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1.
非淀粉多糖(Non-starch polysaccharides,NSP)是黑麦膳食纤维的主要组成成分,在人类营养中起着重要的作用。为了深入了解黑麦膳食纤维的组成以及不同制备方法对黑麦中NSP的影响,本研究分别采用水提法、碱提法和乙醇-酶-水提法三种方法制备黑麦NSP,得到三种NSP(对应以W-NSP、A-NSP和E-NSP表示),采用DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换和Sepharose CL-4B凝胶色谱柱层析对黑麦NSP进行了分离纯化,NSP的纯度分别由73.43%(W-NSP)、76.57%(A-NSP)和82.10%(E-NSP)提高到了90%以上。本研究还分析了三种黑麦NSP的组成和相对分子质量,结果表明,不同制备方法得到的黑麦NSP中戊聚糖和β-葡聚糖的组成有较大差别,相对分子质量分别为1.55×106(W-NSP)、1.11×106(A-NSP)和1.55×106(E-NSP)。 相似文献
2.
选用 36头体重 66 62± 0 51kg的“杜长大”杂交猪 ,按试验要求分成两组 ,每组 3个重复 ,每个重复 6头。对照组饲喂玉米豆粕型饲粮 ,试验组饲粮则以 36%的大麦替代玉米 ,并加入含有木聚糖酶、β -葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶活性的NSP酶。结果表明 ,试验组肥育猪日增重达 90 4 67g ,比对照组提高了 5 89% (P <0 0 1) ,料重比下降了 7 60 %。从经济效益分析看 ,使用大麦后可降低饲料成本 5 52 % ,而毛猪的销售收入可提高 5 85% ,产出效益比对照组增加了 2 2 96%。 相似文献
3.
添加NSP酶对早籼稻谷及其糙米体外消化的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
早籼稻谷及其糙米体外消化试验结果揭示,添加非淀粉多糖（NSP）复合酶制剂使早籼稻谷干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维的体外消化率分别提高了16.29%、9.10%、 10.11% 和 92.07%, 使糙米中上述营养物质的体外消化率分别提高了27.46%、26.41%、 20.67% 和 7.16%,达极显著水平;使早籼稻谷和糙米中各种氨基酸体外消化率显著提高,幅度分别为9.48%~40.79%和7.93%~41.74% 。添加NSP复合酶制剂使早籼稻谷和糙米体外消化过滤液中葡萄糖含量分别增加了69.39%和88.51%,总氨基酸含量分别增加了11.52% 和11.83%。 相似文献
4.
NSP酶在大麦日粮中的应用研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
应用于大麦日粮的ＮＳＰ酶主要包括β－葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶和纤维素酶。ＮＳＰ酶的作用效果为：提高畜禽生产性能；提高营养物质的消化率；改善动物健康。本文还对ＮＳＰ酶的作用机理作了探讨。 相似文献
5.
播种后遭遇渍害是南方夏大豆生产面临的主要逆境危害之一。为研究不同大豆种质播后对浸水耐性差异表现，以种子浸种120h模拟渍害条件，测定137份大豆材料浸泡液电导率，并进行标准发芽试验，统计种子发芽势（GPP）、发芽率（GP）、正常苗率（NSP）等指标，并利用主成分分析、聚类分析等分析方法对多个指标进行多元统计分析，利用综合耐浸水指标及简易指标对大豆种子耐浸水能力进行等级划分，筛选耐浸水能力强的大豆材料。结果表明，浸水处理120h后，GPP、GP、NSP、轻微损伤粒率（SISP）、严重损伤粒率（IBSP）、烂粒率（DSP）及电导率等6个指标的变异系数均大于50%，GPP、GP和NSP同大豆百粒重呈显著负相关，电导率同百粒重呈显著正相关。利用主成分分析提取两个主成分：“健康因子”和“过渡因子”，贡献率分别为64.45%和15.83%，根据两因子得分矩阵进行聚类分析，可将供试材料划分为3类。利用综合指标法将137份大豆材料划分为5种耐浸水级别，表现耐浸水的大豆材料9份，并在GP、GPP、NSP三个简易耐浸水指标筛选中同时表现耐浸水的大豆材料5份，可作为进一步筛选鉴定的对照种质资源。大豆浸泡液电导率与种子正常苗率相结合可作为大批量筛选耐浸水种质的指标。 相似文献
6.
茶多糖和茶多酚的降血糖作用研究 总被引：24，自引：7，他引：17
目的:研究茶多糖、茶多酚对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病SD大鼠的降血糖作用和机制。方法:饲喂SD大鼠茶多糖、茶多酚3周后,观察大鼠血糖、葡萄糖耐量、血胰岛素以及小肠糖降解酶(淀粉酶、蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶)变化。结果:茶多糖、茶多酚都有显著抑制糖尿病大鼠血糖升高的作用;与对照组比较,茶多糖组大鼠血胰岛素水平有显著提高(P<0.05),蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶活性显著降低(P<0.05);茶多酚组的血胰岛素水平有升高趋势,小肠各降解酶活力也有下降趋势,但与对照组比较均未达到显著水平。结论:茶多糖对高血糖大鼠有显著的抑制血糖升高的作用,茶多糖的作用机制可能是抑制小肠糖降解酶活性。 相似文献
7.
应用PCR方法从感染香蕉束顶病毒的香蕉植株幼嫩假茎和叶片总DNA中克隆NSP (Nuclear shuttle protein)基因的编码区,并通过Gateway技术定向重组到原核表达载体pDEST~(TM)-17中的6xHis标签下游,经菌落PCR和测序鉴定结果表明,成功构建了原核表达载体pDEST~(TM)-17-NSP.阳性克隆转化Ecoli BL21(DE3),经IFFG诱导表达、SDS-PAGE分析和western blot检测,结果显示,融合蛋白以包涵体的形式稳定表达,分子量约为20 ku,与预计值相符.通过诱导条件的优化,确定了最佳的融合蛋白表达条件为25℃、0.1 mmol/L IPTG条件下诱导4h.从而为制备NSP多克隆抗体和进一步研究NSP的功能奠定了基础. 相似文献
8.
哈茨木霉抗多菌灵突变株对大豆菌核病的诱导抗性生理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过测定接种菌核病菌后不同时间大豆植株抗逆酶活性的变化,研究了土壤中施用拮抗真菌哈茨木霉菌及其抗多菌灵突变株对植株抗逆生理的影响。结果表明:哈茨木霉突变菌株的处理对SOD酶的诱导出现较早,在接种4 h后酶活开始增强,而接种后36 h相比对照可提高67%以上;接种72 h后POD酶活比对照提高27.3%;而MDA含量与对照相比,却始终处于相对较低水平。表明哈茨木霉菌抗多菌灵突变株的应用具有诱导植株抗逆酶活性提高及增强植株抗病能力的作用。 相似文献
9.
通过DPPH~·、ABTS和0H~·自由基清除率试验测定了单宁酶处理乌龙茶水浸出液的抗氧化活性,并以透光率为指标评价浸出液的澄清度,研究了单宁酶处理对乌龙茶水浸出液抗氧化活性和澄清度的影响。结果表明,乌龙茶的水浸出液经单宁酶作用后,对DPPH~·、ABTS~·和0H~·自由基的清除能力均有增强,其中IC_(50)分别降低了14.5%、15.4%和44.5%;保存4周后,经单宁酶解的水浸出液透光率基本不变(T_(640)为81.10),而未经酶解的水浸出液透光率明显下降(T_(640)由82.67降至33.37),说明茶水浸出液经单宁酶酶解处理后,其贮存稳定性显著提高。因此,单宁酶可有效提高乌龙茶水浸出液的抗氧化活性以及茶汤的稳定性。 相似文献
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11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
20.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献