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1.
1960—1961年在北京对棉蚜、桃蚜、棉红蜘蛛及山楂红蜘蛛进行的田间药效试验表明:(1)乐果对两种蚜虫及两种红蜘蛛的速效或残效均接近或超过E-1059,在食用作物上的残毒期较短(7日),使用范围也较广。(2)马拉硫磷的杀蚜效力也较好,但不如乐果,杀螨效力不强。(3)三硫磷粗制原油的杀螨效力很突出:对棉红蜘蛛的速、残效接近或超出 E-1059,显著超过甲基 E-1059和马拉硫磷;对山楂红蜘蛛的速、残效也接近 E-1059,对两种红蜘蛛的残效都比较持久,但杀蚜效力较差,远不如乐果。(4)AC-3741也具有高度的杀螨效力,对棉红蜘蛛的毒杀效力超出甲基 E-1059和马拉硫磷,残效也较好。 相似文献
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家蝇(Musca domestica L.)分布广,易采集和饲养,且生活史短(15天左右1代),繁殖力强,无滞育现象,不受季节限制,是实验室常用的标准试虫之一。常用于杀虫剂的一般毒力测定、精密触杀毒力作用 相似文献
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20种杀虫剂对七星瓢虫不同虫态的毒力测定 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
室内条件下对七星瓢虫（Ｃｏｃｃｉｎｅｌｌａｓｅｐｔｅｍｐｕｎｃｔａｔａ）幼虫,成虫和蛹的触杀毒力测定结果表明,不同发育阶段的七星瓢虫对２０种杀虫剂的敏感度不同,以幼虫是敏感,成虫和蛹耐药性较强。所测２０种杀虫剂对七星瓢虫的毒性差异很大,结果为：高效氯氰菊酯,辛硫磷,甲基对硫磷,齐螨素和好年冬５种杀虫剂对七星瓢虫的成虫,幼虫和蛹均具有很大的毒性,在测试浓度下对成虫和幼虫的杀伤力均为１００％,甲基对硫 相似文献
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七星瓢虫不同虫态对杀虫剂反应的研究初报 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
室内条件下对七星瓢虫(Coccinella septempunctata)卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的触杀毒力测定结果表明,不同发育阶段的七星瓢虫对抗蚜威、伏杀磷和久效磷的反应一致;与对照药剂久效磷相比:①抗蚜威、伏杀磷处理七星瓢虫卵120小时的相对毒力指数分别为0.0483和0.3187;②抗蚜威和伏杀磷对七星瓢虫四龄幼虫24小时的相对毒力指数分别为0.1088和0.4056;③抗蚜威和伏杀磷处理蛹216小时的相对毒力指教分别为0.0540和0.5990;④抗蚜威和伏杀磷对瓢虫成虫24小时的相对毒力指数分别为0.1406和0.0623。可见,与常规使用的杀虫剂久效磷相比,抗蚜威和伏杀磷对七星瓢虫的各种虫态均具有高度选择性。 相似文献
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灭多威与杀虫剂的联合毒力研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
室内采用浸渍法、喷雾法和点滴法分别进行了灭多威与杀螟硫磷、灭多威与异丙威对蚜虫和粘虫的联合毒力测定。结果表明灭多威与杀螟硫磷以１：７比例混配对蚜虫和粘虫均表现为增效作用,共毒系数（ＣＴＣ）分别为２４９．０３和１８０．３０;灭多威与异丙威以１：２比例混配对蚜虫和粘虫表现为显著增效,共毒系数分别为２３５．４５和２７４．３０。比较了３种生测方法对灭多威的杀虫活性影响 相似文献
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棉叶螨也称为棉红蜘蛛,属蛛形纲叶螨科,其种类繁多,分布范围广,世代周期短,是为害棉花的一类重要害螨。目前,用于防治棉叶螨的化学药剂主要是神经毒剂及呼吸抑制剂2大类,且棉叶螨对多数药剂产生了不同程度的抗性,以二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae为首的植食性害螨已成为世界上抗药性最严重的节肢动物之一。美国路易斯安那州棉田二斑叶螨种群对阿维菌素产生了1 415倍抗性,而国内棉花上棉叶螨主要对有机磷类药剂产生了较强抗性,最高为467倍。棉叶螨产生抗药性的机制主要涉及靶标突变及解毒代谢增强,其中靶标突变主要涉及乙酰胆碱酯酶、电压门控钠离子通道和谷氨酸门控氯离子通道等;细胞色素P450单加氧酶、羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶等一种或多种解毒酶共同参与害螨对化学药剂的解毒代谢。该文主要从棉叶螨的种类及分布、用于防治棉叶螨的化学药剂、棉叶螨的抗药性现状、抗药性机制解析和抗药性治理策略5个方面进行阐述,提出因地制宜的抗药性治理策略,旨在为棉叶螨的田间防治提供指导。 相似文献
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Mohammad Amin Jalali Thomas Van Leeuwen Luc Tirry Patrick De Clercq 《Phytoparasitica》2009,37(4):323-326
The toxicity of pirimicarb, imidacloprid, dimethoate, lambda-cyhalothrin, flonicamid and spinosad to the two-spot ladybird,
Adalia bipunctata, was evaluated in a laboratory study. Susceptibility of fourth instars and female adults was assessed by measuring toxicity
via residual contact and ingestion through feeding on contaminated green peach aphids (Myzus persicae). Flonicamid and spinosad had no lethal effects on larvae and female adults. Pirimicarb was harmless to the predator by ingestion
exposure but showed some residual toxicity at high concentrations to both larval and adult stages. Imidacloprid was highly
toxic to the larval stage by residual and ingestion exposure but caused very low adult mortality when ingested through contaminated
prey. Dimethoate and lambda-cyhalothrin were highly toxic to both the larval and adult stages of the ladybird. Our findings
indicate that pest management programs in agricultural crops using dimethoate, lambda-cyhalothrin and, to a lesser degree,
imidacloprid, are detrimental to A. bipunctata, whereas pirimicarb, flonicamid and spinosad are more compatible with the use of this predator. 相似文献
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The species composition and seasonal cycle ofTetranychus urticae Koch (two-spotted spider mite) andEotetranychus uncatus Garman (garman spider mite; the two species were evaluated together),Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher) (hawthom red spider nite),Panonychus ulni (Koch) (European red mite),Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten) (brown mite) (Acari Tetranychidae),Cenopalpus pulcher Can and Fanz. (flat scarlet mite) (Tenuipalpidae) and their natural enemies (Phytoseiidae and Stigmaeidae family members)
were compared in two apple orchards during the years 2000 to 2002 in Tokat, Turkey. One orchard was pesticide-free, and the
other was sprayed. Surveys were carried out once a week from April to November and the differences in the dominant species
of spider mites and phytoseiid mites between the two orchards were recorded. In the sprayed orchard, the dominant phytophagous
mites wereA. vienensis andP. ulmi whereas in the unsprayed orchardE uncatus andC pulcher were abundant. It was found that the predatory mites were able to control spider mites in the unsprayed orchard, but the
population level was not adequate to control them in the sprayed orchard, presumably due to the excessive use of pesticides. 相似文献
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J. Meltzer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1972,78(3):77-88
The antibiotic MYC 8005, known as an acaricide, appeared to possess strong growth inhibiting properties, not only in immature stages of spider mites but also in larvae of several insect species. Adult mites and insects seemed not to be affected. However, the fecundity of femaleTetranychus cinnabarinus was strongly reduced by deposits of MYC 8005 on the leaves of bean plants. The feeding of adult houseflies and Colorado potato beetles with MYC 8005 resulted in complete or almost complete sterilization of the insects. The sterilizing effect appeared to be caused by inhibition of maturing processes, in particular of yolk formation in the eggs, whereas follicles looked normal. These facts, and the strong reduction of the fat body in treated insects, suggest that the lipid and protein metabolism are disturbed by MYC 8005. 相似文献
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J.V. CROSS 《Plant pathology》1984,33(3):417-423
During 1980 and 1981, a large-scale trial of the biological control of two-spotted spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae Koch) on protected strawbenies, using the predatory'mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, was done in 52 'walk-in' plastic tunnels on a commercial nursery in southern England. Introductions of predatory mites in March or early April at a rate of one per plant were consistently successful. In 1980, when predators had not been introduced the previous year (so enabling large numbers of spider mites to overwinter) peak mite populations were large, causing slight foliar damage in some tunnels before control was achieved. In 1981, only a small residual population of spider mites had survived from the previous year and peak numbers were small; the crop appeared healthy and there was no visible damage by mites. For jdequate control, reintroduction of predators was found to be necessary when CTops were replanted in the summer following soil cultivation and sterilization with methyl bromide.
A population assessment method for two-spotted spider mite based on counting aggregations of the mites was devised. The mean number of spider mites (all stages) per leaf was found to be approximately the same as the number of leaves with five or more mites present in a 25-leaf sample. 相似文献
A population assessment method for two-spotted spider mite based on counting aggregations of the mites was devised. The mean number of spider mites (all stages) per leaf was found to be approximately the same as the number of leaves with five or more mites present in a 25-leaf sample. 相似文献
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UDA-245 is a Chenopodium-based natural insecticide. Forty-eight hours after treatment with this compound, Orius insidiosus (Say) and Aphidius colemani Viereck showed slight contact toxicity at 5 g AI liter(-1). There was no residual toxicity to A colemani. These two beneficials are currently used in commercial flower and vegetable greenhouses for the management of thrips, spider mites, aphids and small caterpillars. In contrast, abamectin and insecticidal soap were toxic by contact to both species. UDA-245 did not reduce the number of eggs laid by treated O insidiosus. The eclosion of these eggs was also not adversely affected by UDA-245. The other two insecticides, abamectin and insecticidal soap had no effect on the emergence of A colemani from treated aphid mummies. However, abamectin decreased the percentage of aphid parasitism by A colemani following a residual treatment. The LC50 for UDA-245 for the two beneficials is slightly over twice the recommended field dose. 相似文献
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Antibiosis of maize inbred lines to the carmine spider mite, tetranychus cinnabarinus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The antibiosis of tenZea mays L. inbred lines to the carmine spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) (Acari: Tetranychidae), was evaluated. Two maize inbred lines previously reported as resistant to this spider
mite and a susceptible inbred line were compared with B96 (formerly called 41:2504B), reported as being resistant to the two-spotted
spider mite T. urticae and to the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner). Other lines were derived from B96. All lines originated in the U.S.A. and were tested in Israel at two different
growth stages. Four days after inoculation of detached leaf squares with adult mites, significant differences in susceptibility
were observed among lines. At the 3-leaf stage lines B68, B96, B79, A619, B65, B49 and B64 reduced the average mite daily
fecundity by 43%, 64%, 66%, 67%, 77%, 81% and 87%, respectively, as compared with the most susceptible line, B52. At the flowering
stage, the average reduction in mite daily fecundity was much lower: inbred lines B64, A619 and B96 reduced the average mite
daily fecundity by 48%, 51% and 86%, respectively, whereas the seven other genotypes had an intermediate or a susceptible
reaction to the carmine spider mite, with A661 being the most susceptible. Our results show that B96 could be used as a source
of resistance in developing improved resistance of inbred lines of maize to carmine spider mites. 相似文献
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1,5‐Diphenyl‐1‐pentanone (A) and 1,5‐diphenyl‐2‐penten‐1‐one (B) are natural products extracted for the first time from Stellera chamaejasme. Laboratory bioassay showed that the two products have strong contact activity and very good anti‐feedant activity against Aphis gossypii and Schizaphis graminum. Both products showed dose‐dependent relationships for both forms of activity against the two aphids, the contact activity of B being about twice that of A. Both products were inferior to methomyl in contact activity but superior in anti‐feedant activity against the two aphids. This is the first report of aphicidal activity in these two compounds, which may represent a new class of aphicide. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Graeme Jones Colin A. M. Campbell Barry J. Pye Sangita P. Maniar Alan Mudd 《Pest management science》1996,47(2):165-169
Colupulone, the main component of the beta-acid fraction of hop extracts, was shown to repel the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch from the surface of plant leaves. The total beta-acid fraction was found more effective in repelling the mites and reducing the number of eggs laid than colupulone at equivalent concentrations, suggesting that other components of the extract have repellent and oviposition-deterring effects. 相似文献