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由疫霉菌引起的苗疫、褐腐病是柑桔苗期和结果期间的重要病害。为筛选出有效防治药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了11种杀菌剂对柠檬褐腐病病原柑桔褐腐疫霉Phytophthora citrophthora的室内毒力。结果表明,氟噻唑吡乙酮与双炔酰菌胺的抑菌作用强,EC50值分别为0.000 6、0.011 6 mg/L;烯酰吗啉、氟菌·霜霉威和霜脲氰的抑菌作用较强,EC50值分别为0.464 8、0.608 8、0.647 1 mg/L;其余杀菌剂的毒力一般或较差,甲霜·锰锌、代森锰锌、百菌清、三乙膦酸铝、氢氧化铜和丁子香酚的EC50值分别为4.034 0、13.230 0、25.400 0、41.740 0、69.150 0和71.510 0 mg/L。 相似文献
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贮藏期柑橘果实蒂腐病、黑腐病、炭疽病、褐腐病等一类病害（下面简称？蒂腐等病害）是贮藏橘果防腐保鲜工作的难点。采用柑橘防腐保鲜剂浸果主要？用于防治采后由伤口侵染引发的柑橘青绿霉等病害；然而对采前采后均可侵染？，但以采前侵染为主的柑橘蒂腐等病害的防治效果甚差。为寻找防治此类病害？的新途径和新方法，在生长期使用大生等杀菌剂对预防贮藏期柑橘果实蒂腐等病？害的效果进行了研究，现将结果报道如下。１ 材料与方法１．１ 供试柑橘品种和试验地 供试的温州蜜柑品种试验地在台州市黄？岩区头陀镇林特综合实验场；贮… 相似文献
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苹果褐腐病的发生规律与防治措施高术国苏翠军（河北省抚宁县职业技术教育中心·０６６３００）苹果褐腐病以危害苹果和梨等果实为主。一般在果实生长后期和贮藏期间发病。在１９９４年华北地区烂果病大发生年份，苹果褐腐病造成的烂果量占很大比例，椐调查，褐腐病引起的... 相似文献
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苹果褐腐病的症状与防治苹果褐腐病是一种世界性广泛分布的病害，果实生长后期和贮藏期间严重危害。褐腐病除危害仁果外，也能危害核果。果实染病后，表面起初为淡褐色水浸状小斑，病部迅速扩大呈软腐状，短期内可使整个果实腐烂，果肉松软如海绵状，略有弹性，失去香味。... 相似文献
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桃树褐腐病是一种常见的桃树重要病害.除危害桃树外,还危害樱桃、李、杏等其他核果类果树.褐腐病在全国各桃产区都有发生,该病危害桃树的花、叶、枝梢及果实,以果实受害最重.如果防治不及时,可造成毁灭性损失,造成产量欠收,给果农带来很大的经济损失.桃树褐腐病的发病症状与综合防治措施是： 相似文献
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《果树学报》2016,(10)
【目的】筛选防治苹果疫腐病的有效杀菌剂。【方法】采用先施药后接种和先接种后施药的方法,在室内离体‘富士’苹果果实上测试了13种杀菌剂保护果实免受疫腐病菌侵染的保护效果和抑制病菌在果实内生长扩展的内吸治疗效果。【结果】所测试的13种杀菌剂都能有效保护果实防止疫腐病菌侵染,保护效果达100%;其中,氟菌·霜霉威、噁霜·锰锌、烯酰吗啉、氰霜唑、吡唑醚菌酯、双炔酰菌胺和霜脲·锰锌7种杀菌剂的保护效果可维持10 d以上,其余6种药剂的保护效果可维持5 d以上;当疫腐病菌侵入果实后,13种杀菌剂都不能有效抑制病菌的生长扩展,防止果实发病,没有内吸治疗效果。【结论】所测试的13种杀菌剂在病菌侵染之前喷施都能有效阻止病菌侵染,持效期不短于5 d,在病菌侵染之后施用则都不能有效抑制病菌扩展致病。 相似文献
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Naringin, a bitter bioflavonoid of orange, widely reported for health promoting benefits is also responsible for reduced acceptability of many orange products where peels are integral components. The current study quantified naringin concentrations present in three types of oranges viz., Nagpur (Citrus reticulata Blanco), Kinnow (Citrus nobilis × Citrus deliciosa), and Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) spectrophotometrically and by high performance liquid chromatograph. The oranges were subjected to repeated blanching at a mild blanching temperature of 65 °C, subjected to osmodehydration and the loss of naringin monitored during processing as well as during extended storage of up to 6 months at room temperature. A wide range of physicochemical parameters were monitored at monthly intervals during the entire period of storage. Blanching reduced the naringin content by 50% and storage further decreased it to 3–10 mg/100g for all of the cultivars studied. In terms of physicochemical parameters and sensory analysis, Kinnow and Mandarin cultivars are better suited for osmotic dehydration. 相似文献
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为解决辽西地区西兰花春季冷棚生产
仍然采用传统的栽培方式,存在栽培技术落后、
用工较多、生产成本较高等问题,提出了轻简化
栽培技术,从品种选择、播种育苗、起垄定植、
肥水管理等关键技术实现轻简化,使西兰花产量
达到32.25 t/hm2
,较传统栽培提高了22.86%,节省
劳动力30%以上,减少农药使用量15%左右,节约
成本25%以上,显著提高了经济效益和社会效益。 相似文献
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温度预处理对柑橘果实活性氧代谢相关酶的影响 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
以尾张温州蜜柑（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓ ｕｎｓｈｉｕ Ｍａｒｃ．）和哈姆林甜橙（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｏｓｂｅｃｋ．）为试材，研究了不同温度预处理对果实呼吸速率、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量、果皮相对电导率（ＲＥＣ）和木质素含量的影响。结果表明，２０℃预处理 ３ｄ的果实，在贮藏至 １００ ｄ时，呼吸速率、ＭＤＡ含量。果皮 ＲＥＣ均为最低。２０℃预处理果实在贮藏后期 ＳＯＤ与 ＣＡＴ能较好地协同作用清除 Ｏ２－·，果实受自由基伤害程度最小，果实衰老得以延缓。温度预处理引起的ＰＯＤ活性的上升可能与提高果皮木质素含量、加速受损伤油胞的迅速愈合有关，而贮藏后期 ＰＯＤ活性的上升可能与果实的衰老有关。 相似文献
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D. C. Harris 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):627-637
Crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum) of apple came to prominence in Britain in the 1960s following the introduction of certain new types of clonal rootstock. Observations on crown rot outbreaks over the period 1976 to 1984 were as follows: only rootstocks MM.104 and MM.106 were affected; infection occurred in the bark of the rootstock axis below soil level; lesions caused girdling, and sometimes appeared above soil level and spread down the main roots to a limited extent; infection occurred during the growing season but disease development ceased with the onset of winter and did not resume the following year; trees on MM. 104 were susceptible throughout the life of the orchard while trees on MM. 106 were susceptible only during the establishment years; disease outbreaks occurred sporadically. Crown rot was induced experimentally on trees grafted on MM. 104 and on M.25 in field trials by irrigating for four to six weeks through inoculum applied to the base of the trees. No crown rot occurred on grafted MM.106 or on other grafted rootstocks in the same trials, although lesions developed above soil level on a few trees. The limited experimental data indicated that MM.104 was liable to attack throughout the growing season. The importance of environmental influences on the susceptibility of rootstocks to crown rot is discussed. 相似文献
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A comparison was made of the response to storage temperatures (0–17°C) of grapefruit ‘Shamouti’ and ‘Valencia’ oranges, and lemon fruit. There was no chilling injury (CI) and the incidence of rot was relatively low at 12°C or higher for all cultivars. At low storage temperatures, however, pitting and subsequent rot development in grapefruit and in ‘Shamouti’ and ‘Valencia’ oranges were highest at 6°C, while in lemon the incidence of these disorders rose with the decrease in storage temperature, and was highest at 2°C. Grapefruit and ‘Shamouti’ oranges exhibited the highest susceptibility to CI, lemon showed an intermediate susceptibility, and ‘Valencia’ orange a very low one. In grapefruit, severe peel pittings that developed in cold storage were covered by mold rots during cold storage and shelf-life, but in ‘Valencia’ and particularly in ‘Shamouti’ oranges the incidence of decay during cold storage was low. During shelf-life, a pronounced CI-induced increase in the incidence of mold rots was evident. This breakdown during shelf-life may be associated with microscopic peel injuries which are formed during cold storage and covered by mold rots during shelf-life. Increased susceptibility of the cultivar to CI could be correlated with an increase in ethanol content at low temperatures. 相似文献
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