的代谢密切相关,饲料中脂肪、脂肪酸的组成和含量… 相似文献
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为研究不同品种绿壳鸡蛋的差异,以长顺绿壳蛋鸡、赤水乌骨鸡和乌蒙乌鸡为试验材料,对其蛋品质、蛋黄胆固醇、脂肪和蛋白质含量以及蛋壳色素含量进行测定。结果显示：赤水乌骨鸡的蛋重显著高于长顺绿壳蛋鸡和乌蒙乌鸡（P<0.05）,乌蒙乌鸡的蛋黄脂肪含量显著高于其他两个品种（P<0.05）,赤水乌骨鸡的蛋黄胆固醇含量显著小于其他两个品种（P<0.05）。三种蛋壳中,胆绿素的含量均高于原卟啉含量,赤水乌骨鸡蛋壳的原卟啉含量显著小于长顺绿壳蛋鸡和乌蒙乌鸡（P<0.05）,长顺绿壳蛋鸡蛋壳的胆绿素含量显著高于其他两个品种（P<0.05）。蛋黄脂肪、胆固醇含量与蛋品质相关分析显示,3个品种的蛋黄脂肪含量与蛋黄颜色和蛋壳厚度呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,蛋黄胆固醇含量与蛋黄重、蛋黄颜色和蛋黄比率均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。长顺绿壳蛋鸡蛋重与蛋黄脂肪含量、蛋黄比率与蛋黄胆固醇含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;赤水乌骨鸡蛋黄颜色与蛋黄胆固醇含量呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。研究表明,三种绿壳鸡蛋的蛋品质、蛋黄胆固醇、脂肪含量各有不同,赤水乌骨鸡鸡蛋的蛋... 相似文献
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本试验通过在海兰褐蛋鸡饲粮中配合不同比例的橡胶籽饼,评价其对蛋黄脂肪酸组成及胆固醇含量的影响。选取72只25周龄的健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分成6个组,每组4个重复,每个重复3只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,Ⅰ~Ⅴ组饲粮分别配合5.00%、10.00%、15.00%、20.00%和25.00%的橡胶籽饼。各组饲粮的营养水平一致。试验期6周。结果表明:饲粮中配合不同比例橡胶籽饼对蛋鸡蛋黄饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量无显著影响(P0.05);但蛋黄亚油酸(LA)、α-亚麻酸(ALA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量随饲粮橡胶籽饼配合比例的增加呈增加趋势,且各试验组蛋黄DHA含量与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05);随饲粮橡胶籽饼配合比例的增加,蛋黄总多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、n-6 PUFA和n-3 PUFA含量呈增加趋势,n-6/n-3 PUFA呈降低趋势;各试验组蛋黄胆固醇含量与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05),但均低于对照组。由此可见,饲粮中配合一定比例的橡胶籽饼能够获得较低的n-6/n-3PUFA,达到提高蛋黄总PUFA、n-6 PUFA和n-3 PUFA含量的效果。 相似文献
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葡萄原花青素对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能和抗氧化能力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究葡萄原花青素(grape procyanidins,GPC)对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血浆、肝脏和蛋黄抗氧化能力的影响。选取产蛋率、体重相近,健康状态良好的64周龄罗曼蛋鸡288只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组:饲喂基础饲粮;GPC50组和GPC100组:分别在基础饲粮中添加50和100 mg/kg的GPC;抗氧化剂特丁基对苯二酚(tert-butyl hydroquinone,TBHQ)组:基础饲粮+200 mg/kg TBHQ。预试期7 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:1)GPC显著抑制了产蛋后期蛋鸡产蛋率和鸡蛋哈夫单位下降(P0.05),显著增加了蛋壳厚度(P0.05)。2)GPC50组蛋鸡血浆和肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均显著提高(P0.05),血浆和肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P0.05);TBHQ显著提高了蛋鸡血浆T-SOD活性(P0.05),显著降低了肝脏M DA含量(P0.05)。3)GPC显著提高了蛋黄T-SOD活性(P0.05),显著降低了蛋黄M DA和胆固醇含量(P0.05);TBHQ显著降低了蛋黄M DA含量(P0.05)。综上,饲粮添加GPC可改善产蛋后期蛋鸡产蛋率和哈夫单位,增加蛋壳厚度,改善机体抗氧化能力,其中以50 mg/kg GPC添加效果较好,优于200 mg/kg TBHQ。 相似文献
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1. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of dietary karaya saponin on cholesterol deposition in laying hens. 2. A total of 40 Boris Brown hens were randomly assigned at 20 weeks of age to 4 treatment groups and fed on diets supplemented with 0 (control), 25, 50 or 75 mg/kg karaya saponin for an 8-week experimental period. 3. After 8 weeks of dietary supplementation, karaya-saponin-treated groups had significantly lower serum cholesterol (23·0%) and triglycerides but increased high density lipoproteins cholesterol concentration than controls, irrespective of karaya saponin content in the diet. Egg yolk cholesterol and triglycerides were also significantly reduced by dietary karaya saponin. Hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly reduced by karaya saponin but bile acids concentration in the faeces and liver were significantly increased by karaya saponin. The concentrations of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids in the yolk were greater in hens receiving karaya saponin than in controls. Karaya saponin significantly increased egg production, feed efficiency and yolk colour compared with controls. Karaya saponin tended to increase egg weight, feed consumption, Haugh units, albumen weight and yolk index. 4. In conclusion, karaya saponin is a potential agent for reducing yolk cholesterol concentration together with an overall increase of production performance and improvement in egg quality. 相似文献
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Effect of dietary Rhodobacter capsulatus on lipid fractions and egg-yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Salma U Miah AG Tsujii H Schellander K Südekum KH 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(6):1091-1100
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary Rhodobacter capsulatus on lipid fractions and egg‐yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens. Thirty‐six laying hens (30 weeks old) were randomly assigned into two dietary groups fed diets with (0.04%) or without (control) R. capsulatus for a 60‐day feeding trial. Dietary R. capsulatus decreased (p < 0.05) serum and hepatic cholesterol and increased (p < 0.05) the excreta cholesterol, and resultant lower (p < 0.05) cholesterol contents in egg yolk. The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and ratio to saturated fatty acids in egg yolk was improved (p < 0.05) by dietary R. capsulatus. The concentration of hepatic bile acid was increased (p < 0.05) and excreta bile acid was decreased (p < 0.01) in the laying hens fed R. capsulatus diet. The incorporation of 1‐14C‐palmitic acid into hepatic lipids and lipid fractions was increased (p < 0.05) in laying hens fed R. capsulatus diet. Moreover, dietary R. capsulatus did not appear to cause any adverse effects on laying hen performances. Therefore, dietary supplementation of R. capsulatus in layer diets may be a feasible means of producing eggs with lower cholesterol and higher PUFA contents for health conscious consumers. 相似文献
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Influence of sumac (Rhus Coriaria L.) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on egg yolk fatty acid,cholesterol and blood parameters in laying hens 
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下载免费PDF全文 The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential effect of different levels of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) seed powder and ginger (Zingiber officinale) root powder on egg yolk fatty acid composition, blood/yolk cholesterol in laying hen. A total of 63 (ATAK‐S: Domestic Turkish Laying Hens) laying hens (average weight: 1470 g each hen, 25‐weeks of age) were assigned to seven treatment diets including sumac seed (S) and ginger root powder (G) at 0 g/kg (control), 10 g/kg (S1), 20 g/kg (S2), and 30 g/kg (S3); 10 g/kg (G1), 20 g/kg (G2), or 30 g/kg in rations respectively, for 8 weeks. After a two‐week adaptation period to cages, the hens were allocated to 7 groups with 9 replicates of 1 hen in per cage each. The replications were allotted equally into the upper and lower cages to minimize the effects of cage level. In this study, egg yolk cholesterol had a decrease (p <0.05) in supplemented diet( sumac seed and ginger root powder). Fatty acid content in yolk; saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and rate of n6/n3 were not significant (p <0.05). However, dietary supplementation with sumac and ginger powder reduced and yolk/blood cholesterol concentrations in laying hens. Supplementation of sumac and ginger affected on HDL, there was found a significant effect (p < 0.05) in treatment groups. Moreover, LDL positively decreased in all treatment groups compared with the control group. The findings of this study suggested that feeding sumac and ginger tend to be decreasing cholesterol levels in both yolk and blood on laying hens. It can be concluded that ginger root and sumac seed powder can be used as an effective feed additive to improve fatty acid composition and yolk and blood cholesterol in ATAK‐S laying hens. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能(ME)水平对产蛋期汶上芦花鸡生产性能、血清生化指标和蛋品质的影响,并建立代谢能需要量析因模型,确定产蛋期汶上芦花鸡的饲粮代谢能需要量。试验采用单因素完全随机设计,选取40周龄、体重相近的健康汶上芦花鸡360只,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。各组分别饲喂代谢能水平为10.68、10.89、11.10、11.30和11.51MJ/kg的试验饲粮,其他主要营养水平保持一致。预试期7d,试验期35d。结果表明:1)饲粮代谢能水平对产蛋期汶上芦花鸡的平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日代谢能摄入量(ADMEI)、平均体重、代谢体重(BW0.75)、产蛋数、产蛋率和平均日产蛋量(ADEM)均有显著影响(P0.05)。随饲粮代谢能水平的升高,ADFI、ADMEI、产蛋数、产蛋率和ADEM呈增加趋势,但当代谢能水平为11.51 MJ/kg时降低。随饲粮代谢能水平的升高,料蛋比呈降低趋势,但当代谢能水平为11.51 MJ/kg时增加。饲粮代谢能水平为11.51和11.30 MJ/kg时的平均体重和BW0.75显著高于代谢能水平为11.10 MJ/kg时(P0.05)。2)随饲粮代谢能水平的升高,产蛋期汶上芦花鸡的血清葡萄糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TCHO)含量均呈增加趋势。3)饲粮代谢能水平对产蛋期汶上芦花鸡的蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色、哈氏单位和蛋黄比率有显著影响(P0.05)。低能组(代谢能水平为10.68、10.89和11.10 MJ/kg)的蛋白高度和哈氏单位显著高于高能组(代谢能水平为11.30和11.51 MJ/kg)(P0.05)。随饲粮代谢能水平的升高,蛋黄颜色和蛋黄比率呈增加趋势,其中代谢能水平为11.51 MJ/kg时的蛋黄颜色和蛋黄比率显著高于其他各代谢能水平时(P0.05)。4)以ADMEI为因变量,以平均日增重(ADG)、ADEM和BW0.75为自变量,拟合41~45周龄汶上芦花鸡饲粮代谢能需要量的析因模型为:ADMEI=0.88 ADG+10.63 ADEM+476.40 BW0.75(R2=0.982 5,P0.05)。满足41~45周龄汶上芦花鸡最佳生产性能的适宜饲粮代谢能需要量为11.29 MJ/kg。 相似文献
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本文旨在研究菊苣提取物对蛋鸡生产性能、鸡蛋品质、肠道菌群、血清胆同醇和卵黄胆同醇的影响.300只尼克红蛋鸡随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只,各组日粮中分别添加0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的菊苣提取物和1.0%的菊粉,试验进行4周.结果表明:与对照相比,不同水平的菊苣提取物或菊粉对蛋鸡产蛋率、蛋重、采食量、料蛋比、破蛋率、蛋黄重、蛋壳厚度和哈氏单位没有显著影响(P>0.05),但能显著降低鸡蛋胆固醇浓度(mg/g蛋黄)和含量(mg/蛋黄)(P<0.05),1.5%菊苣提取物添加组的动脉粥样硬化指数显著降低(P<0.05);日粮添加菊苣提取物或菊粉显著降低蛋鸡盲肠大肠杆菌数量和pH(P<0.05),1.5%菊苣提取物添加组和菊粉添加组显著增加盲肠双歧杆菌数量(P<0.05);鸡蛋胆固醇含量和盲肠大肠杆菌数量随菊苣提取物添加水平的增加线性降低(r=-0.957和r=-0.977)(P<0.05).结论:本试验在蛋鸡日粮中添加菊苣提取物或菊粉能显著降低鸡蛋胆固醇和盲肠有害菌(大肠杆菌)的数量,且不影响蛋鸡生产性能和鸡蛋品质.故在蛋鸡日粮中添加菊苣提取物或菊粉可为生产低胆同醇鸡蛋提供一条途径. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平苜草素对蛋鸡胆固醇代谢的影响,并探讨其基因表达调控机制。选取体重和产蛋率相近的26周龄尼克蛋鸡540只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复18只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加300、600、900、1 200 mg/kg的苜草素。预试期7 d,正试期70 d。结果表明:1)试验第35天和第70天,900 mg/kg苜草素组的蛋黄胆固醇含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,900 mg/kg苜草素组显著升高了蛋鸡血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量和高密度脂蛋白/低密度脂蛋白(HDL/LDL)(P0.05),各组蛋鸡血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量差异均不显著(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,600、900、1 200 mg/kg苜草素组显著降低了蛋鸡肝脏中3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGCR)mRNA表达量(P0.05),900和1 200 mg/kg苜草素组显著升高了蛋鸡肝脏组织中胆固醇7α-羟化酶(CYP7A1)mRNA表达量(P0.05)。各组蛋鸡肝脏中固醇结合蛋白元件-2(SERBP-2)和卵巢中卵黄蛋白原受体(OVR)mRNA表达量无显著差异(P0.05)。综上,饲粮中添加苜草素降低了蛋黄胆固醇和全蛋胆固醇含量,其调控机制可能是通过抑制蛋鸡胆固醇的内源性合成和促进胆固醇向胆汁酸的转化排泄2种途径来实现。本试验推荐26~35周龄蛋鸡苜草素添加水平为900 mg/kg。 相似文献
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1. The efficiency and time course of dietary fatty acid incorporation into lipids of egg yolk and abdominal adipose tissue was compared in "White Leghorn", normal (Dw) and dwarf (dw) laying hens at 56 weeks of age, using 14C labelled linoleic acid. 2. The sex-linked dwarfing gene, dw, was shown to reduce not only body weight and abdominal fat pad deposition, but also yolk production and the average clutch size. 3. Higher peak incorporation and total recovery of the linoleic acid radioactivity into yolk lipids, but lower label recovery into adipose tissue triglycerides were found in dwarf hens. 4. The higher esterification of the dietary linoleic acid in its native form into dwarf yolk triglycerides indicates that dwarf hens use more dietary lipids to synthesise yolk lipids but these results also suggest that the dw allele might reduce the lipogenic capacities of the liver and adipose tissue in laying hens. 相似文献
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本试验以海兰褐蛋鸡为研究对象,探索苜蓿皂苷对蛋品质及胆固醇含量的影响。将480只23周龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分为8组,每组5个重复进行试验,对照组(基础日粮),苜蓿草粉组(5%苜蓿草粉),处理I~VI组在基础日粮中分别添加500,1 000,1 500,2 000,2 500,3 000mg·kg-1苜蓿皂甙(总甙含量34%),于试验第1,15,30,45天时测定蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳相对重、蛋黄指数、蛋黄颜色和蛋黄胆固醇含量。结果表明:苜蓿皂甙和苜蓿草粉对常规蛋品指标无显著影响;苜蓿草粉对蛋黄颜色有明显提高作用(P0.05),皂甙处理组蛋黄颜色较对照组有所降低。苜蓿草粉处理下蛋黄颜色均高于对照组和处理组,且在15天和45天时显著高于所有处理组;苜蓿皂甙对蛋黄胆固醇浓度和鸡蛋胆固醇含量无显著影响;但是,在15,30和45天时,处理组与苜蓿草粉组的蛋黄胆固醇浓度较对照组有所降低但差异不显著,在15天和45天时,处理组与苜蓿草粉组的鸡蛋胆固醇浓度较对照组有所降低但不显著。因此苜蓿皂甙对常规蛋品指标没有影响,对降低鸡蛋中胆固醇浓度与胆固醇含量没有显著作用。 相似文献