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在盆栽和田间小区模拟条件下，测定了安全剂R-28725对玉米的株高和株鲜重的影响，确定了玉米体内GSH及其支链氨基酸的变化。结果发现：当绿磺隆的使用量为2．5、5、10g/hm^2时，R-28725能够明显提高玉米株高、株鲜重，混喷的效果显著高于其它处理。在绿磺隆的使用量为5g/hm^2时，使用R-28725混喷处理，玉米的产量为对照的101．68％。R-28725能够直接提高玉米幼苗中体内谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量，在绿磺隆浓度为1μg／kg，使用R-28725浸种处理，玉米幼苗中体内GSH含量增加27．83％，说明R-28725能够诱导绿磺隆与谷胱甘肽的轭合，从而达到解毒的目的。 相似文献
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安全剂R-28725保护玉米免受咪唑乙烟酸药害的机理研究 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
研究了安全剂R-28725对玉米的保护作用及对咪唑乙烟酸的解毒机理。当咪唑乙烟酸的使用量为20、40、60 g/hm2时,R-28725能够明显提高玉米株高、株鲜重和产量,直接增加植株体内谷胱甘肽(GSH)活性,增加咪唑乙烟酸与谷胱甘肽的轭合,从而达到解毒的目的。 相似文献
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安全剂R-28725保护玉米免受氯磺隆药害的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用生物测定法研究了安全剂R-28725保护玉米免受除草剂氯磺隆药害的作用.在氯磺隆毒土浓度为2 μg/kg时,使用5mg/kgR-28725浸种处理,玉米根部受到氯磺隆抑制的谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量由空白对照的57.3％恢复至83.4％;玉米叶片中乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)活性增加了17.2％;玉米根部的谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性增加了191.8％;GST酶促反应动力学参数Vmax增大102.5％,Km减小40.0％.结果显示:R-28725能够提高氯磺隆处理后玉米中GSH的含量,增加GST和ALS活性,增强了玉米根部GST酶对底物的亲和力,缓解氯磺隆对玉米产生的药害. 相似文献
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不同玉米品种对氯吡嘧磺隆的耐药性差异及其机制 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为科学评价氯吡嘧磺隆对玉米的安全性,采用室内盆栽法和酶活力测定法探讨不同玉米品种对氯吡嘧磺隆的耐药性差异及其机制。不同玉米品种对氯吡嘧磺隆的耐药性有较大差异,其中甜玉米耐药性最差,IC10仅为94.87g/hm2(有效成分,余同)。花糯1号、鲁单981、五岳97-1等品种表现出中等耐药性,耐药性倍数为1.51～1.97;五岳21、郑单958、强盛16等耐药性较强,耐药性倍数为2.05～2.43。强盛16、鲁单981和甜玉米对氯吡嘧磺隆的耐药性差异显著,但其靶标酶乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)在离体条件下对该药剂的敏感性差异不显著;在活体条件下,三者ALS活力均可很快恢复,且耐药性品种恢复能力较强。与甜玉米相比,经氯吡嘧磺隆处理后强盛16的谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GSTs)对氯吡嘧磺隆的反应幅度较大和反应时间较短,第72h相对活力就达到4.2的峰值,而甜玉米变化幅度相对较小,第96 h才达到2.6的峰值。研究表明,不同玉米品种对氯吡嘧磺隆耐药性的差异源于GSTs对氯吡嘧磺隆的代谢差异,而与靶标酶ALS对氯吡嘧磺隆的敏感程度无关。 相似文献
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1,8-萘二甲酸酐对高浓度单嘧磺隆协迫下玉米的解毒作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为避免单嘧磺隆对后茬玉米的药害、评估单嘧磺隆原药中存在的主要杂质对玉米生长的影响,利用室内毒力测定、温室栽培试验和生理生化试验,对单嘧磺隆对玉米的毒力及其高浓度协迫下1,8-萘二甲酸酐(NA)对玉米的解毒作用进行了研究。试验结果表明,单嘧磺隆对玉米掖单13和农大 3138的IC50值分别为6.42和84.38 μg/kg,对玉米生长有抑制作用;而原药中的主要杂质对玉米生长的抑制作用很小,其IC50值均大于619 μg/kg。单嘧磺隆对玉米离体乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)的I50值在15.15~66.73 nmol/L之间,高浓度单嘧磺隆对玉米活体ALS的活性也有抑制作用。温室盆栽试验结果表明,1 000 μg/mL 的NA对171.44 μg/kg单嘧磺隆协迫下的玉米掖单13和农大3138有解毒作用;游离辅氨酸含量和叶绿素含量测定结果表明,NA对自身抗逆性较强的玉米品种农大3138的游离辅氨酸含量和叶绿素生物合成影响不显著,但能明显提高单嘧磺隆协迫下自身抗逆性较差的玉米品种掖单13的游离辅氨酸含量,并在一定程度上提高叶绿素的含量。因此,NA对单嘧磺隆协迫下玉米的解毒作用与NA提高了玉米的抗逆性有关。 相似文献
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氯吡嘧磺隆除草活性及对不同玉米品种的安全性 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
采用农药室内生物测定法对氯吡嘧磺隆除草活性和对不同玉米品种的安全性进行了研究。在35 g/hm2（有效成分,余同）下,氯吡嘧磺隆对玉米田常见杂草苍耳、鸭跖草、反枝苋、香附子等的鲜重抑制率均在90%以上,对禾本科杂草无效,且与对照药剂烟嘧磺隆有很大的互补性。氯吡嘧磺隆对23种不同玉米品种的安全性差异显著,在140g/hm2下,饲玉7号、五岳18等5个品种较为敏感,株高抑制率均在9.85%以上;金海5号、鲁单981等12个品种敏感性略低,株高抑制率在4.31%～8.29%;郑单958、泰爆1号等6个品种耐药性较高,抑制效果不明显。氯吡嘧磺隆对玉米幼苗主根长抑制率存在较大差异,其IC50值由高到低依次为泰爆1号、强盛16、郑单958、农大108、五岳21、鲁单981、中玉9号、金海5号、西星雪中墨、农大0638、甜玉米。氯吡嘧磺隆在玉米与香附子、反枝苋之间的选择系数分别为16.11、13.18,显著高于对照药剂。结果表明氯吡嘧磺隆对部分常见阔叶杂草及莎草科杂草有较高的除草活性,并对大部分玉米品种安全。 相似文献
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降解菌2N3对被氯嘧磺隆污染土壤的生物修复 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在实验室条件下,研究了高效降解菌2N3(克雷伯氏菌属,Klebsiella sp.)对被氯嘧磺隆污染土壤的修复作用及其影响因素。当土壤中氯嘧磺隆的添加浓度为20 mg/kg,每 1克土壤中2N3的接菌量为1×106个菌体时,第30 d时土壤中氯嘧磺隆的降解率为84.6%,对照仅为13.4%;相同2N3接菌浓度下,当土壤中氯嘧磺隆浓度为100 mg/kg时,其降解率为31.1%。以小麦、玉米、黄瓜为供试作物,在土壤中施加 20 mg/kg的氯嘧磺隆, 当每 1克土壤中2N3的接菌量为1×106个 菌体时,小麦、玉米、黄瓜的出苗率分别为85%,82%和79%,且处理组株高高于对照,表明降解菌2N3具有明显减轻氯嘧磺隆药害的作用。研究表明,人工接种降解菌2N3可提高土壤中氯嘧磺隆的降解率,有效降低其在土壤中的残留。 相似文献
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安全剂AD-67保护玉米免受单嘧磺隆药害的作用及其机理 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
采用生物测定法研究了安全剂AD-67对除草剂单嘧磺隆造成玉米伤害的保护作用,并对其作用机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明:单嘧磺隆在浓度0.025～0.050mg/kg时,对玉米的生长有较为强烈的抑制作用;当AD-67的浓度在0.5～10mg/kg时,能不同程度地缓解单嘧磺隆对玉米的药害。当单嘧磺隆毒土浓度为0.025mg/kg,使用1mg/kgAD-67浸种处理,玉米的主根长和株高分别是对照的107.3%和100.82%;AD-67浸种处理的玉米,幼苗中谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)活性分别是对照的109.76%和113.33%。 相似文献
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氯嘧磺隆高效降解细菌的分离与筛选 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从北京市、河北省一些农田和农药厂排污口活性污泥中分离得到7株具有明显降解氯嘧磺隆作用的降解细菌,这些菌株能够以氯嘧磺隆为唯一氮源生长,对氯嘧磺隆的降解率为65．85％至94．78％不等。其中F-1和E-1两株菌为本试验的最高效率的降解菌,在40ml培养基、细菌起始浓度7.6×10^7cfu／ml、30℃恒温、180r／min条件下培养72h,F-1菌株对底物氯嘧磺隆50mg／L的降解效率为67．5％;E-1菌株对底物氯嘧磺隆10mg／L的降解率为94．78％。 相似文献
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《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1987,29(2):112-120
Chlorimuron ethyl (2-([(4-chloro-6-methoxypyrimidine-2-yl)amino carbonyl]amino sulfonyl)benzoic acid, ethyl ester) is a highly active sulfonylurea herbicide for preemergence and postemergence use in soybeans. Excised soybean (Glycine max. cv. ‘Williams’) seedlings rapidly metabolized [14C]chlorimuron ethyl with a half-life of 1–3 hr. Common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvancium Wallr.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), which are sensitive to chlorimuron ethyl, metabolized this herbicide much more slowly (half-life >30 hr). The major metabolite of chlorimuron ethyl in soybean seedlings is its homoglutathione conjugate, formed by displacement of the pyrimidinyl chlorine with the cysteine sulfhydryl group of homoglutathione. A minor metabolite is chlorimuron, the deesterified derivative of chlorimuron ethyl. Each of these metabolites is inactive against plant acetolactate synthase, the herbicidal target site of chlorimuron ethyl. Thus, soybean tolerance to chlorimuron ethyl results from its rapid metabolism in soybean seedlings to herbicidally inactive products. 相似文献
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J. SABADIE 《Weed Research》1995,35(1):33-40
La coupure de la fonction urée est seule observée au cours de 1'alcoolyse (méthanol ou éthanol) et de l'hydrolyse (pH8) du chlorimuron éthyle à 30°C ou 50°C. La pyrimidinamine est quantitativement formée dans tous les cas accompagnée des carbamates correspondants (alcoolyse) ou du phénylsulfonamide (hydrolyse) quise cyclise facilement en saccharine (pH6). L'hydrolyse du substituant carbéthoxy porté par le noyau aromatique de l'herbicide devient prépondérante en solution alcaline. Les constantes de vitesse du premier ordre cinétique ont été précisées. La déméthylation du chlorimuron éthyle n'a pas été détectée. Alcoholysis and chemical hydrolysis of chlorimuron ethyl Alcoholysis (methanol or ethanol) and hydrolysis (pH8) of the herbicide chlorimuron ethyl at 30°C or 50°C involved only the breakdown of the urea function. The pyrimidinamine is always obtained in high yield along with the corresponding carbamate (alcoholysis) or phenylsulfonamide (hydrolysis). This compound was easily cyclized to saccharin (pH6). In alkaline solution, the carbethoxy substituent of the aromatic ring was preferentially hydrolysed. The first order kinetic constants were characterized. No formation of desmethyl chlorimuron was observed. 相似文献
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The ability of the herbicide safeners, BAS-145138 (1-dichloroacetyl-hexahydro-3,3,8a-trimethyl-pyrrolo(1,2a)pyrimidin-6(2H)-one), dichlormid (N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide), flurazole (phenylmethyl ester), and MG-191 (2-dichloromelhyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane) for preventing metazachlor injury to maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) seedlings were compared with their effects on 14C-metazachlor metabolism to a glutathione (GSH) conjugate, effects on non-protein thiol contents (mainly GSH) and effects on Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in these two species. Sorghum shoot growth was reduced by 41% and maize shoot growth was reduced by 54%, by metazachlor concentrations in vermiculite nutrient culture of 0·6 μM and 7·5μM, respectively. In this system, all four compounds had significant activity as safeners for metazachlor in both sorghum and maize seedlings. BAS-145138 and flurazole were the most effective safeners in maize and sorghum, respectively. In the absence of safeners, the rate of non-enzymatic conjugation of metazachlor and GSH was much greater than the enzymatic rate. However, the rate of enzymatic conjugation of metazachlor with GSH was increased by safener treatment in both maize and sorghum. Safener effectiveness was highly correlated with increases in 14C-metazachlor uptake and metabolism in both species. Safener effectiveness was more highly correlated with safener effects on GST activity in maize or sorghum when 14C-metazachlor was used as the substrate than when the non-specific CDNB (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene) was used as the substrate. Safener effectiveness was also strongly correlated with safener effects on GSH levels in sorghum, but not in maize, possibly because of the greater importance of non-enzymatic conjugation of metazachlor with GSH in sorghum as compared to maize. 相似文献
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本文采用土培法对本课题组所合成的化合物5-二氯乙酰基-6-甲基-9-氧杂-1,5-二氮杂二环[4.3.0]壬烷(YF-206)进行了室内活性测定实验。当化合物YF-206浓度为25mg/kg时,玉米各项生长指标恢复率达到最大,其株高、株鲜重的恢复率分别为:55.39%和55.86%;玉米幼苗根部GSH含量增幅达到50.59%,叶片中增幅为26.02%,玉米根部GST比活力为2.694 nmol/s/mg。实验结果表明化合物YF-206对玉米有较好的安全活性,能在一定程度上解除乙草胺对玉米的药害。 相似文献
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Ahmed A. Ismaiel Jutta Papenbrock 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(3):497-509
A culture of Penicillium vulpinum CM1 isolated from a soil sample cultivated with maize was examined for the production of the mycotoxins cyclopiazonic acid, griseofulvin, patulin (PAT), and roquefortine C. The fungal strain was positive for PAT- and roquefortine C–producing ability, while it showed negative producing ability for cyclopiazonic acid, and griseofulvin. Both PAT and roquefortine C toxins were tested for their inhibitory effect on the germination of maize seeds. Roquefortine C showed no phytotoxicity up to a concentration of 100 μg ml?1. However, a notable reduction in the average values of fresh weight and length of roots and shoots was observed following application of PAT and a culture filtrate of P. vulpinum to maize seedlings. The phytotoxic effect was found to be dose-dependent. To analyse the cellular effects of PAT, maize root tips were treated with PAT at different concentrations. The higher dose of 25 μg ml?1 exhibited morphological changes in the nature of cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles as was shown by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, an increase in the vacuolation with localized tonoplast dissolution was observed. At this concentration, there was evidence of a disruption of lipid metabolism. On the metabolic level, the phytotoxicity of PAT and the culture filtrate of P. vulpinum led to alterations in the total reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in maize seedlings. The GSH concentrations examined in roots and shoots after PAT, fungal filtrate or fungal crude extract treatments were enhanced compared with control treatments. Findings further showed higher total GSH levels in shoots than in roots following treatments either with PAT or the fungal crude extract. The results are discussed in the context of known herbicide and metal effects on GSH synthesis and transport mechanisms. 相似文献