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1.
Female crickets can recognize conspecific calling song from its temporal pattern alone. In Teleogryllus oceanicus, the song pattern consists of three classes of interpulse intervals arranged in a stereotyped sequence. Females recognize a model song in which the sequential order of intervals is random. This argues against the hypothesis that recognition results from matching auditory input to an internal template of the song. 相似文献
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Large numbers of two species of mole crickets flew to loudspeakers playing the appropriate calling song outdoors. Mated females were more frequently captured than unmated ones, and males were 12 percent of the catch. Crickets of three other subfamilies were trapped as they flew to mole cricket songs resembling their own. 相似文献
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Hawaiian courtship songs: evolutionary innovation in communication signals of Drosophila 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In Hawaii, flies of the genus Drosophila have undergone spectacular adaptive radiation, resulting in the evolution of more than 500 species of Drosophila that are found nowhere else on earth. This taxonomic uniqueness is reflected in behavior and morphology. Hawaiian Drosophila sing songs, as do continental Drosophila; however, the Hawaiian songs have diverged strongly in form and mechanism of production. The click-song of D. fasciculisetae's (Maui) has a carrier frequency an order of magnitude higher than those reported in familiar continental species, such as D. melanogaster (170 hertz). Drosophila fasciculisetae's song resembles a cicada's more than a fly's song. The song of D. cyrtoloma (Maui) has a complex pulse rhythm more typical of crickets than flies. The pulse song of D. silvestris (Hawaii) closely resembles that of D. melanogaster in both pulse rhythm and carrier frequency, but D. melanogaster sings by vibrating its wings, whereas D. silvestris sings through abdominal vibrations. These mechanisms are radical departures from the continental wing song mechanism and are further examples of the remarkable behavioral innovation that has occurred in the Drosophila of Hawaii during their evolutionary transit through these islands. 相似文献
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Genetic control of an insect neuronal network 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D R Bentley 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,174(14):1139-1141
Motor activity responsible for the calling song of crickets is generated by a small neuronal network whose output is genetically determined. Genes controlling certain output features are located on the X chromosome. The genetic system involved is polygenic and multichromosomal. In some patterns, genetically derived information is adequate to specify the difference of a single impulse in the output of homologous neurons from different genotypes. 相似文献
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Insectivorous bats have influenced the development of antipredator behavior in moths, green lacewings, crickets, and mantids; until recently, such adaptations were unknown in katydids. Foliage-gleaning bats in Panama can use the female-attracting, airborne calling songs of nocturnal katydids to locate prey. They also feed heavily on these insects. Katydid species sympatric with these bats exhibit markedly reduced calling song duty cycles. Males supplement shortened songs with complex, species-specific tremulations that generate vibrations that are inaudible to bats but reach conspecific females through a shared plant substrate. Female katydids do not call audibly but are also preyed on in large numbers, perhaps as a result of moving toward calling males. 相似文献
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Altered perception of species-specific song by female birds after lesions of a forebrain nucleus 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
E A Brenowitz 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,251(4991):303-305
Female birds that do not normally sing possess brain nuclei associated with song production in males. To determine whether one song nucleus, the caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum (HVc), acts in conspecific song perception, courtship responses of female canaries to canary and white-crowned sparrow songs were compared before and after HVc lesions. Bilateral lesions of a portion of the HVc resulted in copulation solicitations to heterospecific song as well as conspecific song. Control females continued to respond only to conspecific song. This suggests that the HVc is critical for conspecific song perception in females. Because female canaries do not normally sing, neurons in female HVc must develop response selectivity by a mechanism different from that proposed for male birds in the motor theory of song perception. 相似文献
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Female song sparrows, primed with implants of estradiol, gave the solicitation display for copulation in response to acoustic stimulation with song. This technique demonstrated that female song sparrows respond more strongly to conspecific song than to alien songs, that they discriminate on the basis of both overall temporal pattern and syllabic structure, that they respond more to several song types than to repetitions of one song, and that they are most responsive to several song types if the songs are organized in bouts of a single type, as they are normally delivered by a male song sparrow. These results demonstrate a substantial correspondence between the structure and programming of the singing behavior of male birds and female responsiveness to song. 相似文献
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歌曲是文字和音乐相结合的综合艺术,其翻译不同于其他文体的翻译。当前翻唱歌曲的流行表明,传统翻译观的"信"或"忠实"已经受到挑战,歌曲的传播性和商业化会影响到译者的翻译选择。文章就歌词大意和具备可唱性的歌词译配两种主要类型及其优劣势进行了详细讨论,并结合南非世界杯宣传歌曲Wavin Flag的中文版《旗开得胜》,探讨了歌曲翻唱现象,指出针对依靠媒介载体传播、面向市场的歌曲文本不仅要考虑"忠实"的翻译观,还需满足歌曲翻译在特定场合的不同需求。 相似文献
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对蟪蛄Ｐｌａｔｙｐｌｅｕｒａｋａｅｍｐｆｅｒｉ（Ｆａｂｒ．）的自然鸣声、一般形态及发音器构造详细比较分析的结果表明：蟪蛄的鸣声与其发育器构造相统一，即：主发音器官鼓膜决定了声脉冲的特性，而辅发音器官背瓣、腹瓣、褶膜、腹室等又具有改善波形和调谐作用。蟪蛄的鸣声是由大部分高频成份和少量低频成份组成的复合声；鸣叫节律明显而有规律，变调过程在波形上可明显分为３部分，且这３部分交替进行，构成其完整的鸣叫过程。单鸣声和求偶交配声更具种的专一性，受内外界因素影响较小．可作为鸣声分类较理想的鸣叫类型。 相似文献
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Canary song is hierarchically structured: Short stereotyped syllables are repeated to form phrases, which in turn are arranged to form songs. This structure occurs even in the songs of young isolates, which suggests that innate rules govern canary song development. However, juveniles that had never heard normal song imitated abnormal synthetic songs with great accuracy, even when the tutor songs lacked phrasing. As the birds matured, imitated songs were reprogrammed to form typical canary phrasing. Thus, imitation and innate song constraints are separate processes that can be segregated in time: freedom in youth, rules in adulthood. 相似文献
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Male swamp sparrows reared in the laboratory and exposed to taped songs during infancy produce accurate imitations of the material following an 8-month interval with no rehearsal. When the first rehearsal occurs, at about 300 days of age, large numbers of syllables are perfected. They are developed through invention and improvisation as well as imitation. Most are discarded at the time of song crystallization. Hence, these songbirds learn more than they manifest in full adult song. 相似文献
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Unlike other known species of crickets, Amphiacusta maya in Central America mates in groups. Experimentally silenced males experience reduced mating success, not owing to decreased receptivity by females, but owing to increased time spent fighting with other males that persistently interrupt silent courtships. Thus, the data indicate that "courtship" chirping functions as a warning to other males, rather than as a signal to females. 相似文献
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1) Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) produce a series of beautiful and varied sounds for a period of 7 to 30 minutes and then repeat the same series with considerable precision. We call such a performance "singing" and each repeated series of sounds a "song." 2) All prolonged sound patterns (recorded so far) of this species are in song form, and each individual adheres to its own song type. 3) There seem to be several song types around which whales construct their songs, but individual variations are pronounced (there is only a very rough species-specific song pattern). 4) Songs are repeated without any obvious pause between them; thus song sessions may continue for several hours. 5) The sequence of themes in successive songs by the same individual is the same. Although the number of phrases per theme varies, no theme is ever completely omitted in our sample. 6) Loud sounds in the ocean, for example dynamite blasts, do not seem to affect the whale's songs. 7) The sex of the performer of any of the songs we have studied is unknown. 8) The function of the songs is unknown. 相似文献
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Male swamp sparrows learn their songs; they fail to learn songs of the sympatric song sparrow. Syllables from tape recordings of both species of sparrow were spliced into an array of swamp sparrow-like and song sparrow-like temporal patterns. Swamp sparrows learned only those songs made of swamp sparrow syllables. They did so irrespective of whether the temporal pattern was swamp sparrow-like or song sparrow-like. Selectivity was retained by birds reared in total isolation from adult conspecific sounds. 相似文献
19.
Gwynne DT 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,213(4509):779-780
Male Mormon crickets produce a large spermatophore that the female eats. Spermatophore proteins are important to female reproduction, and females compete for access to singing males. Males reject most receptive females as mates, and those accepted are more fecund than rejected individuals. This role reversal in courtship is in contrast to the behavior of the sexes in katydid species in which the males produce small spermatophores. 相似文献
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6种不同声频对豇豆苗期生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]研究不同类型、频率特征的声波对豇豆苗期生长的影响。[方法]以古典音乐与昆虫鸣声的混合声波（MI）、杜鹃鸣声、蟋蟀鸣声、单一频率的400Hz声波和多种频率合成的F5、Fn声波进行试验比较,对豇豆苗高、苗重进行测定,采用EXCEL进行统计分析和多重比较。[结果]经6种不同类型和频率声频处理后,豇豆苗期生长生长状况均显著优于对照组,表明声波能显著促进株高生长,对豇豆苗期助长效果较好的是400Hz、杜鹃鸣声和蟋蟀鸣声,其次是MI、Fn和F5;与对照组相比,杜鹃鸣声和蟋蟀鸣声处理组在生长期间能显著促进苗株增重。[结论]不同类型、频率特征的声波对豇豆苗期生长都有明显的助长作用,但作用效果有所差异。 相似文献