共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
The residual effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on selected chemical properties of an Alfisol in the long term soil fertility trial established in 1950 at Samaru, Nigerian savanna was assessed. The trial was left fallow for fourteen years due to lack of funds. Topsoil was collected from plots that received three levels of cow dung （D）, nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） in all possible combinations. The soils were analyzed for selected chemical properties. Except for significant effect of applied P on available P, sole application of cow dung, N or P had no significant effect on all the measured soil properties. The interaction of D and P significantly affected the mean values of exchangeable Ca, Mg, K and ECEC in the range of 1.12-1.96, 0.62-1.11, 0.37-0.64 and 2.82-4.11 cmol/kg respectively. The most important results were the ability of the plot that received neither D nor P to significantly increase these parameters than the plots that received only one of the treatments. The results show that the fallow period has changed the effects of application of organic and mineral fertilizers on the soil chemical properties under continuous cultivation by modifying them towards those of a native savanna Alfisol. 相似文献
2.
The objective of our study was to determine the effects of four types of fertilisers enrichments （manure potassic （K）, phosphatic （P）, phosphatic and potassic （PK） and nitrogenized, phosphated and potassic （NPK）） on chemical composition and dry matter in cassava （Manihot esculenta） organs （clone 1171） during harvest period. The pots experiment was laid out in randomised complete bloc design with five treatments and four replications. Water, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, total proteins and total lipids contents of the leaves, shoots and tubers were determined. After 9 months growing period, results showed that fertilizer types enriched with K, PK and NPK significantly increased the organic compounds contents of the leaves （P〈0.05）. Furthermore, fertilizers with high phosphorus content significantly increased the lipid contents of the leaves （25%）. Fertilizers enriched with NPK positively influenced the biomass partitioning in Manihot esculenta. Application of fertilizers enriched with NPK led to higher levels of total proteins in the leaves and tubers （70 mg g DM^-1 and 30 mg g DM^-1 respectively） compared to control （17 mg g DM^-1 and 9 mg g DM^-1 respectively）. These results help to demonstrate the value of these fertilizers enrichment to improve the chemical composition and dry matter partitioning of cassava. 相似文献
3.
S. Bijelie B. Golosin J. Ninie Todorovie S. Cerovie 《农业科学与技术》2011,(3):310-317
This paper reviews results of some morphometric properties and chemical analyses of natural populations of the Cornelian cherry collected in the Vojvodina Province in 2008. Purpose of this study was the selection of the best genotypes for future breeding program until the final goal and that is standardizing Cornelian cherry cultivars. Chemical content has been found to depend on the genotype. Total sugar content in fruits ranged from 11.77% （CPC16） to 41.62% （BPC7）, vitamin C from 17.15 mg/100 g （APC8） to 42.30 rag/100 g of fresh fruit （APC2）, Ca pectat from 0.17% （APC6） to 2.52% （KC 1 ） and anthocyanin from 22.65 mg/100 g （APC4）to 96.30 rag/100 g of fresh fruit （BPC1）. Cornelian cherry fruits have an especially high content of minerals compared with other fruit species： the potassium content （in ppm） ranges from 2330 （APC6） to 11487 （APC4）, the calcium content from 33.80 （APC6） to 1307.70 （BPC1）, the sodium content from 22.82 （BPC8） to 273.48 （APC8）, the magnesium content from 10.20 （APC6） to 372.80 （APC8） and the iron content from 2.38 （KC2） to 14.40 （APCS）. The balanced content of nutrients, a wide range of food products made from the Cornelian cherry and an extremely high nutritional value make this fruit species a highly recommendable food item, especially if it comes from organic production. 相似文献
4.
The study area is located in Duhok province-Kurdistan region-Northern Iraq and including two locations the first location is situated in Galbook village and the vegetation cover is trees of （Quercus aegilops L.）, the second location is situated in Koradeer village that covered with threes of Prunus dulcis （Mill.） Webb.. Disturbed surface soil samples at depth 0-30 cm were collected at four different distances （1, 5, 10 and 15 m） from the tree with randomized selection three trees in each study location. Soil organic matter decreases with increasing distances from tree in both locations under two different trees species, which is attributed to the effect of tree crown. Ordinarily, organic matter content in both locations correspond to the requirements of Mollisols. Statistical analysis of data showed significant differences in organic matter content between locations. Cation exchange capacity is high under tree crown and decreasing with distances from tree in both locations, as a result of decreasing organic matter and increasing calcium carbonate with distances. Commonly soil pH is slightly increased with increasing distances from tree because of increasing calcium carbonate with distances and decreasing organic matter content. Calcium was not uniform with distances and Mg decreasing with distances in both locations. The values of fine clay/coarse clay and fine clay/total clay of soil samples confirm development of the soils under study. Porosity percentage under tree crown is high and decreasing with distances. Soil bulk density was increased with distances in both locations, as a result of decreasing organic matter content with distances. This study aims to explain the effect of tree distances and species on the mollic horizon properties. 相似文献
5.
Medicinal plants provide an important source of cure since ancient time. Poor soil resources, scarce and saline water and the harsh environment limited the production of plants in the Arabian Gulf countries. This study aimed to investigate the production potential of rosemary （Rosmarinus officinalis L.） grown on different growth media under greenhouse conditions. Three growth media agricultural soil, compost and hydroponic system were used, whereas tuff （inert volcanic material） was used as substrate. The result indicated that the high salinity of the agricultural soil limited growth and oil yield in rosemary. Shoot height increased in 11 weeks, by 62%, 65% and 114% in plants grown in agricultural soil, hydroponic system and compost, respectively. Na content in plants grown in agricultural soil was significantly higher than in plants grown in the other treatment. Essential oil yield in plants grown in compost exceeded those in agricultural soil by 114%. Essential oil content （0.66%-1.5% w/w） and chemical constituents concentrations did not change significantly with growth media. The main constituents, more or less, are comparable to essential oils constituents reported from other countries. In comparison, better yields are obtained for individual components of the oils of plants grown under our green house conditions. This study demonstrated the great potential of commercial production of rosemary in the greenhouse without compromising the oil quality and oil yield. 相似文献
6.
The objective of this study was to technically and economically assess the effect of biopesticides on the serious plant parasitic nematode Radopholus similis on banana in Costa Rica. The following treatments were evaluated： a mixture of nematode trapping fungi-Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. botryospora, Dactylella brochophaga and Drechmeria coniospora; DiTera DF which consist of a ＂dead＂ fungus Myrothecium spp. and its fermentation substrate; Savitan produced from desert plant extracts; QL Agri which contain Quillaja saponaria extracts; Japanese-style compost called Bokashi; two application of a chemical nematicide; and an absolute control. Results of root sampling on a six month basis showed that the biopesticides had lower nematode population densities than the control with the nematode trapping-fungi having statistically significant differences over the other treatments. Chemical control was highly effective and produced the lowest nematode density. However, there were no significant differences between the chemical treatment and the trapping-fungi treatment. The functional root weight and bunch weight showed no significant differences between treatments. Conversely, economic analyses indicated that using nematode trapping-fungi, chemical nematieide, or the QL Agri treatments gave a detectable profit. The land expectation value （LEV） of the banana plantation was higher than the price of banana land which indicated that under normal conditions in the banana sector, production is economically sustainable / profitable. Other results confirm that profit in banana production is affected by the price of a banana box, production and discount rate. The optimal production cycle was obtained in year ten after farm establishment, which refers to the year with the highest profit following plantation renewal. Finally, economical results highlighted the importance of nematodes control, since profitability indexes were sensitive to the efficiency and cost of nematode management technology adopted by the banana company. 相似文献
7.
Effect of Crop-Straw Derived Biochars on Pb(Ⅱ) Adsorption in Two Variable Charge Soils 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Two variable charge soils were incubated with biochars derived from straws of peanut, soybean, canola, and rice to investigate the effect of the biochars on their chemical properties and Pb（II） adsorption using batch experiments. The results showed soil cation exchange capacity （CEC） and pH significantly increased after 30 d of incubation with the biochars added. The incorporation of the biochars markedly increased the adsorption of Pb（II）, and both the electrostatic and non-electrostatic adsorption mechanisms contributed to Pb（II） adsorption by the variable charge soils. Adsorption isotherms illustrated legume- straw derived biochars more greatly increased Pb（II） adsorption on soils through the non-electrostatic mechanism via the formation of surface complexes between Pb（II） and acid functional groups of the biochars than did non-legume straw biochars. The adsorption capacity of Pb（II） increased, while the desorption amount slightly decreased with the increasing suspension pH for the studied soils, especially in a high suspension pH, indicating that precipitation also plays an important role in immobilizing Pb（II） to the soils. 相似文献
8.
Nitric oxide（NO）,a bioactive signaling molecule,serves as an antioxidant and anti-stress agent under abiotic stress.A hydroponics experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium nitroprusside（SNP）,a NO donor,on tomato seedlings exposed to 50 μmol L-1CuCl 2.The results show that copper is primarily stored in the soluble cell sap fraction in the roots,especially after treatment with Cu＋SNP treatment,which accounted for 66.2% of the total copper content.The copper concentration gradually decreased from the roots to the leaves.In the leaves,exogenous NO induces the storage of excess copper in the cell walls.Copper stress decreases the proportion of copper integrated with pectates and proteins,but exogenous NO remarkably reverses this trend.The alleviating effect of NO is blocked by hemoglobin.Thus,exogenous NO is likely involved in the regulation of the subcellular copper concentrations and its chemical forms under copper stress.Although exogenous NO inhibited the absorption and transport of excess copper to some extent,the copper accumulation in tomato seedlings significantly increased under copper stress.The use of exogenous NO to enhance copper tolerance in some plants is a promising method for copper remediation. 相似文献
9.
XU Man-yu ZHOU Ting ZHAO Yan-ying LI Jia-bao XU Heng DONG Han-song ZHANG Chun-ling 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2014,(12):2565-2576
The harpin protein Hpa1 produced by the rice bacterial blight pathogen promotes plant growth and induces plant resistance to pathogens and insect pests. The region of 10-42 residues （Hpa110-42） in the Hpa1 sequence is critical as the isolated Hpa110-42 fragment is 1.3-7.5-fold more effective than the full length in inducing plant growth and resistance. Here we report that transgenic expression of Hpa110-42 in wheat induces resistance to English grain aphid, a dominant species of wheat aphids. Hpa110-42-induced resistance is effective to inhibit the aphid behavior in plant preference at the initial colonization stage and repress aphid performances in the reproduction, nymph growth, and instar development on transgenic plants. The resistance characters are correlated with enhanced expression of defense-regulatory genes （EIN2, PP2-A, and GSL10） and consistent with induced expression of defense response genes （Hel, PDF1.2, PR-1b, and PR-2b）. As a result, aphid infestations are alleviated in transgenic plants. The level of Hpa110-42-induced resistance in regard to repression of aphid infestations is equivalent to the effect of chemical control provided by an insecticide. These results suggested that the defensive role of Hpa110-42 can be integrated into breeding germplasm of the agriculturally signiifcant crop with a great potential of the agricultural application. 相似文献
10.
红黄壤茶园不同培肥模式的土壤理化效应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过长期定位试验,研究闽东地区红黄壤茶园不施肥(CK)、全量化肥(C)、(半量化肥+半量有机肥)(C1/2O1/2)、全量有机肥(O)、(全量化肥+豆科绿肥)(CL)及(半量化肥+半量有机肥+豆科绿肥)(C1/2O1/2L)等6种不同培肥模式下土壤理化性质的动态变化。结果表明:与CK模式相比,其他模式均能一定程度上改良土壤理化性状。其中,处理O和C1/2O1/2L的改良效益相对较佳,砂粒(0.05 mm相似文献
11.
Chemical industry project management involves complex decision making situations that require discerning abilities and methods to make sound decisions. Chemical engineers as project managers are faced with decision environments and problems in chemical industry projects that are complex. Multiple-criteria decision making （MCDM） approaches are major parts of decision theory and analysis. This paper presents all of MCDM approaches for use in chemical engineering management decisions. In this work, case study is Research and Development （R＆D） project selection in chemical industry. The ability to make sound decisions is very important to success of R＆D projects. It is hoped that this work will provide a ready reference on MCDM and this will encourage the application of the MCDM in chemical engineering management. 相似文献
12.
为筛选出适宜安康烤烟生产的有机肥种类及配套的化肥减施量,本研究采用二因素随机区组设计,设置3种有机肥、3个化肥减施比例共9个处理,以常规纯化肥为对照(CK),进行比较试验。结果表明,有机肥种类间株高、茎围、最大叶面积、产量、产值和上等烟比例差异显著,化肥不同减施量间株高、茎围、有效叶数、最大叶面积、产量、产值和上等烟比例差异显著,两因素间互作不显著。烤烟农艺性状上表现为蚯蚓粪>油饼>酒糟,经济性状上表现为蚯蚓粪=油饼>酒糟。综合大田长势、产值和生态效应,蚯蚓粪3000 kg/hm2+烟草专用肥810 kg/hm2（较常规用量减少10%）为最优处理,油饼750 kg/hm2+烟草专用肥855 kg/hm2（较常规用量减少5%）和酒糟750 kg/hm2+烟草专用肥855 kg/hm2（较常规用量减少5%）为次好处理。 相似文献
13.
【目的】研究化学封顶剂不同浓度的增效缩节胺对棉花不同品种的封顶效果,为新疆棉花化学封顶技术的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以新陆早61号、新陆早67号、新陆早72号为材料,不打顶和人工打顶为对照,设置低浓度(缩节胺90 g/hm2+助剂60 ml/hm2)、中浓度(180 g/hm2+120 ml/hm2)、高浓度(270 g/hm2+180 ml/hm2)3个处理,研究喷施不同浓度化学封顶剂对棉花农艺性状及产量、品质的影响。【结果】与不打顶相比,化学封顶有效控制棉株农艺性状;与人工打顶处理相比,高浓度处理(270 g/hm2+180 ml/hm2)下株高增加了3.0~8.7 cm、果枝数增加了0.8~1.93 台、株宽降低1.4%~3.4 %、主茎节间数增加了0.7~1.2 节。与人工打顶处理相比,产量构成因子各浓度处理下无显著差异。【结论】使用高浓度增效缩节胺封顶具有更好的封顶效应。增效缩节胺化学封顶剂的使用,可以有效替代人工打顶,且产量、品质不降低。 相似文献
14.
【目的】研究秸秆配施化肥对暗棕壤团聚体组成、团聚体碳氮含量、土壤微生物量特征及小麦产量的影响,揭示长期秸秆配施化肥下土壤肥力和生产力的协同提升机制。【方法】依托长期定位40年施肥试验,选取4个处理：单施化肥(NP)、秸秆配施化肥(S+NP)、秸秆配施1/2化肥(S+1/2NP)、秸秆配施1/4化肥(S+1/4NP),其中秸秆为麦秸隔年还田,用量为3 000 kg·hm-2,氮磷化肥用量为150 kg N·hm-2、150 kg P2O5·hm-2。采集0—20 cm土层土样,利用湿筛法得到不同粒级的水稳性团聚体,测定团聚体中有机碳(SOC)、氮含量及土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)、微生物量氮(SMBN)含量。【结果】(1)长期秸秆配施化肥显著降低土壤容重并提高了团聚体稳定性,和NP相比,S+NP处理土壤容重降低4.7%,>2 mm团聚体含量、平均重量直径(MWD)和几何重量直径(GWD)分别提升254.4%、76.5%和91.3%。(2)S+NP、S+1/2NP处理>2... 相似文献
15.
不同配肥方案对黑土有机碳含量及碳库管理指数的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
【目的】研究减施化学氮肥而相应增施有机肥对土壤有机碳含量及碳库管理指数的影响,寻找最佳的有机无机配比施肥方案。【方法】以黑龙江双城黑土为研究对象,共设5个施肥处理,分别为单施化肥(T1)、施5/6(N)+1/6有机肥(T2)、施4/6(N)+ 2/6有机肥(T3)、施3/6(N)+3/6有机肥(T4)、施2/6(N)+ 4/6有机肥(T5)。选用经典测定方法对各处理进行有机碳、活性有机碳的测定,进而算出碳库管理指数。【结果】施2/6(N)+ 4/6有机肥与施3/6(N)+3/6有机肥土壤有机碳含量和活性有机碳含量分别比单施无机肥高15.7%、6.4%和8.2%、10.9%;施3/6(N)+ 3/6有机肥与施5/6(N)+1/6有机肥碳库管理指数(CPMI)最高,其平均值比施2/6(N)+ 4/6有机肥和单施无机肥处理均高13.0%;单施无机肥、施5/6(N)+1/6有机肥与施3/6(N)+ 3/6有机肥粮食产量平均值高于其它处理9.1%。【结论】有机肥无机肥的不同配比对土壤有机碳、活性有机碳、碳库管理指数及粮食产量均有显著影响,施3/6(N)+ 3/6有机肥的处理能显著提高土壤有机碳、活性有机碳、碳库管理指数及粮食产量,是双城有机无机配肥的最佳方式。 相似文献
16.
[目的]为提高棉花产量、品质,研究黄腐酸钾的最佳用量。[方法]采用大田随机区组定位试验,设置6个处理,CK:不施肥,F:单施化肥750 kg/hm~2,F+H1:化肥750 kg/hm~2配施黄腐酸钾75 kg/hm~2,F+H2:化肥750 kg/hm~2配施黄腐酸钾150 kg/hm~2,F+H3:化肥750 kg/hm~2配施黄腐酸钾300 kg/hm~2,F+H4:化肥750 kg/hm~2配施黄腐酸钾450 kg/hm~2,定位4年后测定棉花株高、果枝数、成铃数、单铃重、衣分、籽棉产量、纤维品质等指标。[结果]化肥与黄腐酸钾配施能促进棉花后期的营养生长与生殖生长,随着黄腐酸钾用量增加秋桃数与秋桃比例呈增加趋势;单株铃数、籽棉产量、皮棉产量呈随黄腐酸钾用量增加而增加的趋势,4个配施黄腐酸钾处理较单施化肥处理籽棉产量分别提高3.3%、5.4%、5.2%与9.0%;配施黄腐酸钾提高了棉花纤维品质,尤其是对纺纱均匀性指数有显著提升作用。[结论]化肥配合施用黄腐酸钾450 kg/hm~2,可有效提高棉花产量,改善棉花纤维品质。 相似文献
17.
紫云英与化肥配施对早稻种植效益的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]明确早稻生产中紫云英与化肥的合理施用比例。[方法]以株两优4026作为供试早稻品种,共设7个处理,其中以不施肥作为对照,研究紫云英与化肥配施对早稻产量及经济效益的影响,筛选出紫云英与化肥的最佳配施比例。[结果]各处理的生长性状均优于对照,其中以80%化肥+20%紫云英处理的株高和穗长最高,分别为87.1和20.9 cm;60%化肥+40%紫云英处理的产量最高,达8 052.0 kg/hm~2,其次为80%化肥+20%紫云英处理,为7 953.0 kg/hm~2,增产率分别为31.67%、30.05%;60%化肥+40%紫云英处理的经济效益最高,产值达17 715.0元/hm~2,收益也最高,达16 239.0元/hm~2,比CK增收2 785.5元/hm~2;以80%化肥+20%紫云英处理的养分积累总量最大,N、P2O5、K2O的积累总量分别为183.0、79.5、241.5 kg/hm~2。[结论]综合分析,60%化肥+40%紫云英处理的效果最好,有利于提高早稻产量和增加收益。 相似文献
18.
19.
经过长期定位试验，建立土壤速效磷与农肥、化肥、秸秆关系的数学模型并探讨作物生育后期土壤速效磷合量的变化规律。分析表明，作物生育后期，土壤速效磷含量随农肥用量增加而呈上升趋势；而化肥效益随着用量的增加而迅速下降；在农肥、化肥用量较高时，秸秆的效果较好；农肥、化肥用量较低时，效果不明显，农肥、化肥、秸秆之间存在着明显的正文互作用。 相似文献
20.
对银白杨（Populus alba）×［白榆（Ulmus pumila)+新疆杨（P.alba var.pyramidalis）失活花粉］的亲本和子代进行了核型分析。结果表明:银白杨,2n=38=1M+30m(1SAT)+4sm+1st+2t;银榆杨（P.× alba L.‘yinyu’）1号,2n=38=1M+30m(1SAT)+4sm+1st+2t; 银榆杨2号,2n=38=1M+30m(2SAT)+4sm+1st+2t。白榆的染色体2n=28。银白杨和银榆杨的染色体数目相同,核型差异很小。随体的数量可能与银榆杨和银白杨表型不同有关。推测,银白杨×白榆的杂种胚在发育时先形成了以银白杨染色体为主的单倍体,后经染色体自然加倍形成二倍体银榆杨。 相似文献