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1.
Drought and heat are among the main abiotic stresses causing severe damage to the cereal productivity when occur at reproductive stages. In this study, ten wheat cultivars were screened for combined heat and drought tolerance imposed at booting, heading, anthesis and post‐anthesis stages, and role of the foliage applied plant extracts was evaluated in improving the performance of differentially responding wheat cultivars under terminal heat and drought stresses. During both years, wheat crop was raised under ambient temperature and 70% water holding capacity (WHC) till leaf boot stage. The plant extracts (3% each) of sorghum, brassica, sunflower and moringa were foliage applied at booting, anthesis and post‐anthesis stage; and after one week of application of these plant extracts, combined heat and drought was imposed at each respective stage. Heat and drought stresses were imposed at each respective stage by placing pots in glass canopies with temperature of 4 ± 2°C above than the ambient temperature in combination with drought stress (35% WHC) until maturity. Combination of drought and heat stresses significantly reduced the performance of tested wheat cultivars; however, stress at the booting and heading stages was more damaging than the anthesis and post‐anthesis stages. Cultivars Mairaj‐2008 and Chakwal‐50 remained green with extended duration for grain filling, resulting in the maintenance of number of grains per spike and 100‐grain weight under stress conditions and thus had better grain yield and water‐use efficiency. However, in cultivars Fsd‐2008, and Shafaq‐2006, the combined imposition of drought and heat accelerated the grain filling rate with decrease in grain filling duration, grain weight and grain yield. Foliar application of all the plant extracts improved the wheat performance under terminal heat and drought stress; however, brassica extract was the most effective. This improvement in grain yield, water‐use efficiency and transpiration efficiency due to foliage applied plant extracts, under terminal heat and drought stress, was owing to better stay‐green character and accumulation of more soluble phenolics, which imparted stress tolerance as indicated by relatively stable grain weight and grain number. In crux, growing of stay‐green wheat cultivars with better grain filling and foliage application of plant extracts may help improving the performance of bread wheat under combined heat and drought stresses.  相似文献   

2.
The allelopathic water extracts (AWEs) may help improve the tolerance of crop plants against abiotic stresses owing to the presence of the secondary metabolites (i.e., allelochemicals). We conducted four independent experiments to evaluate the influence of exogenous application of AWEs (applied through seed priming or foliage spray) in improving the terminal heat and drought tolerance in bread wheat. In all the experiments, two wheat cultivars, viz. Mairaj‐2008 (drought and heat tolerant) and Faisalabad‐2008 (drought and heat sensitive), were raised in pots. Both wheat cultivars were raised under ambient conditions in the wire house till leaf boot stage (booting) by maintaining the pots at 75% water‐holding capacity (WHC). Then, managed drought and heat stresses were imposed by maintaining the pots at 35% WHC, or shifting the pots inside the glass canopies (at 75% WHC), at booting, anthesis and the grain filling stages. Drought stress reduced the grain yield of wheat by 39%–49%. Foliar application of AWEs improved the grain yield of wheat by 26%–31%, while seed priming with AWEs improved the grain yield by 18%–26%, respectively, than drought stress. Terminal heat stress reduced the grain yield of wheat by 38%. Seed priming with AWEs improved the grain yield by 21%–27%; while foliar application of AWEs improved the grain yield by 25%–29% than the heat stress treatment. In conclusion, the exogenous application of AWEs improved the stay green, accumulation of proline, soluble phenolics and glycine betaine, which helped to stabilize the biological membranes and improved the tolerance against terminal drought and heat stresses.  相似文献   

3.
The presence or absence of the staygreen trait was screened for 3 consecutive years in 963 wheat lines from various sources, including Indian and CIMMYT germplasm. Staygreen was assessed at the late dough stage by visual scoring (0–9 scale) and the leaf area under greenness (LAUG) measurement. Around 5.5 % of the lines were staygreen, 10.5 % were moderately staygreen, and the remaining lines showed little or no expression of the trait. One hundred lines showing diversity for the staygreen trait were sown under three different sowing dates (timely, late and very late) for 3 consecutive years in three replications to determine the association of staygreen with heat tolerance. There was a decline in yield, biomass, grain filling duration (GFD) and 1,000 grain weight (TGW) under late and very late sowing conditions owing to terminal stress at anthesis and later stages. However, the decline was relatively less in staygreen genotypes compared to the non-staygreen (NSG) ones. The correlation study showed that LAUG and canopy temperature depression (CTD) were strongly correlated. LAUG and CTD were also significantly associated with grain yield, GFD and biomass. To further confirm the association of the staygreen trait with terminal heat stress, individual F2-derived F7 progenies from the cross of the ‘staygreen’ lines with NSG were evaluated for yield and yield traits at the three sowing dates. In each cross, the staygreen progenies showed a significantly smaller decline in yield and TGW under heat stress than the NSG progenies. These results appear to suggest an association between the staygreen trait and terminal heat stress and, thereby, that the staygreen trait could be used as a morphological marker in wheat to screen for heat tolerance.  相似文献   

4.
Summary The objectives of this research were to study the association in bread wheat between spectral reflectance indices (SRIs) and grain yield, estimate their heritability, and correlated response to selection (CR) for grain yield estimated from SRIs under reduced irrigation conditions. Reflectance was measured at three different growth stages (booting, heading and grainfilling) and five SRIs were calculated, namely normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), simple ratio (SR), water index (WI), normalized water index-1 (NWI-1), and normalized water index-2 (NWI-2). Three field experiments were conducted (each with 30 advanced lines) in three different years. Two reduced irrigation environments were created: (1) one-irrigation level (pre-planting), and (2) two-irrigation level (pre-planting and at booting stage), both representing levels of reduced moisture. Maximum yield levels in the experimental zone were generally obtained with 4–6 irrigations. Genotypic variations for all SRIs were significant. Three NIR (near infrared radiation) based indices (WI, NWI-1, and NWI-2) gave the highest level of association (both phenotypic and genotypic) with grain yield under both reduced irrigation environments. Use of the mean SRI values averaged over growth stages and the progressive integration of SRIs from booting to grainfilling increased the capacity to explain variation among genotypes for yield under these reduced irrigation conditions. A higher level of broad-sense heritability was found with the two-irrigation environment (0.80) than with the one-irrigation environment (0.63). Overall, 50% to 75% of the 12.5% highest yielding genotypes, and 50% to 87% of the 25% highest yielding genotypes were selected when the NWI-2 index was applied as an indirect selection tool. Strong genetic correlations, moderate to high heritability, a correlated response for grain yield close to direct selection for grain yield, and a very high efficiency of selecting superior genotypes indicate the potential of using these three SRIs in breeding programs for selecting increased genetic gains in grain yield under reduced irrigation conditions.  相似文献   

5.
[目的]为了更有效、快速的诊断区域不同水分条件下冬小麦的生产潜力,[方法]以冬小麦为对象利用遮雨棚进行水分胁迫试验,通过对不同水分处理下冬小麦光合速率及植被指数的变化研究,分析光合速率和NDVI、EVI、RVI、PRI四种植被指数在生育期的变化特征,建立植被指数与光合速率的最优相关模型。[结果]结果表明：在拔节期至孕穗期,水分胁迫虽然造成了冬小麦植被指数均下降,但是对光合速率的影响不大。在孕穗期至开花期,冬小麦的植被指数和光合速率对水分变化都较为敏感,但是严重和重度干旱胁迫(30%-65%田间持水量(FC))下光合速率和植被指数下降的幅度大,而在中度干旱胁迫及轻度水淹条件(65%-105%FC)下的光合速率和植被指数变化和在充分供水条件下相似,下降幅度较小；研究认为,适度的干旱胁迫和轻度水淹胁迫不会降低冬小麦的光合速率和植被指数,但是严重和重度干旱胁迫会导致孕穗期至开花期的光合速率和植被指数明显下降,光合速率的下降幅度大于植被指数。在严重和重度干旱胁迫条件下EVI指数反映光合作用变化效果最好(严重干旱：Pn= 2.0449EVI - 1.2906,R=0.82,p<0.01；重度干旱：Pn= 1.7742EVI - 1.7021,R=0.79,p<0.01)；在中度干旱胁迫条件下PRI指数最优(Pn= 47.283PRI + 10.887,R=0.38)；而在非干旱胁迫时,NDVI指数更能反映光合作用的变化(充分供水：Pn= 37.982NDVI3.0101,R=0.51,p<0.01；轻度水淹：Pn= 28.024NDVI2.5646,R=0.47,p<0.05)。[结论]根据光合作用和植被指数关系建立的模型可以用于通过遥感指数监测不同水分条件下的冬小麦光合作用,进一步进行产量预报。  相似文献   

6.
以小麦品种皖麦54为试验材料,研究不同氮肥运筹对孕穗期受渍冬小麦旗叶叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明,孕穗期小麦旗叶叶绿素含量最高,随后下降,至成熟期降到最低;渍水处理叶绿素含量下降幅度高于对照处理。对照处理孕穗期后叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo和qp随小麦生育期的推进呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,于渍水处理孕穗期后第11~20天达到最高峰,NPQ呈先降低再升高的趋势。孕穗期渍水7 d后Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo和qp均呈“低–高–低”的变化趋势,与对照相比,Fv/Fm低1.8%~2.3%,Fv/Fo低8.0%~10.9%,ΦPSII则显著低于对照。基肥30%+拔节肥50%+孕穗肥20%(N4)处理生育后期旗叶叶绿素含量显著高于全部氮肥基施(N1)处理,而Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm和qp显著高于N1和基肥70%+拔节肥30%(N2)处理。叶绿素含量与Fv/Fm、qp和ΦPSII呈显著正相关,与NPQ呈显著负相关。ETR-PAR响应曲线的拟合结果表明,孕穗期渍水7 d小麦生育后期旗叶ETRmax、α和Ek值较对照降低。N4的旗叶ETRmax、α和Ek均高于N1和N2。孕穗期渍水7 d条件下不同氮肥运筹方式间各叶绿素荧光参数变异系数高于对照,氮肥的补偿效应较对照明显。氮肥后移运筹方式显著减轻渍水逆境对光合器官的破坏,使小麦生育后期功能叶具有较强的光捕获能力和光化学效率,改善了旗叶光合性能,使灌浆期延长,平均灌浆速率提高,从而较氮肥前移处理显著提高小麦千粒重。  相似文献   

7.
Heat and drought are the most important wheat production constraints worldwide. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the independent and combined effects of drought and heat in SeriM82/Babax population. Genotypes showed 11, 38 and 52% losses in grain yield (YLD) in 2010–11 and 18, 25 and 48% in 2011–12 under heat, drought and combined stress, respectively. Seri M82 had higher YLD than Babax under heat and combined stress. Grain per spike and canopy temperature at vegetative stage (CTv) in irrigated, day to heading and CT at grain‐filling stage (CTg) in drought, CTg and thousand‐grain weight (TGW) in heat and in combined trials were the best predictors of YLD. Results indicated that due to genotype by environment interactions not all stress‐adaptive traits could be accumulated in a single genotype. In general, day to heading, CTg and grain weight are suggested as indirect selection criteria for increasing YLD under heat and drought stresses. In particular, CTg could be used as a rapid and effective criterion for screening a high number of genotypes.  相似文献   

8.
Terminal heat stress has the potential negative impact on wheat production across the world, especially in South Asia. Under the threat of terminal heat stress, wheat genotypes with stay green trait would suffer from high temperature stress during their long grain filling duration (GFD). The genotypes with short GFD would be advantageous. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for heat tolerance, a RIL population of K 7903 (heat tolerant) and RAJ 4014 (heat sensitive) wheat genotypes was investigated under timely and late‐sown conditions. Heat susceptibility index of GFD, yield components and traits under late‐sown condition were used as phenotypic data for QTL identification. Stable QTLs associated with these traits were identified on chromosomes 1B, 2B, 3B, 5A and 6B. The LOD value ranged from 2.9 to 5.0 and the corresponding phenotyping variation explained ranged from 12.0–22%. QTL for heat susceptibility index for the grain filling duration were colocalized with QTL for productive tillers under late sown and GFD under late‐sown condition on chromosomes 1B and 5A, respectively. These genomic regions could be exploited for molecular wheat breeding programmes targeting heat tolerance.  相似文献   

9.
Drought and high temperature are major environmental stress factors threatening wheat production during grain filling stage resulting in substantial yield losses. Four wheat genotypes (Suntop, IAW2013, Scout and 249) were planted under two temperature levels (25 and 30°C) and two water levels (15% and 25% soil moisture content). Wheat yield, leaf δ13C, plant rhizodeposition, shoot biomass and root traits were examined. Low moisture (drought stress) and high temperature (heat stress) decreased the grain yield of all wheat genotypes, in particular 249, while combined drought and temperature stresses had the most pronounced negative effect on plant biomass and grain yield. Decreasing soil water availability decreased the allocation of plant‐derived C to soil organic carbon (SOC) and to microbial biomass through rhizodeposition. Leaf δ13C decreased with increased yield, suggesting that higher yielding genotypes were less water stressed and allocated less C to SOC and microbial biomass through rhizodeposition. Wheat genotypes with lower root/shoot ratios and thinner roots were more efficient at assimilating C to the grain, while genotypes with higher root/shoot ratios and thicker roots allocated more C belowground through rhizodeposition at the expense of producing higher yield. Therefore, improving these traits for enhanced C allocation to wheat grain under variable environmental conditions needs to be considered.  相似文献   

10.
There is a lack of studies that have investigated grain yield, its components and photosynthesis in late stages of wheat growth, giving us insufficient understanding of how these factors interact to contribute to yield during this period. As a result, three field experiments were carried out examining 20 winter wheat genotypes of diverse origins under irrigated, terminal drought and dryland conditions in the southern Idaho. Our objective was to evaluate the interaction between post‐anthesis physiological traits, especially leaf‐level photosynthetic capacity, senescence and yield components on grain yield in different moisture regimes. Genotype differences were found in leaf‐level photosynthesis and senescence, canopy temperature depression, grain yield and yield components in each water regime. Grain yield was closely associated with traits related to grain numbers. In all three moisture regimes, positive correlations were observed between grain yield and photosynthesis that were dependent on the timing or physiological growth stage of the photosynthetic measurement: highly significant correlations were found in the mid‐ and late grain filling stages, but no correlations at anthesis. Consistent with these findings, flag leaf senescence at the late grain filling stage was negatively correlated with grain yield and photosynthetic rate (under terminal drought and dryland conditions). These findings provided evidence that grain yield was sink‐limited until the final stages of growth, at which time sustained photosynthesis and delayed senescence were critical in filling grain. Because the trends were consistent in moisture sufficient and deficient conditions, the results suggest that late‐season photosynthesis and delayed leaf senescence are driven by the size of the reproductive carbon sink, which was largely governed by factors affecting grain numbers.  相似文献   

11.
潍坊市冬小麦生育期气候因子变化特征及其影响分析   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  
为了研究气候变化对冬小麦生产的影响,利用潍坊市1981—2010年连续30年冬小麦生育期观测资料及其生育期的气温、降水量、日照等资料,采用气候变化倾向率、三次多项式函数、线性回归等方法,分析潍坊市冬小麦生育期的主要气候因子变化特征及其对冬小麦影响,以期对冬小麦种植提供依据。结果表明,潍坊市冬小麦生育期平均气温年际变化呈上升趋势,气候倾向率为0.24℃/10年,降水量年际变化呈减少趋势,气候倾向率为-0.49 mm/10年,日照时数年际变化明显减少,平均每10年减少50.18 h;冬小麦全生育期显著缩短,每年缩短0.426天,苗期、返青期和灌浆成熟期缩短,越冬期、拔节孕穗期延长;冬小麦的气候产量呈下降趋势,气候产量与气温呈负相关关系,而与降水量和日照时数呈正相关关系。  相似文献   

12.
氮肥追施时期对强筋小麦产量和面粉品质的影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  
为给强筋小麦高产优质栽培中的氮肥合理运筹提供依据,以强筋小麦新品种‘新麦26’为材料,在施氮量为240 kg/hm2的前提下,研究了分别在起身期、拔节期、孕穗期和开花期4个时期追施氮肥对优质强筋小麦产量及面粉品质的影响。结果表明,在施氮量一致的基础上,从起身期到开花期随着氮肥追施时期的推迟,‘新麦26’籽粒产量呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中孕穗期追施氮肥小麦籽粒产量显著高于其他处理,穗数最多,穗粒数仅次于拔节期追施氮肥,千粒重最高。拔节追施氮处理面团稳定时间最长,粉质评价值最高,籽粒产量次于孕穗氮处理。开花氮处理籽粒产量和粉质评价值最低。‘新麦26’面团吸水率、稳定时间在不同处理间差异较小。建议在生产中将强筋小麦的氮肥追施时期安排在孕穗开始时,既可获得较高的籽粒产量又能保证面粉品质。  相似文献   

13.
冬小麦抗旱生理特性的研究   总被引：42，自引：3，他引：42  
李德全  郭清福 《作物学报》1993,19(2):125-132
试验结果表明，干旱胁迫下抗旱性不同的冬小麦品种的抗旱系数为：昌乐5号＞秦麦3号＞山农587＞济南13＞鲁麦5号＞烟农15。五个生育期的叶片渗透调节能力为抗旱性强的品种大于抗旱性弱的品种，抗旱系数和渗透调节能力是反映冬小麦抗旱特性的两个最好指标。拔节、孕穗和开花期抗旱性强的品种气孔阻力比抗旱性弱的品种大，灌浆和  相似文献   

14.
Water use by spring wheat and soil water contents at meteorological stations on the Canadian prairies were simulated with the Versatile Soil Moisture Budget model for different crop growth stages. Six water-related agroclimatic indices at five growth stages (seeding–emergence, emergence–jointing, jointing–heading, heading–soft dough and soft dough–harvest) and previous non-growing season were correlated to spring wheat yields in the three prairies provinces and in the entire prairie region for the years 1976–2006. Principal component analysis was applied to explore major modes of joint variability in the regional water-related agroclimatic indices. Canonical correlation analysis was employed to further identify joint variability patterns of the water-related indices associated with regional spring wheat yields. Results showed some common features of the effects of the water-related factors at different growth stages: lower-than-normal moisture stress at the jointing–heading stage favoured spring wheat yields in all three provinces. Regional differences were also seen, for example, a slight moisture stress at the heading–soft dough stage could be beneficial to spring wheat yields in Manitoba because of its relatively wetter climate compared to the other two provinces. The results can be used for a better understanding of the effects of water-related agroclimatic conditions at different growth stages on final spring wheat yields on the Canadian prairies, leading to the improvement of crop management. The results can also be used in regional yield forecasting and in the projection of climate change impacts on crop production. This study provided an example of how to quantify crop–climate relationships by the use of statistical multivariate analysis tools.  相似文献   

15.
Heat stress significantly limits yield in many wheat-growing areas globally including north-western NSW. While various traits linked to high-temperature tolerance have been identified, the combination of traits that optimize the heat tolerance of wheat has not been established in most environments. A total of 554 genotypes were evaluated in the field at different times of sowing in north-western NSW for three consecutive years to develop a heat-tolerant wheat ideotype for this environment. The later sown experiments were exposed to higher temperatures at the critical reproductive and grain-filling stages of development. The impact of high temperature was greatest at anthesis, and eventual grain yield was reduced by between 4% and 7% with every 1°C rise in average maximum temperature above the optimum of 25°C. High temperature reduced yield, plant height, grain weight and days to anthesis and maturity, and increased the percentage of screenings and grain protein content. Genotypes that produced higher yield under heat stress had shorter days to flowering and maturity, higher NDVI during grain filling, greater chlorophyll content at the milk stage of grain fill, taller plants, greater grain weight and number, and lower screenings compared with the benchmark cultivar Suntop. The genotype closest to the predicted heat-tolerant wheat ideotype identified from trait ranges had 79.6% similarity.  相似文献   

16.
土壤水分胁迫对冬小麦生长的后效影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  
为揭示土壤水分胁迫对冬小麦生长的后效影响及其规律,利用盆栽试验对供试冬小麦设置13种供水处理,测定作物株高、叶面积、冠干重及产量,研究水分胁迫对上述生理指标的后效影响。结果表明,中度水分胁迫对株高的后效影响大于重度水分胁迫,在重度水分胁迫下,除C5-A外,当前影响均大于后效影响;前期中度水分胁迫对叶面积的后效影响大于当前影响,后期则相反,重度水分胁迫对叶面积的当前影响大于后效影响;水分胁迫对冠重的后效影响大于当前影响;水分胁迫对冬小麦穗数的后效影响基本上表现为正效应,而对每穗粒数、千粒重、产量及WUE的后效影响则全部为负效应,拔节至孕穗阶段中度水分胁迫抽穗期复水的处理产量最高,达到对照的62%。不同程度、不同历时、不同生育阶段的水分胁迫,对作物生长均有后效应,并导致小麦减产。  相似文献   

17.
I. S. A. Tahir    N. Nakata    A. M. Ali    H. M. Mustafa    A. S. I. Saad    K. Takata    N. Ishikawa    O. S. Abdalla 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(4):323-330
High temperature influences both grain yield and end‐use quality of wheat. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of selected wheat genotypes under heat stress and to examine the effects of high temperatures during grain filling on grain yield and end‐use quality parameters. Fifteen bread wheat genotypes in 2000/2001 and 18 genotypes in 2002/2003 were evaluated under the optimum and late‐sowing conditions of the irrigated hot environment of the Gezira Research Farm, Wad Medani, Sudan. The genotypes comprised released varieties and elite lines from the Sudanese wheat improvement programme. Data collected included grain yield, grain weight and grain end‐use quality including protein content, protein composition, SDS sedimentation values (SDSS) and gluten strength as determined by mixograph analyses. High temperatures significantly decreased grain yield by decreasing grain weight. Although genotypes exhibited variation in magnitude of response, results indicated that high temperature during grain filling increased both soluble and insoluble protein contents, SDSS, mixograph peak height (MPH) and the descending slope at 2 min past peak (MDS). In contrast, mixograph peak time (MPT) and the curve width at 2 min past peak (MCW) were significantly decreased. Flour protein correlated positively with SDSS, MPH and MDS and negatively with MCW. MPT correlated negatively with MDS and positively with MCW. Results indicate that high temperature increased both soluble and insoluble protein contents, SDSS and MPH, and hence the gluten strength, but decreased flour mixing time and tolerance and hence the dough elasticity. Variation observed among genotypes suggests that grain end‐use quality could be improved under high temperature conditions utilizing the available variability; however, it might require evaluation under various growing conditions.  相似文献   

18.
两年的盆栽试验表明,小麦孕穗期对水分胁迫最为敏感,其次为开花期.干旱主要是通过减少籽粒数来影响产量的.用红外测温仪测定干旱麦田和湿润麦田的叶丛温差,是诊断小麦干旱之简便而有效的方法.  相似文献   

19.
To examine the extent to which heat stress during grain filling impacts on the development and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a 3-year field experiment was conducted on a loess soil with high water holding capacity in the North German Plain. Thirty-two mostly European winter wheat cultivars were exposed to heat stress in a mobile foil tunnel with maximum air temperatures of 45.7, 45.4, and 47.2°C in 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively. The 14-day post-anthesis heat stress treatment caused an average 57.3% grain yield reduction compared to a close-by non-stressed control. The proportion of green crop area after the heat stress phase varied from 7% to 98% in 2016 and from 37% to 94% in 2017. The green crop area percentage did not significantly correlate with grain yield, indicating that the delayed senescence of stay-green phenotypes offers no yield advantage under terminal heat stress. The water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration of the stems at crop maturity varied between 6 and 92 g/kg dry matter, showing that the genotypes differed in their efficiency at using the stem carbohydrate reserves for grain filling under heat stress. The stem WSC concentration correlated positively with the beginning of anthesis (r = 0.704; p < .001) but negatively with the grain yield (r = −0.431; p < .05). For heat tolerance breeding, the stem reserve strategy, i. e. the rapid and full exhaustion of the temporary carbohydrate storage therefore seems more promising than the stay-green strategy.  相似文献   

20.
Drought‐induced damages in crop plants are ranked at top amid all losses instigated by diverse abiotic stresses. Terminal drought (drought at reproductive phase) has emerged as a severe threat to the productivity of wheat crop. Different seed enhancement techniques, genotypes and distribution of crop plants in different spacings have been explored individually to mitigate these losses; however, their interaction has rarely been tested in improving drought resistance in wheat. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential role of different seed enhancement techniques and row spacings in mitigating the adversities of terminal drought in two wheat cultivars during two consecutive growing seasons of 2010–2011 and 2011–2012. Seeds of wheat cultivars Lasani‐2008 (medium statured) and Triple Dwarf‐1 (dwarf height) soaked in water (hydropriming) or CaCl2 (osmopriming) were sown in 20‐, 25‐ and 30‐cm spaced rows; just before heading, the soil moisture was maintained at 100 % field capacity (well watered) or 50 % field capacity (terminal drought) till maturity. Terminal drought significantly reduced the yield and related traits compared with well‐watered crop; however, osmopriming improved the crop performance under terminal drought. Among different row spacings, wheat sown in 20‐cm spaced rows performed better during both years of study. Wheat cultivar Lasani‐2008 performed better than cultivar Triple Dwarf‐1 under both well‐watered and stress conditions. Maximum net returns and benefit–cost ratio were recorded from osmoprimed seeds of cultivar Lasani‐2008 sown in 20‐cm spaced rows under well‐watered condition. Nonetheless, osmoprimed seeds of cultivar Lasani‐2008 sown in 20‐cm spaced rows were better able to produce good yield under terminal drought.  相似文献   

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