首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 578 毫秒
1.
The objective of the study was to compare body weights and growth from birth to 18 months of age of various groups of crossbred cattle born from 1999 to 2007, being crossbreds of Ankole (A) with Brown Swiss (B), Holstein Friesian (F), Jersey (J), and Sahiwal (S). Average weights were 26.5 kg at birth, 161 kg at weaning, and 226 kg at 18 months. Both season and sex significantly affected birth weight (BW), weight at 8 and 18 months (W8 and W18), and average daily gain from weaning to 18 months (ADG18) and, unlike season, sex significantly affected average daily gain to 8 months and weaning age. The general trend was that average daily gain attained a maximum before weaning and thereafter decreased until 18 months. Least square means for AB and AF calves were comparable and significantly differed only for W18 and ADG18. AJ had the lowest BW but was comparable with AS, AJxS, and ASxJ for W8, age-adjusted weaning weight, and W18. Generally, AF was heavier than other breed groups, but the difference was smaller than expected probably because environmental conditions did not allow full expression of genetic potential for growth.  相似文献   

2.
The aim of this study was to investigate the cause of variation in the digestibility of pea protein in poultry and to find a tool to select genotypes with high digestibility potential by using an in vitro hydrolysis assay. Eight pea genotypes were selected for their difference in seed protein content and composition. To reduce the variation due to tannins and particle size, seeds from these 8 genotypes were dehulled and micro-ground. They were incorporated as the only protein source in 8 different experimental isoproteinaceous diets with similar metabolisable energy content. The amino acid digestibility was studied in cecectomized chickens. A balance method was used to obtain apparent digestibility, and the isotope dilution technique was used to determine endogenous losses and true digestibility, after feeding a double labelled test meal containing chromic oxide and 15N-labelled peas. The 8 diets showed differences in apparent amino acid digestibility. The average apparent digestibility for all amino acids varied between 79.5 and 86.3%, with the highest values for arginine (85.2 to 90.8%) and glutamic acid (85.2 to 90.5%), and the lowest values for cystine (63.3 to 69.7%) and tryptophan (69.1 to 80.3%). This variability of apparent amino acid digestibility was due to variations in endogenous losses and true digestibility among the 8 pea genotypes. The average endogenous losses as determined for 9 amino acids ranged from 3.6 to 5.4% of ingested amino acids, with the highest value for threonine (8.0 to 11.0%). The average true digestibility varied between 84.4 and 90.2%, with the highest values for lysine (89.0 to 95.0%), and the lowest for isoleucine (81.0 to 88.7%) and valine (82.4 to 88.7%). In vitro hydrolysis of protein from micro-ground seeds was performed for the 8 pea genotypes using three proteases (pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin). The quantity of small peptides (< 3 kDa) that appeared after the combined hydrolysis with pepsin (3 h) followed by trypsin and chymotrypsin (15 min) was significantly correlated with the average true digestibility of the 8 genotypes (R = 0.74; P < 0.05).  相似文献   

3.
试验旨在探究日粮中添加巨菌草(Pennisetum giganteum)对七彩山鸡(Phasianus colchicus)生长性能、免疫器官以及肠绒毛形态的影响。试验选取1周龄健康的七彩山鸡(母)210只,随机分为1个对照组(0%组)和4个饲料处理组,每组3个平行。4个饲料处理组配制时,分别添加4%、8%、12%、16%的巨菌草添加剂于基础饲料中。结果表明,与0%组相比,12%组七彩山鸡的平均体重和平均日采食量显著增加(P<0.05);4%、8%、12%组平均日增重显著大于16%组(P<0.05);8%组料重比显著降低(P<0.05);饲料处理组免疫器官指数中肝脏、脾脏指数均在0%组的基础上有所增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05);8%的巨菌草添加剂可显著增加七彩山鸡肠道的绒毛长度(P<0.05),隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),扩大肠道黏膜吸收面积。说明日粮中添加巨菌草可以提高七彩山鸡肠道对营养的吸收能力,一定程度上改善七彩山鸡生长性能和免疫性能。  相似文献   

4.
从某一已免疫禽流感的种鹅场采取30份血样，分别以健康鸡红细胞悬液和健康皖西白鹅红细胞悬液为指示剂，对30份血样进行禽流感血凝和血凝抑制试验。结果：用鸡红细胞悬液作指示剂进行血凝试验，测出抗原4HAU为1：32；用鹅红细胞悬液作指示剂进行血凝试验，测出抗原4HAU为1：8以1：32倍数稀释抗原，分别用鸡红细胞和鹅红细胞悬液作指示剂进行血凝抑制试验，测出30份鹅血清禽流感H5免疫抗体效价的平均值分别为2^5.8和2^3.9；以1：8倍数稀释抗原，用鹅红细胞悬液作指示剂进行血凝抑制试验，测出30份鹅血清禽流感免疫抗体的平均效价为2^5.1。  相似文献   

5.
福安水牛的分子遗传多样性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
福安水牛是福建省地方优良品种之一,为了进一步阐明其群体遗传结构和遗传多样性,采用8对微卫星引物对福建福安、闽清、古田及南靖等4个福安水牛群体,共计130头样本进行检测分析。结果表明:福安水牛4个群体8个微卫星座位共有78个等位基因,其中4个群体共享的等位基因为50个,非共享等位基因28个。各等位基因频率介于0.015 2~0.527 8之间;共检测到基因型6~29种;4个群体的平均多态信息含量、杂合度、有效等位基因数分别为0.817 2±0.023 0、0.820 4±0.029 4和5.85±0.84;根据奈氏标准遗传距离进行UPGMA聚类分析,结果表明:遗传距离最远的是闽清群体与南靖群体(0.351 8),遗传距离最近的是福安群体与闽清群体(0.183 2)。  相似文献   

6.
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加胍基乙酸(GAA)对爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡生长性能、血液学指标、脏器指数、组织同型半胱氨酸含量以及组织形态的影响,以系统评价AA肉仔鸡对GAA的耐受性。试验选用540只1日龄AA肉仔鸡公雏,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复18只鸡。5组试鸡分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0、800、1 600、4 000和8 000 mg/kg GAA的饲粮。试验期42 d,分为前期(1~21日龄)和后期(22~42日龄)2个阶段。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮添加800~4 000 mg/kg GAA显著提高了肉仔鸡前期、后期和全期平均日增重(P0.05),显著降低其后期和全期料重比(P0.05),但对各期平均日采食量均无显著影响(P0.05)。饲粮添加8 000 mg/kg GAA组的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。饲粮添加800~8 000 mg/kg GAA对21、42日龄肉仔鸡血常规指标、血清生化指标、脏器指数和组织同型半胱氨酸含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。饲粮添加4 000、8 000 mg/kg GAA对肉仔鸡肝脏和肾脏组织形态无不良影响。由此可见,肉仔鸡饲粮中添加GAA对其生长性能、血液学指标、脏器指数、组织同型半胱氨酸含量和组织形态无不良影响,肉仔鸡可耐受8 000 mg/kg GAA。  相似文献   

7.
The aim of this study was to establish expected average parameters for barking in normal suburban dogs in New Zealand (defined as dogs with no history of problem or nuisance barking) that are left alone for 8 hours during the day, with indoor/outdoor access, and are walked daily. Parameters evaluated over the 8-hour period were the average number of barking episodes, average length of each episode, and average total amount of barking (in seconds). The effects of age and sex on these parameters were assessed. Clients from 2 different Auckland veterinary practices were offered the opportunity to participate in the study (n = 60). Participants were provided with a voice-operated tape recorder (Sony M-200MC Microcassette Recorder) and a written instruction sheet. They recorded their dogs daily over 8 hours for 5 days. Data were then recorded onto a spreadsheet by the investigator, and averages were evaluated using the Windows XLS system. Further analysis was done using the PASW 18 statistical analysis system. Box plots were constructed to evaluate variation between and within dogs. On average, dogs barked between 4 and 5 times over 8 hours. The average length of each episode was 30 seconds, and the average total amount of barking in 8 hours was 129 seconds. Younger dogs (younger than 5 years) tended to bark more frequently than older dogs. These parameters provide a baseline against which barking complaints may be measured.  相似文献   

8.
为了解台系杜洛克母猪重复力遗传参数在国内的适应性,充实完善台系杜洛克猪产仔数的重复力,继续选育提高杜洛克猪育种水平及经济效益。通过采用组内相关的方法,对某大型种猪企业的台系杜洛克猪1~8胎次产仔数的重复力进行估测。结果表明:台系杜洛克猪1~8胎次的平均产仔数分别为8.6头、9.65头、9.35头、9.00头、8.30头、8.80头、7.65头;台系杜洛克猪8个胎次平均产仔数为8.44头;台系杜洛克猪产仔数的重复力为0.42。  相似文献   

9.
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Sixteen red Sokoto (RS) bucks having an average weight of 9.11&nbsp;kg and aged 5–8&nbsp;months were used to determine the performance and...  相似文献   

10.
玉米DDGS饲喂肉鸭的营养价值研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
试验用不同添加水平的玉米DDGS代替豆粕饲喂樱桃谷肉鸭,旨在探讨其饲喂肉鸭的营养价值。试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计,共设5个处理组,分别添加0(对照组)、2%、4%、6%和8%的玉米DDGS。每组3个重复,每个重复40只。结果表明:在采食量方面各添加DDGS组与对照组相比有提高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);在平均日增重和料肉比方面,2%、4%和6%组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),而8%组日增重极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),料肉比极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);在饲料增重成本方面,各添加DDGS组均低于对照组。可见,在肉鸭饲料中添加到6%的DDGS不影响肉鸭的生产性能,但是可以明显降低成本,取得较好的经济效益。  相似文献   

11.
为研究乳酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响,试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,选取1600只360日龄的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组8个重复,每个重复50只鸡。础饲日粮为玉米-豆粕型粉状饲粮,处理1组饲喂基础饲粮+60 mg/kg一水硫酸锌(以锌计),处理2组饲喂基础饲粮+60 mg/kg乳酸锌(以锌计),处理3组饲喂基础饲粮+40 mg/kg乳酸锌(以锌计),处理4组饲喂基础饲粮+60 mg/kg锌(一水硫酸锌和乳酸锌提供的锌各一半)。结果表明,蛋鸡日粮中添加60 mg/kg乳酸锌(以锌计)能显著降低平均破蛋率、提高平均蛋壳强度(P<0.05)和明显提高平均蛋壳厚度,并且平均死亡率最低,但对蛋鸡的平均产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日采食量和平均料蛋比无显著影响(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

12.
用三色间接流式细胞术检测猪外周血粒细胞、B细胞和单核细胞亚群。来源于2头猪的12个猪外周血液样品裂解红细胞后,用3种SWC（swine workshop cluster）单抗和不同标记的二抗染色,对全体细胞设门,测定了SWC1、SWC3、SWC8在外周血白细胞上的表达,分析了嗜中性粒细胞（SWCI^＋SWC3^＋SWC8^＋）、嗜酸性粒细胞（SWCI^-SWC3^＋SWC8^＋）、B细胞（SWC1^-SWC3^-SWC8^＋）、单核细胞（SWC1^＋SWC3^＋SWC8^-）在外周血白细胞中的比例。结果显示,细胞分群情况良好,两组测定结果的均值及方差无显著差异,其中嗜中性粒细胞占（32．6±0．8）％,嗜酸性粒细胞占（4．7±0．3）％,B淋巴细胞占（3．7±0．2）％,单核细胞占（2．2±0．2）％。  相似文献   

13.
为研究DL-蛋氨酸对瘤胃消化代谢的影响，本试验选取4只体重约30 kg，装置永久性瘤胃瘘管的槐山羊，采用4×4拉丁方设计，在4期试验中分别经瘤胃投饲0（对照组）、4、6、8 g/d·只 DL 蛋氨酸。结果表明:①与对照组相比，给槐山羊投饲6～8 g/d·只DL-蛋氨酸，显著降低瘤胃液pH，但不影响瘤胃液氨态氮浓度。②〖JP3〗各处理组分别提高乙、丙、丁酸平均浓度7.2%～30.1%、43.6%～102.3%、15%～35.4%，总VFA平均浓度提高幅度为13.3%～38.3%，基本上各处理组在添加6～8 g/d·只达到显著水平。③添加8 g/d·只 DL-蛋氨酸可以显著提高前胃干物质、半纤维素的消失量，分别为85和45 g/d，消失率分别提高6.6%、12.2%。以及提高钙到达十二指肠的量和率。前胃纤维素的消失量和消失率均有随添加量增加而增加的趋势。以上结果提示：供给槐山羊6～8 g/d·只 DL-蛋氨酸是可以改善瘤胃对干物质和粗纤维的消化和瘤胃代谢状况的。  相似文献   

14.
The current available formulations of itraconazole are not ideal for dosing in cats. The capsular preparation often does not allow for accurate dosing, the oral solution is difficult to administer and poorly tolerated, and the bioavailability of compounded formulations has been shown to be poor in other species. The aim of this study was to evaluate every other day dosing of 100 mg itraconazole capsule in healthy adult cats. Ten healthy adult cats received a 100 mg capsule of itraconazole orally every 48 h for 8 weeks. Peak and trough serum concentrations of itraconazole were measured weekly using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Physical examination, complete blood count (CBC), and chemistry profiles were performed weekly. The dosage regimen achieved average therapeutic trough concentrations (>0.5 μg/mL) within 3 weeks. The protocol yielded no adverse effects in 8 of the 10 study cats, with affected cats recovering fully with discontinuation of the drug and supportive care. At 8 weeks, an average peak concentration of 1.79 ± 0.952 μg/mL (95% CI: 0.996–2.588) and an average trough concentration of 0.761 ± 0.540 μg/mL (95% CI: 0.314–1.216) were achieved. Overall, a 100 mg every other day oral dosage regimen for itraconazole in cats yielded serum concentrations with minimal fluctuation and with careful monitoring may be considered for treatment of cats with systemic fungal disease.  相似文献   

15.
The effects of weaning on beef calves of different ages were investigated. Forty male and 40 female calves were either weaned at 6 (W6, n = 40) or 8 (W8, n = 40) months of age. The vocalization activity and behaviors (feeding, lying and standing/walking) were observed during the first 3 days following weaning. Body weight was recorded at 6 and 8 months and 2 weeks following weaning. W6 animals vocalized more often than W8 calves and females more than males on day 1 (P < 0.05). The vocalization activity decreased at a higher rate in W8 than in W6 from days 1 to 3. On day 2, W6 calves spent less time lying and more standing/walking than W8 calves (P < 0.05). The behaviors did not differ between males and females. The average daily gain after weaning did not differ between weaning ages (P > 0.05), but W8 calves gained more from 6 to 8 months of age. In conclusion, weaning distress was more pronounced in W6 than in W8 calves. W8 calves also had a superior growth performance during 6 to 8 months of age. The effect of the calves' sex was less pronounced. Therefore, it is recommended to wean beef calves later than 6 months of age.  相似文献   

16.
采用8个微卫星座位对福建省5个地方猪种(槐猪、官庄花猪、莆田黑猪、闽北花猪、武夷黑猪)的遗传结构进行了分析,计算了遗传杂合度、有效等位基因数、多态信息含量、Nei氏标准遗传距离。结果表明:8个位点均为高度多态位点;5个猪种群体内的遗传多样性比较高,8个微卫星位点平均杂合度介于0.7006～0.7760之间;多态信息含量在0.6917～0.7609之间;槐猪与武夷黑猪的遗传距离最小0.5531,官庄花猪与闽北花猪的遗传距离最大0.8618。  相似文献   

17.
Metamizole (MT) is a pyrazolone nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug labelled for humans and animals. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of its active metabolites 4‐methylamino‐antipyrine (MAA) and 4‐amino‐antipyrine (AA) in male piglets after a single intramuscular injection of MT. Eight healthy male piglets were administered MT (100 mg/kg) intramuscularly. Blood was sampled at scheduled time intervals, and drug plasma concentrations evaluated by a validated HPLC method. MAA and AA plasma concentrations were quantitatively detectable from 0.25 to 48 h and 0.50 to 72 h, respectively, in 6 of 8 and 7 of 8 animals. The average maximum concentrations of MAA and AA were of 47.59 and 4.94 mg/mL, respectively. The average half‐lives were 8.57 and 13.3 h for MAA and AA, respectively. This study showed that the amount of MAA and AA produced in piglets is different to that in the animal species previously investigated. Further studies are necessary to understand whether these differences in MAA and AA plasma concentrations between animal species necessitate diverse therapeutic drug dosing.  相似文献   

18.
Effects of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) on stocker cattle systems are unknown under extensive rangeland environments. Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that BRD-based morbidity is a major factor affecting the productivity and profitability of stocker cattle grazing Southern Plains rangelands. In Exp. 1 (658 male calves; average BW = 231 kg), 17% of the cattle were treated for BRD <8 d, 6% for 8 to 14 d, and 8% for >14 d. Morbid cattle had lower ADG than did healthy cattle (P < 0.10). Cattle requiring 14 d of pharmaceutical therapy gained less than cattle having <14 d therapy (P < 0.01). In Exp. 2, (279 steers and bulls; average BW = 216 kg), the ADG by steers (0.74 kg x animal(-1) x d(-1)) was greater (P < 0.05) than by bulls castrated after arrival (0.64 kg x animal(-1) x d(-1)). Castration after arrival led to a 13.5% loss in daily gain and a 10.3% loss in season-long gain. More (P < 0.05) bulls castrated after arrival (60%) were morbid compared with steers (28%). In Exp. 3, 633 heifers (average BW = 251 kg) were used to test the effects of morbidity on weight gain and reproduction. Heifers with lower initial weights exhibited increased (P < 0.05) morbidity. Heifers requiring two or more antibiotic treatments gained 0.03 kg/d less (P < 0.10) than did healthy heifers and had lower (P < 0.05) conception rates (66 vs. 81%). Conception rate in twice-treated heifers was 19% less than healthy heifers. Morbid heifers conceived 0.6 mo later (P < 0.05) than healthy heifers. Under the conditions of Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, morbidity decreased net returns 9.7 to 21.3% per animal. Adjusted gross returns per animal in Exp. 3 for replacement heifers were 3 to 7.8% less for morbid heifers.  相似文献   

19.
试验选用160只21日龄的艾维茵肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组4个重复(栏),每栏8只鸡,在玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加不同水平膨化菜籽(2.0%、6.0%、10%和14%)。试验结果表明:(1)整个生长期膨化菜籽组与对照组相比,平均日增重、日采食量均有显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05),添加6.0%膨化菜籽组对肉鸡促生长效果最好;(2)膨化菜籽组与对照组相比,对肉鸡血清中白蛋白、尿素氮、碱性磷酸酶、总胆固醇和甘油三酯等生化指标没有显著性影响(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

20.
本研究旨在分析垂体特异性转录因子(Pit-1)基因SNPs与中国西门塔尔牛生长和育肥性状的相关性。试验以118头中国西门塔尔牛为材料,利用DNA测序和PCR-RFLP方法检测Pit-1基因Hinf Ⅰ酶切位点多态性,并进行相关分析。结果表明,Hinf Ⅰ酶切位点与料重比和平均日增重性状呈显著相关(P＜0.05),其中BB基因型个体显著优于AA基因型个体,饲料转化率较低,平均日增重较高;在8、15月龄体高性状,12、15月龄体长性状,8、12、15月龄胸围性状和8月龄腹围性状中,Hinf Ⅰ酶切位点多态差异显著,BB基因型个体表型值显著高于AA基因型(P＜0.05);在宰后体尺性状测量性状中,Pit-1基因Hinf Ⅰ多态位点对胴体长、胴体胸深和腰部肉厚性状影响显著,其中BB基因型个体表型值显著大于AA和AB基因型个体(P＜0.05)。初步认为,BB基因型与优良的生长育肥性能显著相关,对B等位基因的选择有利于优良性状的改良。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号