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不同窖藏条件下马铃薯块茎营养物质含量的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以克新1号为供试材料,研究了4种不同窖藏条件下马铃薯块茎中干物质、淀粉、还原糖、Vc、可溶性蛋白含量的变化。结果表明:在4种不同窖藏条件下,马铃薯块茎中干物质、淀粉、还原糖、Vc、可溶性蛋白含量变化趋势相同,但变化幅度不同。窖内平均温度越高,湿度越小,块茎干物质、Vc、可溶性蛋白含量降低幅度越大,而淀粉含量降低幅度与还原糖增加幅度越小;反之,窖内平均温度越低,湿度越大,块茎干物质、Vc、可溶性蛋白含量降低幅度越小,淀粉含量降低幅度与还原糖含量增加幅度越大。 相似文献
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本试验对40份材料块茎中的干物质、粗蛋白、维生素C以及还原糖进行了分析,其中包括普通栽培种(Solanum tuberosum)20份,新型栽培种(Neo-tuberosum)5份,普通栽培种×新型栽培种杂种5份,二倍体栽培种(S.Phureja)9份,二倍体杂种(Neo-tuberosum双单倍体×S.phureja)1份。结果表明,干物质(％)、干物质中粗蛋白(％)、鲜薯中粗蛋白(％)、V_c(mg/100g鲜薯,以及还原糖含量(％)的平均数和标准差分别为19.8893±2.2448,11.9805±2.0367,2.3640±0.3881,8.5288±2.04322和0.6113±0.3031;干物质和干物质中的粗蛋白含量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.4118~(**)),但和鲜薯中粗蛋白含量呈不显著正相关(r=0.2083);干物质和V_c含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.4246~(**)),和还原糖含量呈不显著负相关(r=-0.2769)。 相似文献
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贮藏期间马铃薯几个主要加工品质指标的变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以宁夏南部山区近几年几个主栽品种为试验材料,测定了不同贮藏时期几个主要加工品质指标。结果表明:其加工所要求的主要的品质指标干物质、淀粉含量在收获时最高,随着贮藏时间的延长,不同品种马铃薯块茎干物质、淀粉含量均有不同程度的下降趋势。贮藏中期下降最多,贮藏末期各品种干物质、淀粉含量有所回升。还原糖等含量的变化与淀粉磷酸化酶、蔗糖转化酶的活性息息相关。随着低温贮藏天数的延长,不同品种马铃薯还原糖含量呈上升趋势。因此,在马铃薯加工利用时,对于低温长时间存贮的马铃薯根据加工利用目的如淀粉加工、食品加工必须进行升温贮藏,以降低淀粉磷酸化酶的活性,增加淀粉合成酶的活性,使糖转化为淀粉,提高块茎的淀粉含量,降低还原糖含量。 相似文献
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马铃薯高淀粉栽培研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
淀粉含量是马铃薯品质优劣的重要指标,人们从多方面开展了提高马铃薯淀粉含量的研究。有利于马铃薯块茎淀粉含量的增加的因素或措施包括:马铃薯淀粉积累期,温度下降较慢,昼夜温差大,较长的日照时数;结薯中后期和淀粉积累初期,土壤湿度维持在80%左右;适宜的栽培密度;生育中后期叶柄较高的氮、磷、钾的含量;马铃薯叶片及茎秆较高的干物率、可溶性糖含量、还原糖含量、淀粉含量。此外,马铃薯块茎淀粉积累速度与淀粉磷酸化酶活性呈正相关,与蔗糖转化酶活性呈负相关,AGPase是马铃薯块茎中淀粉合成的限速酶。马铃薯叶片及块茎ABA含量与块茎中淀粉的不断积累过程相一致,而GA3、IAA对茎叶的生长和块茎的增大有一定促进,但对淀粉的积累可能有抑制。 相似文献
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以新型栽培种6个杂交组合后代的156份无性系为供试材料,利用尿糖试纸法进行低还原糖材料的初筛选后,再对低还原糖材料进行低温贮藏和回暖后还原糖、干物质含量的精确测定。试验结果表明:利用尿糖试纸法筛选出19份显色为1级的材料,采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法精确测定,还原糖含量小于0.4%的有16份,证明应用此法进行马铃薯块茎还原糖含量的初筛选是有效的。低温贮藏和回暖试验结果显示,无性系1、2、4和7为耐低温糖化类型,无性系3、5、6、8、9、12、13和15属于回暖反应明显的类型,无性系10、11、14和16属于低温糖化明显的类型。 相似文献
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不同氮钾比例对马铃薯产量和品质的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
为探寻马铃薯高效栽培技术,提高肥料利用率,研究了不同氮钾水平对马铃薯产量因子和质量因子的影响。当N:K2O比增加时,马铃薯的生长发育进程推迟,健康态势降低,块茎蛋白质含量升高。而N:K2O比降低时,块茎的干物质、淀粉、还原糖、总糖和Vc等含量趋向增加,但钾肥的百分比过高时,又会阻碍马铃薯生长发育,降低产量和品质。 相似文献
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加工型马铃薯品种对块茎干物质含量、淀粉含量、还原糖含量等品质指标有严格要求,这些指标与养分供给息息相关。为了解不同加工型马铃薯品种对氮钾肥的偏好,在东北黑土条件下,以‘东农314’和‘东农322’两个自主选育的加工型新品种为供试材料、‘大西洋’为对照,设置常肥、高钾、高钾高氮3个不同的氮钾配比,从块茎膨大期开始取样直至收获,比较分析3个加工型品种块茎干物质含量、淀粉含量、还原糖含量以及粗蛋白含量的差异。‘东农322’在施用常肥N 109.5 kg/hm2、K2O 112.5 kg/hm2时块茎的加工品质较好,‘东农314’和对照品种‘大西洋’对氮钾肥的吸收规律相同,在常肥基础上增施37.5 kg/hm2钾肥可以增加块茎中干物质含量、降低还原糖含量,提升其加工品质。因此,‘东农314’和‘东农322’两个新品种施用合适的氮钾肥均可作为加工型品种推广应用。 相似文献
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Field studies were conducted at the Central Potato Research Institute Campus, Modipuram (India), during two seasons (2003–2004
and 2004–2005), with two processing cultivars (cvs Kufri Chipsona-1 and Kufri Chipsona-2) and nine combinations of potassium
source (K-chloride, K-sulphate and K-nitrate) and time of K application (basal dressing, split application and split application
+ foliar spray) to investigate their effect on tuber yield and processing attributes for crisp production under subtropical
conditions. Yearly variations were observed for most of the variables studied. Between cultivars, the tuber and biomass yield
was higher in cv. Kufri Chipsona-1, whereas specific gravity, tuber dry-matter percentage and crisp recovery were higher in
cv. Kufri Chipsona-2. Stem number, plant height and compound leaf number were not influenced by sources of K fertilizer or
application time. Processing-grade tuber yield, total tuber yield and biomass yield were statistically similar for K-chloride
and K-sulphate and lower for K-nitrate. K sources affected both specific gravity and tuber dry-matter percentage significantly;
K-sulphate and K-nitrate gave significantly higher values than K-chloride. The application time had no significant effect
on processing grade and total tuber yield or on tuber specific gravity and dry-matter percentage. Values for crisp colour
and reducing sugars were within the acceptable range for all treatments. Crisp yields were calculated to be highest and oil
percentage of the crisps to be lowest when K-sulphate was applied as K fertilizer. Net income and benefit:cost ratio were
highest for K-chloride followed by K-sulphate and lowest for K-nitrate. The study suggests that for crisping potatoes, K-sulphate
is more suited than K-chloride, as it not only increased tuber dry-matter percentage and crisp yield, but also decreased crisp
oil percentage. 相似文献
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本试验测定了两个马铃薯品种在４ ℃和１０ ℃低温贮藏条件下块茎的呼吸强度和蔗糖、还原糖的含量。 Ｎ Ｄ８６０ ２ 品种在４ ℃和１０ ℃条件下, 还原糖含量变化差异不大, 而 Ｎｏｒｃｈｉｐ 品种在４ ℃下还原糖含量远远高于１０ ℃的处理。两个品种块茎中蔗糖含量甚微。呼吸强度与还原糖含量的变化的相关性不明显。结果表明, 两个品种在低温条件下糖代谢机理不同。 相似文献
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Summary Assessments were made in three seasons of yields and tuber dry-matter percentages at harvests from June to early August in
a range of cultivars gorwn at a coastal site in south-west Wales. Lareg differences in tuber dry-matter percentage were found
between cultivars within seasons and also at similar dates between seasons.The cultivar Home Guard produced consistently high
dry-matter percentages each year in the period from late June to early August but cv. Redord achieved similar or higher dry-matter
contents after mid-Julyl. Most other cultivars produced lower dry matter percentages throughout the sampling period. The potential
for the use of early maturing cultivars in late June and July for processing into crisps is discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Reducing sugar and sucrose contents of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) from six cultivars were monitored both during the growing season and after a four months storage period at 10°C. Significant
correlations were found between tuber sugar contents (sucrose, reducing and total) measured at harvest and the reducing sugar
content after storage. Similarly, in five of the six cultivars, the sucrose loss and the corresponding reducing sugar gain
during storage were significantly correlated. 相似文献
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K. Goto 《Potato Research》1981,24(2):171-176
Summary Total sugar, reducing sugar, glucose, fructose, and sucrose of scabbed (Streptomyces scabies) and scab-free harvested tubers of several potato cultivars were analysed in four portions (pell and tube flesh separtely,
from basal and apical halves), and also in small whole growing tubers.
The peel of scabby harvested tubes had higher reducing sugar (glucose and fructose) contents than that of corresponding scab-free
tubers. The sugar contents in the flesh and in small growing tubers did not show significant difference beween the scabbed
and scab-free state.
Tubers of scab-susceptible cultivars had more scab and a higher reducing sugar content than those of resistant cultivars.
The results indicate that the contents of reducing sugar (glucose and fructose) in tuber peel are positively correlated with
scab severity. 相似文献
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Summary Field experiments with four potato cultivars showed that there were significant differences in susceptibility to attack by
wireworm,Agriotes obscurus. The two most susceptible cultivars had the lowest total glycoalkaloid (TGA) contents. Laboratory experiments with wireworms
feeding on tuber slices demonstrated that regions characterized by a low sugar and a high glycoalkaloid concentration were
avoided as feeding sites. Bio-assays with glycoalkaloids also showed that paper discs treated with a mixture of solanine and
chaconine were avoided by wireworms.
According to a forward stepwise regression analysis based on data from four cultivars and six regions of the tuber. TGA was
the key factor in predicting larval feeding, accounting for 65% of the total variation. Differences in reducing sugar levels
(fructose + glucose) explained an additional 13% of the variation. Differences in chlorogenic acid and sucrose levels added
very little to the accuracy of the prediction. 相似文献
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Two experiments are reported which examined the effect of various treatments on the relationship between tuber dry-matter content and tuber size using 0.25 inch size grade increments. The data were analyzed by an orthogonal polynomial technique and it was found that the relationship was of a quadratic nature in all cases. Significant treatment differences were found between planting densities, row widths and varieties. At small tuber sizes treatments with high stem densities produced tubers with a higher dry-matter content than tubers from low stem densities. At larger tuber sizes the dry-matter content of tubers from high densities declined most rapidly. The treatment differences at small tuber sizes were generally explained by the rates of water use by the crop and it is suggested that the decline in tuber dry-matter content at large tuber sizes may be a result of a moisture sress induced change from starch to sugar in parts of the tuber. The implications of these findings are discussed. The type of relationship found would indicate that the production of large tubers does not necessarily result in high dry-matter content. It is clearly essential to use very closely graded sizes of tuber when examining treatment effects on factors such as dry-matter content. 相似文献
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Starch Characteristics of Modern and Heirloom Potato Cultivars 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Diego Fajardo Kathleen G. Haynes Shelley Jansky 《American Journal of Potato Research》2013,90(5):460-469
In a number of ways, modern potato breeding efforts differ from those that created heirloom cultivars. As a result of the rapid expansion of the potato processing industry in the mid twentieth century, potato breeders shifted their focus from fresh market varieties to those intended for the fry and chip markets. Selection for higher dry matter content and lower reducing sugar levels in tubers was successful. This study sought to determine whether modern processing cultivars differ from heirloom cultivars for two major characteristics of tuber starch, amylose content and starch granule morphology. Since breeding efforts for processing potatoes have focused on the maintenance of tuber quality during storage, these parameters were measured in both fresh and stored tubers. Twenty cultivars selected to span the range of cultivar release dates in the U.S. were grown at Hancock, WI in 2009 and 2010 and evaluated for tuber amylose content and measurements of starch granule surface area, length, width, length to width ratio, and smoothness. These traits were found to be stable across years and during storage. Significant differences in the amylose content and starch granule morphology exist among cultivars, but there is no clear distinction between modern and heirloom cultivars. Genetic variation for amylose content and starch granule morphology was found within the set of clones sampled for this study. However, germplasm with higher amylose content will need to be identified and utilized in breeding if the nutritional benefits associated with high fiber and low glycemic index are to be realized. 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》1988,19(3):211-225
Our previous work has shown that early-maturing soybean is suitable for intercropping with vassava at a high latitude (27°S) in south-east Queensland, Australia, as it does not effect the tuber yield. The present study examines whether later-maturing cultivars of soybean with higher yield potential might be more productive. Plant arrangement for cassava was the same in sole crop and in intercrop, while two soybean rows in every six rows were replaced by a row of cassava in intercropping.All soybean cultivars dominated intercropped cassava, and their dry-matter growth and seed yield were not affected by competition with cassava. Growth of cassava was, on the other hand, severely restricted by intercropped soybean, particularly by late-maturing types. After removal of early-maturing soybean, cassava recovered quickly to produce high leaf-area and effectively intercepted solar radiation. Consequential high total dry-matter production, combined with high assimilate allocation to tubers, resulted in tuber yield at the final harvest similar to that in sole cassava. After the removal of late-maturing soybean, however, recovery was poor, and with a short growing season remaining, tuber yields were only 50–60% of that of sole cassava.In addition to their adverse effect on cassave growth, late-maturing cultivars were not suitable as an intercrop because of low harvest indices and low light-conversion efficiency (dry matter produced per unit intercepted radiation), although total light interception during the whole growth of cassava/soybean intercrop was similar to that of sole cassava. The low overall light-conversion efficiency in intercropping with late-maturing cultivars was due to very low dry-matter production of soybean during pod-filling when light interception was still high. 相似文献