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1.
布鲁菌病(brucellosis)是由布鲁茵(Brucella)引起的一种人畜共患传染病,给畜牧业发展和人类健康带来严重危害。主要对布鲁菌病的病原学和血清学诊断方法以及防控措施作一介绍。以期为布鲁茵病的相关研究提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
布鲁菌病及其诊断方法研究进展   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
布鲁菌病是当前一种严重威胁人类和多种动物生命健康的人兽共患病.由于该病临床症状复杂,引起的发热、流产等病理损害易与某些常见疾病混淆,给诊断带来了一定的困难.目前,针对布鲁菌病的传统诊断方法主要是血清学方法和细菌学方法,但由于耗时耗力或对实验条件要求太高等原因而具有一定的局限性.酶联免疫吸附试验是一种快速的诊断方法,此种方法克服了以往方法的缺点,特异性和敏感性较高,具有重要的推广价值.鉴于布鲁菌病危害的严重性和防治的重要性,对布鲁菌病的危害、症状、流行特点、检测方法等进行了综述.  相似文献   

3.
布鲁菌病是目前世界上流行最广、危害最大的人兽共患病之一,威胁着人和60余种动物的生命健康,引起严重的公共卫生问题。论文从病原学诊断和血清学诊断两方面综述了布鲁菌病多种实验室诊断技术的优缺点及适用范围。分子生物学技术和免疫学技术以其敏感、快速、特异等特点在布鲁菌病诊断中得到了广泛应用,尤其是PCR和ELISA的应用已由实验室走向临床检测中。此外,论文还介绍了目前新兴的几种布鲁菌病诊断方法,总结了布鲁菌病诊断技术的使用现状,以期为提高布鲁菌病的综合防控能力提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
布鲁氏杆菌病(Brucellosis),简称布病是由布鲁氏杆菌引起的一种人畜共患全身性传染病,是世界上最常见的细菌人畜共患病。猪、牛、羊等主要家畜以及野生动物均可感染该病。人群接触带菌动物或食用病畜肉、乳制品等也均有感染的可能。动物和人类感染布病后会对生命安全和财产造成重大的威胁和损失。目前,病原体的分离培养、血清学方法和PCR技术是布病诊断的三大主流技术。但是,由于人类布鲁氏菌病的非特异性临床特征、血培养生长速度缓慢及其血清诊断的复杂性,因此对布病做出及时准确的诊断仍是我们现阶段面临的主要挑战。本文主要就PCR技术诊断布鲁氏杆菌的研究进展做一综述,以期为后续的研究提供理论依据和参考。  相似文献   

5.
布鲁菌病血清学诊断抗原研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
布鲁菌病的临床特征复杂而多变,病原的流行特点和免疫原性存在较大的差异,给人类及动物布鲁菌病诊断带了诸多的困难。目前常用的血清学诊断抗原如菌悬液,脂多糖等特异性差,敏感性低,制备涉及活菌的培养,不能广泛的应用,从而使患者和患畜得不到有效的治疗和预防。随着分子生物学技术的发展,基因重组蛋白可代替传统的抗原,为布鲁菌病的诊断带来了新的契机,文章从以上方面对可用于布鲁菌病诊断的抗原做了综述。  相似文献   

6.
通过对畜间布鲁茵病检测,掌握了陕西省绥德县全县布鲁茵病感染现状,找出了人感染布鲁茵病的主要传染源,并就今后布鲁菌病的综合防控提出了建议.  相似文献   

7.
布鲁菌病是造成严重公共卫生安全和经济损失的人畜共患病,目前对该病的血清学诊断方法主要有凝集试验、ELISA、补体结合试验等,其中补体结合试验(CFT)是世界动物卫生组织(OIE)认可的布病血清学确诊的经典标准方法。但在实际布病检验中,由于其原理复杂、操作繁琐、影响因素多、耗时长等原因而未能被广泛应用。为了进一步明晰其原理,提高CFT的可操作性及准确性,本文比较了我国动物布鲁菌病标准和OIE手册中CFT的差异,并结合本实验室应用情况,对CFT在布鲁菌病诊断中常见的问题和注意事项进行了阐述,为布鲁菌病补体结合试验的科学应用及诊断提供了参考。  相似文献   

8.
布鲁菌病是由布鲁菌引起的一种慢性人畜共患病,传染源以患病家畜为主,主要感染牛、羊、猪、犬、猫、鼠等动物,人群也普遍易感,危害性非常严重。主要对羊布鲁菌病的临床症状、病理变化、诊断要点及防控措施等方面进行简要概述,以期为羊布鲁菌病的防控提供参考。  相似文献   

9.
牛种布鲁杆菌PCR检测方法的研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
王军  王瑞  申之义 《中国兽医学报》2011,31(8):1128-1132
为了弥补血清学和微生物学方法检测和诊断布鲁菌病的种种不足,建立用布鲁菌BCSP31聚合酶链反应(PCR)快速检测布鲁菌病原的方法。根据编码牛种布鲁菌31 000外膜蛋白基因序列设计的一对特异性引物,扩增出预期350bp的基因片段。结果,此方法具有较高的特异性和敏感性,DNA最低检测量为0.42pg。结果表明,布鲁菌病原...  相似文献   

10.
陕西省某山羊养殖场发生了一起山羊流产病,经流行病学调查,临床症状和病理剖检观察进行初步诊断;利用布鲁菌虎红平板凝集试验、衣原体间接血凝试剂盒对10份流产母羊血清检测;对病料进行细菌学检测;依据GenBank收录的山羊流产性衣原体基因组设计1对特异性引物,通过PCR方法从病料中扩增衣原体特异性片段。结果表明,根据临床症状和病理变化初步怀疑为布鲁菌和鹦鹉热亲衣原体感染;10份血清检测结果为布鲁菌病血清全部阴性,衣原体感染血清全部为阳性;细菌学检测结果为阴性;PCR结果获得523bp基因片段,测序结果与鹦鹉热亲衣原体100%相似。依据流行病学调查,临床症状和病理剖检观察,病原学和血清学诊断,最终确诊该病为鹦鹉热亲衣原体引起的山羊地方流行性流产。  相似文献   

11.
Brucella canis is the causative agent of canine brucellosis and facultative intracellular pathogen. The diagnosis of canine brucellosis is based on bacteriological examination and serological methods including agglutination and gel diffusion tests. In this study, crude antigens were extracted from B. canis using hot saline, coated on to latex beads and their usefulness in the serological diagnosis of canine brucellosis was examined. Mixing the antigen coated latex beads with the sera of dogs infected with B. canis produced clear agglutination, but this was not so for B. canis free dog sera. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the crude hot saline extracts, showed that they contained copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, ribose ABC transporter and hypothetical protein of Brucella as antigens. A serological survey of canine serum samples conducted by means of an agglutination test using the antigen coated latex beads, showed that this method was more specific than the tube agglutination test using whole bacterial cell antigens. Although these results suggest that our method in which crude hot saline extracted antigens are coated on to latex beads would be useful in the serological diagnosis of canine brucellosis, we need further investigation using more serum samples to confirm the usefulness of our method.  相似文献   

12.
The importance of correct interpretation of serological test results, common sources of error and problems associated with tests are discussed. In bovine brucellosis, a disease which is ideally suited to serological diagnosis, foetal contact with infection may cause the calf to be a serologically negative carrier. The immune tolerant animal resulting from foetal contact with virus is a major problem in the serological detection of border disease. In Johnes' disease and to a lesser extent in Brucella ovis and leptospiral infections, problems associated with sensitivity and specificity of the tests are stressed. Serovar specificity, cumbersome test procedures and negative tests in the incubation period cause difficulty in the interpretation of serological test results for leptospirosis. The importance of clinical examination, herd histories and alternative diagnostic procedures is important in all diseases. Wherever possible, flocks or herds should be maintained in specific disease-free state. Selection of stock from accredited herds or flocks is the most certain method of buying non-infected animals.  相似文献   

13.
Brucellosis, caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, is a contagious disease that causes economic loss to owners of domestic animals due to loss of progeny and milk yield. Because cattle, sheep, goats, and to a lesser extent pigs are considered to be the source of human brucellosis, serological tests have been used to screen domestic animals for antibodies against Brucella. Although the serological tests helped to eradicate brucellosis in many countries, serological tests are not always adequate to detect latent carriers of Brucella. Therefore, the use of the skin delayed-type hypersensitivity (SDTH) test, which is independent of circulating antibodies, might improve the diagnosis of brucellosis. In the literature, however, there are conflicting reports as to the value of the SDTH test for the diagnosis of brucellosis. Some studies consider the test unreliable, whereas others advocate its use because it detects brucellosis earlier than serological tests. The objectives of this study were therefore to assess the characteristics of the SDTH test, to select a Brucella strain that will yield a suitable brucellin for use in the field, and to determine whether the use of serological tests in combination with the SDTH test improves the detection of brucellosis. The results of this study clearly show that the SDTH test detects latent carriers of Brucella and confirms brucellosis in cattle with ambiguous serological test results. Brucellins prepared from smooth or mucoid strains of Brucella are better suited for use in the field than brucellins prepared from rough strains because they detect brucellosis in cattle with acute as well as chronic infection. The SDTH test is highly specific (99.3% specificity), and repeated testing of naive cattle or cattle infected with microorganisms that serologically cross-react with Brucella does not sensitize cattle to subsequent SDTH tests. However, it is possible that some naive cattle may serologically react to the injection of brucellin. The effect of these serological reactions on the sero-diagnosis of brucellosis is limited, because cattle may only now and then react serologically either with the serum agglutination test (SAT) or the complement fixation test (CFT). Nevertheless, cattle infected with microorganisms that serologically cross-react with Brucella may test seropositive for brucellosis 4 to 7 weeks after injection of brucellin, depending on the cross-reacting microorganism. The value of the SDTH test for the diagnosis of brucellosis was demonstrated after an outbreak of brucellosis. When the SDTH test was used in combination with SAT and CFT at diagnostic threshold > or =2 mm or > or =1 mm (increase in skinfold thickness), respectively, 39/44 (88%) or 42/44 (95%) of the infected cattle were detected compared with only 27/44 (61%) when SAT and CFT were used. When cattle in areas of low prevalence or in areas free from brucellosis are tested with the SDTH test an increase > or =2 mm in skinfold thickness should be considered indicative of infection. When the control and eradication of brucellosis is based on test-and-slaughter, an increase of > or =1 mm in skinfold thickness should be considered indicative of infection. Repeated serological testing complemented with the SDTH test in this programme will shorten the quarantine (movement control) period of a suspect herd, limiting the financial loss incurred during outbreaks of the disease. Consequently, since the SDTH test usually does not interfere with the serological diagnosis and can safely be used to establish the infection status of cattle in a suspect herd, it is opportune to consider adding the SDTH test to the procedure currently used to diagnose brucellosis in individual animals.  相似文献   

14.
The importance of correct interpretation of serological test results, common sources of error and problems associated with tests are discussed. In bovine brucellosis, a disease which is ideally suited to serological diagnosis, foetal contact with infection may cause the calf to be a serologically negative carrier. The immune tolerant animal resulting from foetal contact with virus is a major problem in the serological detection of border disease. In Johnes' disease and to a lesser extent in Brucella ovis and leptospiral infections, problems associated with sensitivity and specificity of the tests are stressed. Serovar specificity, cumbersome test procedures and negative tests in the incubation period cause difficulty in the interpretation of serological test results for leptospirosis. The importance of clinical examination, herd histories and alternative diagnostic procedures is important in all diseases. Wherever possible, flocks or herds should be maintained in specific disease-free state. Selection of stock from accredited herds or flocks is the most certain method of Guying non-infected animals.  相似文献   

15.
将国内广泛用于预防羊布病的S2和M5疫苗免疫绵羊,然后定期采血进行细菌分离和血清学检测,并比较血清学方法的检测结果。结果表明ELISA操作方便,具有较好的敏感性和特异性,建议在检疫中用敏感性较高的RBT初筛,用特异性较好的ELISA确诊,以得到较好的效果。  相似文献   

16.
The performance of the rapid slide agglutination test, with and without 2-mercaptoethanol (RSAT and 2ME-RSAT) and agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) was evaluated for the diagnosis of brucellosis in naturally infected dogs. The microbiological culture, PCR and clinical parameters were used as reference. A total of 167 dogs were clinically examined and tested by blood culture, culture of semen/vaginal swab and PCR in blood and semen/vaginal swab. According to the results observed the 167 dogs were divided into three groups: Brucella canis infected dogs (Group 1), B. canis non-infected dogs (Group 2) and dogs with suspected brucellosis (Group 3). The dogs were then tested by RSAT, 2ME-RSAT and AGID. Groups 1 and 2 were used to calculate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the serological tests and the results observed in Group 3 were also discussed. The diagnostic sensitivity of RSAT, 2ME-RSAT and AGID was respectively 70.58%, 31.76%, and 52.94%. The diagnostic specificity of RSAT, 2ME-RSAT and AGID was respectively 83.34%, 100%, and 100%. In dogs with suspected brucellosis 15% were RSAT positive, none was 2ME-RSAT positive and 5% were AGID positive. Although the serological tests are the most commonly used methods for brucellosis diagnosis, a significant proportion of false-negative results were observed highlighting the importance of the direct methods of diagnosis, like blood culture and PCR to improve the diagnosis of canine brucellosis.  相似文献   

17.
In investigations of 5881 sera from brucella infected herds and 8635 sera from negative herds the antiglobulin test (AgT) because of its high susceptibility was shown to be a valuable method in early diagnosis of brucellosis and clearing of non-specific LA-reactions. However, all infected animals are not detected with the AgT. Therefore it is not adaptable to use in selection controlling, also in combination with other methods. In the final steps of the eradication measures against bovine brucellosis the AgT offers a very valuable serological complementary method. The indirect fluorescence test has no diagnostical advantages in comparison with the AgT and is not recommended for practical brucellosis serology.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this work was to use the ELISA technique for the serological surveillance for freedom of brucellosis of cattle, sheep and goats. By comparing 28 cattle sera taken after a brucellosis outbreak, 15 bovine sera supplied by the Federal Institute for Health Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine (BgVV) and 497 serum slow agglutination test (SSAT) and complement fixation test (CFT) negative bovine sera from herds officially declared free of brucellosis, the ELISA technique not only shows higher sensitivity as compared to SSAT and CFT but also distinguishes clearly between positive and negative reactions. The serological comparison by SSAT, CFT and ELISA of 615 cattle, 624 sheep and 630 goat sera from herds acknowledged as brucellosis free showed equivalent specificities for both CFT and ELISA. The specificity of the SSAT was much lower, 81.1% in cattle and 96.2% in goat sera. The examination of 5796 cattle, 1337 calf, 5031 sheep and 1796 goat sera demonstrates the advantage of the ELISA technique as routine method. The possible application of the ELISA technique as a screening method for serological brucellosis tests in sheep, goats and possibly also in pigs is discussed.  相似文献   

19.
Summary

Brucellosis, caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, is a contagious disease that causes economic loss to owners of domestic animals due to loss of progeny and milk yield. Because cattle, sheep, goats, and to a lesser extent pigs are considered to be the source of human brucellosis, serological tests have been used to screen domestic animals for antibodies against Brucella. Although the serological tests helped to eradicate brucellosis in many countries, serological tests are not always adequate to detect latent carriers of Brucella. Therefore, the use of the skin delayed‐type hypersensitivity (SDTH) test, which is independent of circulating antibodies, might improve the diagnosis of brucellosis. In the literature, however, there are conflicting reports as to the value of the SDTH test for the diagnosis of brucellosis. Some studies consider the test unreliable, whereas others advocate its use because it detects brucellosis earlier than serological tests. The objectives of this study were therefore to assess the characteristics of the SDTH test, to select a Brucella strain that will yield a suitable brucellin for use in the field, and to determine whether the use of serological tests in combination with the SDTH test improves the detection of brucellosis. The results of this study clearly show that the SDTH test detects latent carriers of Brucella and confirms brucellosis in cattle with ambiguous serological test results. Brucellins prepared from smooth or mucoid strains of Brucella are better suited for use in the field than brucellins prepared from rough strains because they detect brucellosis in cattle with acute as well as chronic infection. The SDTH test is highly specific (99.3% specificity), and repeated testing of naive cattle or cattle infected with microorganisms that serologically cross‐react with Brucella does not sensitize cattle to subsequent SDTH tests. However, it is possible that some naive cattle may serologically react to the injection of brucellin. The effect of these serological reactions on the sero‐diagnosis of brucellosis is limited, because cattle may only now and then react serologically either with the serum agglutination test (SAT) or the complement fixation test (CFT). Nevertheless, cattle infected with microorganisms that serologically cross‐react with Brucella may test seropositive for brucellosis 4 to 7 weeks after injection of brucellin, depending on the cross‐reacting microorganism. The value of the SDTH test for the diagnosis of brucellosis was demonstrated after an outbreak of brucellosis. When the SDTH test was used in combination with SAT and CFT at diagnostic threshold ≥2 mm or ≥1 mm (increase in skinfold thickness), respectively, 39/44 (88%) or 42/44 (95%) of the infected cattle were detected compared with only 27/44 (61%) when SAT and CFT were used. When cattle in areas of low prevalence or in areas free from brucellosis are tested with the SDTH test an increase ≥2 mm in skinfold thickness should be considered indicative of infection. When the control and eradication of brucellosis is based on test‐and‐slaughter, an increase of ≥1 mm in skinfold thickness should be considered indicative of infection. Repeated serological testing complemented with the SDTH test in this programme will shorten the quarantine (movement control) period of a suspect herd, limiting the financial loss incurred during outbreaks of the disease. Consequently, since the SDTH test usually does not interfere with the serological diagnosis and can safely be used to establish the infection status of cattle in a suspect herd, it is opportune to consider adding the SDTH test to the procedure currently used to diagnose brucellosis in individual animals.  相似文献   

20.
Camels are highly susceptible to brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus. Difficulties can arise in diagnosis of camel brucellosis, especially as this disease provokes only few clinical signs in contrast to its clinical course in cattle. Because none of the commonly used serological test can be perceived as a perfect test for Brucella diagnosis in camel and most serological tests used for camels have been directly transposed from cattle without adequate validation, an incorrect diagnosis may occur when diagnosis is based on serology alone. Of imminent concern is the fact that brucellosis can be easily transmitted from animals or their products to humans mainly via milk. In many developing countries in the arid areas of Asia and Africa, camels are still the most important productive livestock for nomadic populations. Therefore, we reviewed the literatures on camel brucellosis to highlight the epidemiologic, economic and public health impact of camel brucellosis as a basis for designing effective control strategies.  相似文献   

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