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1.
Summary Deep water rice varieties in general have certain peculiar characters which are associated with floating habit. These characters are (i) early nodal differentiation, (ii) nodal rooting, (iii) spreading habit, (iv) awned grains, (v) brown hull colour, (vi) red pericarp (red rice), and (vii) seed dormancy. Inheritance of these characters and linkage relationship of genes governing these characters were studied in a cross between Pankaj (non floating) and Nageribao (floating) rice varieties. Nageribao, a cultivar from Assam possesses these characters.Early nodal differentiation was observed to be controlled by a single dominant gene, designated as Nd. Nodal rooting was controlled by two dominant complementary genes, designated as Nr
1 and Nr
2. We found an inhibitory factor for spreading habit and one for brown hull colour in Pankaj; the operation of two dominant duplicate genes An
1 and An
2 for controlling awning characters, a single dominant gene Rd for red pericarp colour and a single dominant gene Gd for grain dormancy. Joint segregations between these characters resulted in the assignment of genes in the X linkage group of indica rices with estimated map distances based on the cross-over values. The genes An (awning), Es (spreading habit), Nr (nodal rooting) and Nd (nodal differentiation) were observed to be associated with each other. The gene for red pericarp (Rd) was observed to be linked with the grain dormaney gene Gd. 相似文献
2.
Summary Fourteen cultivars, one F1-hybrid and one half-wild type (Cind) of sweet pepper were tested on resistance to glasshouse whitefly. Several mutually significant levels of resistance were found. Most resistant appeared to be California Wonder, Severka M, Korál and Yolo Wonder. During the test sweet pepper plants were infested both with whiteflies and their parasite — Encarsia formosa, which caused the blackening of whitefly puparia. The blackened puparia are easily seen, enabling an easier and more rapid evaluation of the number of puparia present. 相似文献
3.
Summary Freshly cut leaves of Kohleria eriantha and K. x Longwood were exposed to a wide range of gamma irradiation doses and allowed to root and form adventitious buds. K. Eriantha could not be successfully propagated from leaf half cuttings. Longwood produced a small number of adventitious plantlets as compared to other Gesneriads. Colchicine treatments reduced leaf half survival in Longwood by more than 50%. Leaf halves exposed to low and moderate doses of gamma irradiation showed increased overall plantlet production compared to nonirradiated leaf halves.Of the mutation parameters calculated, the number of mutants per 100 surviving leaf halves appears to be the most useful since it relates the number of mutants within a dose to the number of surviving leaf halves, the number of mutants to the number of plants produced, and the number of mutants within doses to control values.Using the criteria, number of mutants per 100 surviving leaf halves, optimum production of all mutants, of useful and of dwarf mutants was obtained at 2.5 kR for noncolchicine treated leaf halves and 1.5 to 3.0 kR for colchicine treated leaf halves.Of the adventitious plantlets produced, 13.8% were classified as mutant types. Mutant plants were found in radiation dose levels up to 5.5 kR. The array of mutants produced was skewed toward plant habit and flower characteristic mutants with several leaf characteristic, lethal, and polyploid mutants observed. A high frequency of mutants, 10 of 93 plants, occurred in the nonirradiated controls. Four sectorial chimeras were identified from both control and irradiation exposed groups. Several potentially useful flower color and dwarf mutants have been selected for further study. Adventitious buds may have developed from callus at petiole and leaf-vein bases. Colchicine treatments severely inhibited adventitious plantlet production and because of this could not be used as a criterion to identify the origin of adventitious buds. Conclusive determination of the organogenesis of adventitious buds from Longwood leaf halves could not be made. Mutant plantlets formed from adventitious buds on detached leaf halves of Longwood appear to arise from single cells as has been found with other Gesneriads.Scientific Journal Series Article No. 10 330 of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献
4.
Summary Two highly variable enzyme systems of glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) were used to investigate the parentages of grape cultivars. Of 35 parent/offspring combinations that we investigated, 30 combinations gave alleles in the offspring which were presented in the reported parents, whereas 5 combinations gave alleles in the offspring which were not extractable from the reported parents. The Gpi-2 genotype of Hiro Hamburg and the Pgm-2 genotype of Pione indicated that Koshu Sanjaku and Cannon Hall Muscat may not have been the paternal parent respectively. The Gpi-2 genotype of New Niagara and the Gpi-2 and Pgm-2 genotypes of Beniyamabiko indicated that Niagara and a hybrid from DxK151 x Delaware may not have been the maternal parent respectively. The Gpi-2 genotype of Cannon Hall Muscat grown in Japan indicated that this cultivar may not have originated as a tetraploid sport of Muscat of Alexandria. 相似文献
5.
Summary Inheritance of raw cucumber fruit texture (Magness-Taylor Fruit Pressure Tester firmness) was investigated over a 4-year period from 1971–1974. Results from 2 separate but related experiments suggested that firmness was quantitatively inherited with sufficient additive effects to permit gain from selection. In a selection study within 4 F2 populations derived from crosses between firm (Chipper and Gy3) and soft (Mincu and Green F) fruit type cultivars, variation among and within F3 and F4 families was significant but overall family means were not significantly higher than the high parent in any of the 4 crosses. Narrow sense heritability estimates for fruit texture were 0.80 in the Mincu × Chipper population and 0.77 in the Green F × Chipper, Mincu × Gy3, and Gy3 × Green F crosses. In a separate experiment, generation means analysis was used to assess the mode of gene action in 2 crosses: Green F × Chipper, and Gy3 × Green F. Additive genetic effects accounted for 98.8% and 99.3% of the total genetic variation within each cross, respectively.Scientific Journal Series Paper No. 9794. 相似文献
6.
S. Tokumasu 《Euphytica》1976,25(1):151-159
Summary Anther development of male-fertile and male-sterile plants in Pelargonium crispum was anatomically examined. Three cultivars, i.e., Lemon crispum, Crispum minor and Prince Rupert, were used. Lemon crispum and Crispum minor are male-fertile, whereas Prince Rupert is male-sterile. The tapetum in every cultivar examined behaved like an amoeba. The tapetal cells of the anther form plasmodial masses. Then, the plasmodial masses fuse producing a periplasmodium. The periplasmodium degenerates and finally disappears. There are no differences in tapetal behaviour between fertile and sterile anthers. In the sterile anthers the endothecium and lip cells do not develop sufficiently. Young microspores show normal growth at early stages. After the completion of their cell wall formation, however, the microspores in the sterile anthers lose their cytoplasm and become empty. On the other hand, the microspores in the fertile anthers increase the volume of their cytoplasm and become fertile pollen grains. 相似文献
7.
W. V. Wismer F. R. Harker F. A. Gunson K. L. Rossiter K. Lau A. G. Seal R. G. Lowe R. Beatson 《Euphytica》2005,141(1-2):93-104
The current study illustrates that fruit breeding should not only target elite fruit that are significantly more liked than existing cultivars, but also target special unique fruit that create major new flavour niches. Breeding targets can be identified in terms of consumer preferences for new and defined flavours. A trained panel was used to assess the flavours of a wide range of kiwifruit, and these characteristics were systematically arranged into flavour and odour wheels. These wheels describe some of the diversity found within the kiwifruit germplasm. Next, consumers from Japan and New Zealand rated their overall liking of fruit from each of 10 genotypes. Consumer preference mapping was used to explore the relationships between consumer liking and flavour. Cluster analysis was used to explore the diverse responses consumers may have to the same fruit. Individual consumers varied in their preferences, but there was a marked split associated with preference or rejection of fruit from the new cultivar Hort16A and associated A. chinensis genotypes. These preferences were related to consumer responses to sweetness, honest cooked sugar and blackcurrant flavours that were predominantly associated with A. chinensis genotypes, and absent in previous commercial kiwifruit cultivars. The first significant export of Hort16A fruit occurred in 1998. Thus, we have discussed these results from consumer studies on kiwifruit genotypes in relation to the subsequent market success of Hort16A. 相似文献
8.
Summary No antagonistic or synergistic interaction was found between isolates of Uromyces appendiculatus var. appendiculatus and Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli when inoculated to the same plant. A single dominant gene was suggested to control resistance to three isolates of rust in the crosses Pompadour Checa × Chichara and Pompadour Checa × NE W-4. A two-gene model was confirmed for the reaction to the three rust isolates for the crosses Pompadour Checa × GN Tara and Pompadour Checa × San Cristobal; a dominant (Ur
p) gene determined resistance and was epistastic to a dominant gene (Ur
t) for susceptibility. (Ur
t) was expressed only in the presence of recessive (ur
p) alleles. The reaction to common bacterial blight was quantitatively inherited and an association was detected with plant habit but not with rust reaction and leaf variegation. Plants with leaf variegation and crippled growth, were detected in the progeny of the cross Pompadour Checa × GN Tara and were controlled by duplicate recessive genes (mutatorunstable genes) and three genes, acting additively, respectively. The developmental expression of the latter trait varied considerably. Linkage was detected between genes controlling the variegated and the crippling traits.Published as Paper No. 7839, Journal Series, Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. Research was conducted under project No. 20-036. 相似文献
9.
Summary Associations between DNA fingerprint fragments and 16 avocado quantitative trait loci were tested for in two avocado tamilies by one way analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis. Based on these two analyses the fragments P4, P8, E2 and E5 in Pinkerton × Ettinger progeny were found to be associated with harvest duration, skin color, skin thickness and skin surface, respectively. The fragments P1, P8, B1 and B4 in the Pinkerton × Bacon progeny (half sibs of the original population) were found to be associated with fruit weight, skin color, seed size and peeling, respectively. Based on the original Pinkerton progeny as well as on the half sibs progeny, the fragment P8 was found to be associated with black-purple fruit skin color.The fragment pattern intensity of DNA pools of progeny having either green or black-purple fruit skin color —supported these data. These results are interpreted as genetic-linkage between the DNA fingerprint fragment P8 and locas (1) regulating fruit skin color in avocado. 相似文献
10.
M. E. Aken'ova 《Euphytica》1982,31(1):161-165
Summary The occurrence of three male-sterile plants is reported. One in a population of ex-Bormu, an improved recommended variety of day-length neutral gero bulrush millet and the two others in the selfed progeny of a population of maiwa bulrush millet, a short-day photoperiod-sensitive type. Tests confirmed the cytoplasmic-genic nature of the male-sterility in the gero population. No tests could be conducted for maiwa.The transfer of male-sterility from the male-sterile Tift 23A bulrush millet, obtained from the United States, into a maiwa population is also reported. After six backcrosses the maiwa genotype appeared to have been reconstituted against the background of a male-sterility inducing cytoplasm. Maiwa male-sterility maintainer plants have also been identified. 相似文献
11.
The main purpose of this work was to produce compact mutants of apple, i.e. mutants which had shorter internodes and often shorter shoots than is normal for the variety.Scions of the apple varieties Cortland, Ingrid Marie, Gråsten, Close, Golden Delicious and Ildrød Pigeon were treated with gamma radiation (3000–7000rad). Following two propagations compact mutants were selected on the basis of internode length. All mutants, whose internode length was significantly shorter than that of the normal variety, are included in Tables 3, 4, 5 and 6. Most of these mutants had shorter shoots and thicker shoot diameters than the normal variety.The correlation between shoot length and internode length has made necessary the introduction of the term degree of compactness to characterize the mutants. If the relationship between internode length and shoot length of a mutant is similar to that of the normal variety then it has a low degree of compactness. If, however, the mutant's internode length is considerable less than is normal for the variety (still in relation to shoot length), then the degree of compactness is great. The selected mutants are grouped according to degree of compactness in Tables 3, 4, 5 and 6, beginning with mutants which are less compact.In all 8 Cortland, 11 Ingrid Marie, 9 Gråsten, 3 Close, 1 Golden Delicious and 1 Ildrød Pigeon compact mutants were found. 相似文献
12.
Summary A greenbug [Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)] resistant strain of rye (Secale cereale L.) Insave F.A. from Argentina was crossed with Chinese Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and also with Elbon and Balbo cultivars of common rye. Juvenile plants of the primary wheat X rye hybrid were treated with colchicine. Partially fertile amphidiploids were obtained that are resistant to greenbug Biotypes B and C. F1 and F2 populations of seedling plants derived from crosses of Insave F.A. with Elbon and Balbo rye were tested for reaction to the greenbug to determine the genetic basis of inheritance. The results confirmed previous reports that resistance in Insave F.A. is conditioned by a single dominant gene.Deceased 相似文献
13.
Summary OSU 5062, a green bean line with a tendency for pods to become creasebacked (wider than deep) in cross-section, was crossed to near-round-podded cultivars Oregon 83 and Slenderette, oval-podded Bountiful, and flat-podded Roma, to further clarify the inheritance of pod cross-section. Differences among generations in pod cross-section index (PCS), calculated as pod width/depth, were small in the near-round x creaseback crosses (1.07 and 1.01 for Oregon 83 and Slenderette versus 1.20 for OSU 5062). Bountiful (0.63) and Roma (0.50) differed to a greater extent from 5062. Generation means of individual plant PCS of the F1 and F2 were almost identical, were almost exactly intermediate between parents, and strongly supported additive inheritance. Backcross data generally supported additive inheritance, but in some cases indicated degrees of dominance of higher PCS. A generation means analysis indicated additive gene action, but deviations from an additive-dominance model were significant in each cross. 相似文献
14.
Summary The genetic relation between powdery mildew resistance and sensitivity for leaf chlorosis of glasshouse cucumber was investigated. The powdery mildew resistant, leaf chlorosis sensitive hybrid variety Profito was crossed with the powdery mildew susceptible, non chlorosis sensitive hybrid variety Corona. Forty four F6 inbred lines of this cross, produced by single seed descent, were tested for powdery mildew resistance (PMR) and leaf chlorosis sensitivity (LCS). PMR and LCS were positively correlated (r=0.59). One or more of the PMR genes probably causes LCS as a pleiotropic effect or is closely linked to LCS, but also other factors, not genetically linked to PMR can cause LCS. Five F6 lines combined a significantly higher level of PMR than Corona with a significantly lower LCS than Profito. Three of these lines could hardly be distinguished from Corona for the level of LCS.Abbreviations LCS
leaf chlorosis sensitivity
- PMR
powdery mildew resistance
- SSD
Single Seed Descent 相似文献
15.
Sachiko Matsubara 《Euphytica》1984,33(1):113-121
Summary Overcoming self-incompatibility by application of three kinds of plant hormones, sucrose, 3 kinds of amino acids and 2 kinds of vitamines was tested in cvs. Honbashi-taibyo Minowase (H-Mino) and Minowase (Mino) of Raphanus sativus. Effects differed between the cultivars. In H-Mino, BA (100 mg/l) and glutamic acid, folic acid and nicotinic acid (500 mg/l) resulted in higher fruit set and higher number of seeds per pollinated flower. In Mino, BA and NAA (100 mg/l) and glutamic acid and glycine (500 mg/l) induced a high number of seeds per pollinated flower. These chemicals, however, induced parthenocarpic fruit set, especially GA3. From the observation of pollen on stigmas washed with glutamic acid, it appeared that the pollen-tube penetrated into a papilla cell after 1 hour and openings of papillae and detached pollen grains and tubes were found after 2 hours as the result of successful pollentube penetration of papillae. Pollen was heated at 50°C for 30, 45 or 60 minutes, at 60°C for 15, 30 or 45 minutes and at 70°C for 10, 20 or 30 minutes prior to self-pollination. In H-Mino, 60 and 70°C were effective, and expecially 60°C for 15 or 30 minutes resulted a higher percentage fruit set and more seeds per fruit. In Mino, although 50–70°C were effective, the mean number of seeds per pollinated flower was lower than in H-Mino. 相似文献
16.
Summary Inheritance of resistance to turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) strains C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5 in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis) was evaluated using monoclonal antibodies. Crosses were made between a resistant line, 0–2, and four susceptible line. Seoul (SE),SSD31 (SS), Cheongbang (CH), and Yaki 1 ho (YA), to determine the inheritance of resistance of 0–2 in different genetic backgrounds. Resistance to TuMV was controlled by a single dominant gene or double dominant genes depending on the strain and cross. The resistance genes of 0–2 were modified by susceptible parents such that a single dominant gene was involved in the SS×0–2 combination, but double dominant genes in the SE×0–2 against TuMV-C3 or TuMV-C5. ELISA tests using inoculated and noninoculated leaves in the same plant suggested that the dominant resistance genes inhibit virus movement rather than virus multiplication. 相似文献
17.
Summary Allelic variation of prolamin loci was examined in the F2 from crosses between the hexaploid wheat varieties: Cajeme 71, Yécora 70, Ablaca, Anza, Pané 247 and Axona. Different allelic blocks for gliadins and LMW glutenin subunits were determined in Gli-1, Gli-2 and Glu-3 loci. A percentage of recombination of 1.5 ± 0.3 was determined between Gli-A1 and Glu-3 in the F2 progeny of Yécora 70 x Axona. A significant positive association was found between gluten strength, measured by SDS-sedimentation volume, and the prolamins coded by Anza Gli-D1/Glu-D3 loci and Yécora 70 Gli-A1/Glu-A3 loci. Interactions between non homeologous loci Glu-1 and Gli-1/Glu-3 were also found. 相似文献
18.
Inheritance of aroma in rice 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Summary Inheritance of an aroma was worked out in crosses between Brimful from Nepal as an aromatic rice and leading Japanese varieties Koshihikari and Nipponbare as non-aromatic ones. The F2 pattern of segregation for aroma to non-aroma was 3:13 indicating one dose gene for aroma and one dose inhibitor gene in two crosses. This ratio was confirmed by genetic behavior of F3 populations. 相似文献
19.
Summary Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity has been determined in apple landraces and cultivars, based upon restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) for several mitochondrial genes. Our analysis includes three cultivars, Golden Delicious, McIntosh and Delicious, which represent the various patterns of mtDNA polymorphisms previously described (Ishikawa et al., 1992). A total of five RFLPs were detected, allowing classification of the apple genotypes into four cytoplasmic groups: GroupI, Golden Delicious-type; GroupII, McIntosh-type; GroupIII, Delicious-type; and Group IV, Dolgo Crab-type. European landraces and cultivars were assigned to Groups I, II, and III, while chinese crab apples were placed in either Group III or IV. 相似文献
20.
Summary A 7-variety diallel of synthetic varieties that have not had selection for yield improvement and a 10-variety diallel of synthetic varieties that either resulted from recurrent selection for yield improvement or from the introgression of exotic germ plasm into adapted varieties were evaluated in six environments for yield and five other agronomic traits. The specific objective was to determine the relative potential of the synthetic varieties as germ plasm sources for breeding programs.Recurrent selection improved population yield in BSSS CO, BSK CO, and Alph CO in the varieties and also in crosses with other varieties. BSSS(R)C6 and BSSS(HT)C7 yielded 11.4% and 16.1% more than BSSS CO, and the variety crosses of BSSS(R)C6 and BSSS(HT)C7 yielded 21.6% and 22.0% more than the variety crosses of BSSS CO. Recurrent selection also improved stalk-lodging resistance for BSSS(R)C6 and BSSS(HT)C7, but root lodging for BSSS(HT)C7 was significantly higher. BS15 had 61.0% higher yields than Alph CO, with 9.3% less stalk lodging. Average heterosis of the 10-variety diallel was 1120 kg/ha (19.6%) and ranged from 800 kg/ha (13.7%) for BSK(S)C5 to 1770 kg/ha (39.4%) for BS12(HI)C5. The heterosis expressed among individual variety crosses ranged from 4.3% for BSK(S)C5 x BSTE(FR)C1 to 37.6% for BSSS(R)C6 x BS12(HI)C5, which approached the yield of the two highest yielding single-cross checks.In the 7-variety diallel of unselected varieties, BSTE CO and Late Rootworm Synthetic were superior as varieties and in crosses for yield and stalk quality. Average heterosis for the 7-variety diallel was 950 kg/ha (18.5%). Stalk lodging was important in the performance of varieties with poor stalk quality.Although recurrent selection improved yield, development of superior breeding populations also will require selection for general agronomic performance. The performance of BS16 and the yields of BSTL and Teozea and their crosses suggest that exotic germ plasm should receive greater attention.Contribution from the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Journal Paper No. J-8096 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa 50010. Project No. 1897. 相似文献