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1.
为探究暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu fasciatus)TGF-β1基因与其生长性状的关联及作用,采用RACE技术克隆了暗纹东方鲀TGF-β1基因,分析了其基因结构与表达特征,并通过直接PCR扩增法对TGF-β1基因进行多片段比对,在此基础上筛选出与生长性状相关的SNP位点。研究发现TGF-β1基因cDNA全长共2 217 bp,包含5′UTR 51 bp, 3′UTR 1 014 bp, ORF 1 152 bp,编码383个氨基酸。氨基酸序列比对分析表明,暗纹东方鲀TGF-β1基因与红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)同源性最高(92.82%)。进化树分析表明,暗纹东方鲀TGF-β1基因编码氨基酸序列与红鳍东方鲀聚为一支,与鲈形目鱼类亲缘关系最近(68.46%～73.33%)。qRT-PCR检测显示,TGF-β1基因在暗纹东方鲀8种不同组织(心脏、肝脏、脑、脾脏、肾脏、肌肉、中肠和鳃)都有表达,其中肾脏表达量最高,心脏和脾脏表达量次之。通过SNP位点不同基因型与个体生长性状的相关性分析,发现TGF-β1上的SNP g. 3908 C>A位点与暗纹东方鲀多项生长性状... 相似文献
2.
脂质对中华花龟不同组织脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将体质量(1828±468)g的4龄雌性成体中华花龟随机分成4组,常温饲养在150cm×50cm×50cm的水池中,每组6只,分别投喂饲料中鱼油为豆油替代0%、33.3%、66.7%和100%的饲料,每周投喂2次。饲养1年后,从每组中随机取6只中华花龟,检测肝脏、肌肉、卵巢中脂肪酸的组成。试验结果表明,饲料中鱼油比例较高(豆油替代0%和33.3%鱼油组)能促进肝脏和肌肉中二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的积累,但豆油替代率对卵巢二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的积累影响不显著。饲料中花生四烯酸在肌肉和卵巢中大量累积,豆油替代33.3%鱼油组肌肉和豆油替代0%鱼油组卵巢中花生四烯酸占总脂肪酸的含量[(5.26±0.94)%、(1.31±0.04%)]最高,肝脏中花生四烯酸积累较少。豆油替代66.7%和100%鱼油组肝脏中亚油酸含量显著高于其他两组(P0.05),豆油替代100%鱼油组卵巢中亚麻酸含量最高(P0.05)。饲料中豆油替代鱼油比例升高促进了中华花龟组织中亚油酸和亚麻酸的积累,抑制了二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸和花生四烯酸等的积累;当豆油替代33.3%鱼油时,中华花龟肝脏、肌肉、卵巢中脂肪酸组成及含量与全鱼油组差异不显著。 相似文献
3.
玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对暗纹东方鲀溶菌酶活性及c型溶菌酶mRNA表达的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
以初重为(41.26±1.09)g的暗纹东方鲀为实验鱼,配制5种玉米蛋白粉使用量为0%、5%、10%、15%、20%的实验饲料,玉米蛋白粉对饲料中鱼粉的替代水平分别为0%、7.4%、14.8%、22.2%和29.6%。用实验饲料饲养暗纹东方鲀60d,研究玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对暗纹东方鲀肝胰脏、头肾和脾脏组织的溶菌酶活性及其c-型溶菌酶mRNA相对表达量的影响。结果表明,(1)暗纹东方鲀肝胰脏、头肾和脾脏的溶菌酶比活力分别为9.14、42.12和40.49U/mgprot,头肾和脾脏组织中c-型溶菌酶mRNA相对表达量分别是肝胰脏的3.76和3.24倍。(2)玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉显著影响暗纹东方鲀溶菌酶比活力。5%和10%组的肝胰脏和头肾组织溶菌酶比活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而15%和20%组肝胰脏和头肾组织溶菌酶比活力则显著低于对照组(P<0.05);5%和10%组的脾脏组织溶菌酶活力与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),而15%和20%组显著低于对照组和5%组(P<0.05)。(3)玉米蛋白粉对暗纹东方鲀c型溶菌酶基因mRNA相对表达量有显著影响(P<0.05)。肝胰脏组织中5%和10%组表达量显著高... 相似文献
4.
本实验旨在研究饲料中豆油替代鱼油对圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)幼鱼生长和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响。用豆油分别替代0、25%、50%和75%的鱼油,配制4组等氮、等脂肪的饲料。选择初始体重为(65.47±1.57)g的圆斑星鲽幼鱼360尾,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,养殖56 d。结果显示,(1)随着豆油替代水平的升高,增重率(WGR)呈现降低的趋势(P0.05),饲料系数(FCR)呈现升高的趋势(P0.05),25%替代组的WGR高于鱼油组(P0.05)。(2)豆油替代鱼油对圆斑星鲽肌肉的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分和水分含量无显著性影响(P0.05),对肝体比(HSI)、脏体比(VSI)和肥满度(CF)无显著性影响(P0.05),豆油替代组肝脏的脂肪含量显著高于鱼油组(P0.05)。(3)随着饲料中豆油水平的增加,圆斑星鲽幼鱼肌肉亚油酸(C18:2n-6)和亚麻酸(C18:3n-3)显著升高(P0.05),而二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)则显著降低(P0.05)。研究结果表明,在该实验条件下,饲料中高比例的豆油替代鱼油会降低鱼体的生长性能和肌肉脂肪酸营养品质。 相似文献
5.
急性铜胁迫对暗纹东方鲀组织铜积累、氧化应激、消化酶、组织病变及脂代谢相关基因表达的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过 96 h 急性毒性实验研究水体铜暴露对暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu fasciatus)生理生化及脂代谢相关基因表达的影响。实验设置对照组、0.1 mg/L 和 0.2 mg/L (96-h LC50) 3 个铜处理组。结果表明,铜在暗纹东方鲀肝、肌肉和全鱼中的积累量随着处理浓度的提高而提高。同等浓度处理下,铜的积累量为肝脏>全鱼>肌肉。随着铜处理浓度的提高,肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量及抗氧化酶活性[谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX),总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)]显著上升。急性铜暴露诱发肝脏血细胞沉积以及血窦扩张的症状。在鳃中,诱发上皮细胞增生,顶部棒状以及产生动脉瘤等症状。急性铜胁迫后,暗纹东方鲀肠道中的淀粉酶活性显著上升,但脂肪酶活性显著下降。在肝脏中,随着处理浓度的提高,淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性显著降低。在 0.1 mg/L 处理组,脂肪合成相关基因(G6PD、6PGD、LPL、Fas 和 Acc)的表达量最高。但在 0.2 mg/L 处理组中,脂肪分解相关基因(HSL 和 CPT 1)的表达最高。急性铜胁迫后对转运因子 PPARα的影响不显著,但转运因子 PPAR γ的表达量显著上升。本实验表明铜对暗纹东方鲀生理生化指标及脂代谢相关基因的表达均产生显著影响,本研究为暗纹东方鲀养殖过程中铜的合理使用提供有益的指导价值,也为生产中更好地监控重金属污染提供一定的技术指标参考。 相似文献
6.
为探究暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscures)抗苗勒氏管激素Ⅱ型受体(anti-Müllerian hormone receptorⅡ,Amhr2)基因的序列和结构信息,初步研究amhr2基因在性腺发育和性别分化过程中的作用,实验通过设计简并引物扩增及RACE技术,克隆出暗纹东方鲀amhr2完整的CDS区,分析其相应的生物信息学特征及其在不同组织和不同发育期的mRNA表达水平。结果表明:amhr2序列cDNA全长为1 868 bp(NCBI登录号:MH218814),编码513个氨基酸,与红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)同源性最高,达99%。氨基酸多重序列比对结果显示,Amhr2氨基酸序列中的近C-末端区域序列较为保守;通过构建系统进化树发现,暗纹东方鲀Amhr2与红鳍东方鲀亲缘关系最近。荧光定量PCR分析显示,暗纹东方鲀amhr2仅在性腺中表达,且卵巢中的表达量明显高于精巢;并且在性腺早期发育过程中,amhr2在精巢和卵巢中的表达量均呈现出先降低再迅速升高的表达趋势。研究结果表明,amhr2在暗纹东方鲀中的表达具有组织特异性,且在性别分化和性别维持等过程中发挥重要的作用。 相似文献
7.
为研究盐度对暗纹东方鲀幼鱼生长和摄食的影响,将暗纹东方鲀幼鱼在盐度分别为0、10、17、26、40的水体中饲养6周,比较不同盐度下幼鱼存活率、特定生长率、摄食率和饲料系数的差异。结果表明:当盐度为40时,暗纹东方鲀幼鱼的死亡率为100 %;各盐度组的特定生长率无显著差异;幼鱼的摄食率随着盐度的增高而下降。在淡水环境中,暗纹东方鲀幼鱼的摄食率最高,达5.02 %;在高盐度水体中最低,为3.75 %。暗纹东方鲀幼鱼的饲料系数随着盐度的升高逐渐升高,淡水组和26盐度组与10、17盐度组有显著差异。 相似文献
8.
比较投饵率水平分别为3%、4%、5%、6%时,对暗纹东方鲀幼鱼生长、饲料效率的影响,以确定暗纹东方鲀幼鱼阶段的适宜投饵率。在23℃下,对规格为3.45～3.56g的暗纹东方鲀幼鱼进行30d的生长实验,结果表明:不同投饵率对暗纹东方鲀幼鱼的特定生长率、质量相对增加率、饲料效率、存活率均有显著影响(p<0.05);暗纹东方鲀幼鱼的适宜投饵率为4%,在投饵率为4℅时,质量相对增加率为116.04±0.04%,饲料效率达83.70±0.02%,特定生长率为111.49±0.03%/d,存活率为84.44±0.02%。 相似文献
9.
性腺型芳香化酶基因是一种调节雌雄激素平衡的基因。为初步探究暗纹东方鲀性腺型芳香化酶基因在性腺发育和性别分化过程中的作用,通过RACE及荧光定量PCR技术,成功克隆出暗纹东方鲀性腺型芳香化酶基因的cDNA全长序列,共1786 bp,编码514个氨基酸,与红鳍东方鲀及星点东方鲀同源性最高。氨基酸序列分析显示,该基因编码的蛋白是一种稳定的亲水性蛋白,但不存在信号肽序列;性腺型芳香化酶含有38个磷酸化位点、4个N-糖基化位点、2个跨膜保守结构域;其氨基酸序列在哺乳动物和鱼类中均十分保守,且含有跨膜区、Ⅰ-螺旋区、Ozol′s肽区、芳香化酶特异性保守区和亚铁血红素结合区等功能保守区。表达分析显示,暗纹东方鲀性腺型芳香化酶基因主要在肌肉和卵巢中表达,其次在其他组织中也有少量表达,而且在幼鱼不同发育期卵巢中的表达量呈现出逐渐升高再降低的表达趋势,在精巢中则基本不表达。研究结果表明,性腺型芳香化酶基因很可能参与了暗纹东方鲀雌鱼性腺分化后卵巢的发育、雌性特征的维持和其他组织的发育等过程。 相似文献
10.
为了解菜粕替代鱼粉后单宁的作用,配制4组等氮等能饲料饲喂初重(39.84±3.09) g的暗纹东方鲀8周。以含43%鱼粉的实用基础饲料T0为对照;另设置3个不同的鱼粉用量组,用酪蛋白平衡蛋白质含量,并添加0.25%(T1)、0.75%(T2)和1.25%(T3)的水解单宁,使酪蛋白:水解单宁≈菜粕中蛋白含量:菜粕中单宁含量=16.8∶1。结果显示,随饲料中水解单宁添加量的增加,增重率呈上升趋势,饲料系数显著下降;肌肉粗脂肪含量T2组显著高于T0及T1组,对照组氨基酸水平显著高于其他组。肝脏抗氧化指标中,T0组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力显著低于其他组,总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)则显著高于其他组,T3组丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于其他组。血清抗氧化指标中,3个单宁组MDA含量均显著高于对照组,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力显著下降。随饲料中水解单宁添加量的增加,血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性先升后降,与肝脏中趋势一致;T1组白蛋白(ALB)含量高于T0及T3组,显著高于T2组,T1组总蛋白(TP)含量高于T0组,显著高于T2及T3组。T1及T2组肠道淀粉酶活性显著高于T0组,胃和肠道中的蛋白酶活性随水解单宁添加量的增加显著上升,胃脂肪酶活性显著下降。T3组苦味受体T2R1表达量在舌尖和肠道均显著高于对照组;肝脏热休克蛋白HSP70表达量T0组显著高于T3;摄食偏好实验中,驯化前暗纹东方鲀摄食偏好随水解单宁添加量的增加显著下降,驯化8周后,4组实验鱼对T2饲料的偏好程度均显著高于T0,T0饲料高于T1和T3组。研究表明,添加1.25%及以下水解单宁对暗纹东方鲀生长无负面影响,一定程度上对饲料有节约作用;添加水解单宁会改变鱼体对蛋白质、脂肪和糖类的消化及蛋白质合成代谢,添加量在1.25%时会损伤抗氧化能力和抗应激能力;用含有水解单宁的饲料驯化暗纹东方鲀可显著提高其对水解单宁添加量为0.75%的饲料的偏好程度,并提高对苦味的接受能力。 相似文献
11.
配制6种不同糖/脂肪比例（CHO∶L分别为4.29、2.79、1.86、1.19、0.73和0.41）的等氮等能饲料,饲养暗纹东方鲀幼鱼[初始体重为(11.2 ± 0.5) g] 60 d,探讨饲料中糖与脂肪比例对其生长、饲料利用、生理生化指标和PEPCK基因表达的影响。试验结果表明：随饲料中CHO∶L降低,暗纹东方鲀特定生长率（SGR）、蛋白质效率（PER）和饲料效率（FE）先升高后降低,且均在CHO∶L为1.86时达最大,显著高于CHO∶L为0.41、0.73和4.29时的值(P<0.05)。血浆甘油三酯和肝脏脂肪含量随CHO∶L降低而显著增加(P<0.05),而血糖和肝糖原含量随CHO∶L降低而显著降低(P<0.05)。随饲料中CHO∶L降低,肝脏脂肪酶和脂肪合成酶活性先增加后降低,分别在CHO∶L为1.19和1.86时活性最高。CHO∶L为1.86-4.29时PK活性显著高于其他饲料组(P<0.05)。CHO：L为0.41和0.73时,AMS活性显著低于其他饲料组(P<0.05),而PEPCK活性和mRNA相对表达量显著高于其他饲料组(P<0.05)。饲料中CHO∶L对暗纹东方鲀存活率和血浆总胆固醇含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。分别用二次多项回归模型拟合SGR、PER、FE和CHO∶L的关系,得到暗纹东方鲀幼鱼饲料中CHO∶L的适宜范围为2.01~2.16,且其对碳水化合物的利用能力要高于脂肪。 相似文献
12.
暗纹东方鲀饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉的营养生理效应及其与大豆抗原蛋白的相关性 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
选择体质量为(39.84±3.09)g暗纹东方鲀,分为8组,分别饲喂等氮等能的高鱼粉组、低鱼粉组、低鱼粉发酵豆粕组、低鱼粉豆粕组4组实用饲料和添加大豆抗原蛋白的半纯化饲料(大豆抗原蛋白含量分别为0%、5%、8%和12.5%),进行为期两个月的生长实验,探讨大豆抗原蛋白对暗纹东方鲀生长和生理生化的影响。结果显示,用发酵豆粕替代部分鱼粉的低鱼粉发酵豆粕组生长性能显著优于低鱼粉组,用豆粕替代部分鱼粉的低鱼粉豆粕组与低鱼粉组无显著差异。半纯化饲料中随着大豆抗原蛋白含量增加,生长率呈现先增后降趋势;实用饲料和半纯化饲料对肌肉组成有不同程度的影响;在肝脏丙二醛、总抗氧化能力和血清丙二醛指标中,低鱼粉豆粕组显著高于低鱼粉组,低鱼粉发酵豆粕组则与低鱼粉组无显著性差异,半纯化饲料系列在8%组出现峰值,显著高于其他组。低鱼粉豆粕组血清谷草转氨酶活性显著高于低鱼粉组,低鱼粉发酵豆粕组与低鱼粉组相比无显著性差异,半纯化饲料组谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶呈现先增后减趋势。研究表明,与豆粕替代鱼粉相比,用发酵豆粕替代鱼粉更能促进鱼体生长;大豆抗原蛋白是影响豆粕替代鱼粉效果的重要因素,但对生长、抗氧化性能和生理生化指标的影响则因大豆抗原蛋白的含量与单独存在与否而异。 相似文献
13.
Kotaro Kikuchi Takeshi Furuta Nakahiro Iwata Kazue Onuki Tamao Noguchi Haruo Sugita 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(5):829-837
Effects of dietary fatty acid composition on the growth of the tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes were examined. Eight experimental diets were formulated with fish meal and casein as the major ingredients, providing 45.0–48.2%
crude protein. Pollack and squid liver oils were used for the control diet while experimental diets contained three levels
of EPA-DHA concentrated (C-HUFA) oils, soybean oil, linseed oil, and combinations of them, providing 0.5–5.5% n-3 HUFA and
5.0–11.1% crude lipid. Triplicate groups of fish with a mean body weight of 18.7 g per dietary treatment were fed the diets
twice daily to apparent satiation, 6 days per week for 8 weeks. The final body weight and weight gain of the fish fed the
soybean oil diet without C-HUFA oils were significantly lower than those fed the control diet. Both parameters were not statistically
different among the other dietary groups, although the values obtained for the linseed oil diet without C-HUFA oils were lower.
Similar trends were seen for SGR and feed efficiency. However, significantly lower PER values compared to the control were
observed for the lower C-HUFA and the vegetable oil without C-HUFA oil groups. These results indicate that tiger puffer can
be produced successfully with diets containing more than 1.5% n-3 HUFA. 相似文献
14.
Xiang-he Liu Chao-xia Ye Ji-dan Ye Bi-duan Shen Chun-yan Wang An-li Wang 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(5):1423-1436
The effect of dietary amylose/amylopectin (AM/AP) ratio on growth, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activities, plasma parameters, and postprandial blood glucose responses was evaluated in juvenile obscure puffer, Takifugu obscurus. Five isonitrogenous (430 g kg?1 crude protein) and isolipidic (90 g kg?1 crude lipid) diets containing an equal starch level (250 g kg?1 starch) with different AM/AP ratio diets of 0/25, 3/22, 6/19, 9/16 and 12/13 were formulated. Each experimental diet was fed to triplicate groups (25 fish per tank), twice daily during a period of 60 days. After the growth trial, a postprandial blood response test was carried out. Fish fed diet 6/19 showed best growth, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio. Hepatosomatic index, plasma total cholesterol concentration, liver glycogen and lipid content, and gluconokinase, pyruvate kinase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities were lower in fish fed highest AM/AP diet (12/13) than in fish fed the low-amylose diets. Activities of liver and intestinal trypsin in fish fed diet 3/22 and diet 6/19 were higher than in fish fed diet 9/16 and diet 12/13. Activities of liver and intestinal amylase and intestinal lipase, and starch digestibility were negatively correlated with dietary AM/AP ratio. Fish fed diet 3/22 and diet 6/19 showed higher plasma total amino acid concentration than fish fed the other diets, while plasma urea nitrogen concentration and activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase showed the opposite trend. Equal values were found for viscerosomatic index and condition factor, whole body and muscle composition, plasma high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, and activities of lipase and hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase in liver. Postprandial plasma glucose and triglyceride peak value of fish fed diet 12/13 were lower than in fish fed the low-amylose diets, and the peak time of plasma glucose was later than in fish fed the other diets. Plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations showed a significant difference at 2 and 4 h after a meal and varied between dietary treatments. According to regression analysis of weight gain against dietary AM/AP ratio, the optimum dietary AM/AP ratio for maximum growth of obscure puffer was 0.25. The present result indicates that dietary AM/AP ratio could affect growth performance and feed utilization, some plasma parameters, digestive enzyme as well as hepatic glucose metabolic enzyme activities in juvenile obscure puffer. 相似文献
15.
Inclusion of the water-soluble fraction of blue mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis as a feed additive was examined with tiger puffer Takifugu rupbripes. The control diet mainly consisted of fish meal, potato starch, and pollack liver oil. Experimental diets were formulated
to replace 30% and 40% of the fish meal protein with defatted soybean meal (SBM), and were supplemented with 0–20% mussel
extracts. Fish of 18 g initial body weight were fed each diet to satiation, twice daily, 6 days per week for 7 weeks at 20°C.
Weight gain and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the diet containing SBM without the extract were significantly lower
than those of the control at the 30% replacement level. Addition of 5% or 10% extract improved the growth and feed utilization
to levels comparable to those of the control. At 40% substitution, statistically identical growth and feed performance to
the control were obtained for diets supplemented with 10% or 20% extract; however, performance for 5% addition was significantly
lower. Thus, the water-soluble fraction of blue mussels would be an effective feeding stimulant in aquaculture feed for tiger
puffer that makes it possible to replace 30–40% of fish meal protein with SBM. 相似文献
16.
《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,262(2-4):183-191
The food chain has been postulated as one pathway for tetrodotoxin (TTX)-producing bacteria to enter into fish. However, the background composition of the bacterial community in puffer fish is unclear. Using 16S rDNA PCR denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technology, we investigated the composition of bacterial communities in the skin, intestines, and TTX-accumulating organs (ovary, liver) of the striped puffer fish Takifugu obscurus. A total of 38 species of different culture-independent bacteria were isolated and classified according to phylogenetic analysis. Of these species, those belonging to the class γ-Proteobacteria dominated the microbial community in the puffer fish, while others belonged to the group of low DNA G + C content, Cytophaga–Flavobacterium–Bacteroides (CFB) group, α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, ε-Proteobacteria and Spirochaetales. Gram positive bacteria of the group of low DNA G + C content were seen as the dominant component in the intestine, while γ-Proteobacteria was the dominant group in the skin or TTX-accumulating organs. The TTX-accumulating organs were found to contain bacteria from all TTX-producing genera reported previously. We also observed large differences in the bacterial assemblages in the intestines of fish fed natural and artificial diets. 相似文献
17.
A 10‐week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the optimum dietary protein requirement of juvenile obscure puffer (Takifugu obscurus). Six isoenergetic (20 MJ kg?1 gross energy) diets were formulated to contain graded levels of 34%, 38%, 42%, 46%, 50% or 54% crude protein (as dry matter basis). The results showed final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) increased significantly with increasing protein levels up to 42% and then decreased thereafer. Second‐order polynomial regression analysis (y = ?0.0024x2 + 0.1788x ? 1.3196, R2 = 0.9032) indicated a maximum SGR at protein level of 37%. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased with increasing levels of dietary protein up to 42% and increased thereafter. Second‐order polynomial regression analysis (y = 0.0054x2 ? 0.4351x + 10.391, R2 = 0.753) indicated a minimum FCR at protein level of 40%. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed the 34%, 38% and 42% diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed the 46%, 50% and 54% diets, and broken‐line analysis indicated PER tended to decrease when dietary protein level was higher than 40%. Generally, whole body lipid content, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerol decreased with increasing levels of dietary protein. Fish fed the 42% protein diet showed the highest essential amino acids (histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine and threonine) and non‐essential amino acids (aspartic acid and glutamic acid) in muscle. Based on the second‐degree polynomial regression analysis of SGR and FCR and broken‐line analysis of PER, the optimal dietary protein level of obscure puffer is estimated to be between 37% and 40% (% as dry matter basis). 相似文献
18.
Vanessa Benítez-Dorta María J. Caballero Marisol Izquierdo Manuel Manchado Carlos Infante María J. Zamorano Daniel Montero 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(2):335-349
To study the substitution of fish oil by vegetable oils in fish diets, juveniles Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) were fed diets (56 % crude protein, 12 % crude lipid) containing either linseed (100LO) or soybean (100SO) oils in comparison with a 100 % fish oil-based diet (100FO) for 90 days. Samples of muscle, liver, and intestine were collected for biochemical analysis and for glucocorticoid receptor-related genes, including GR1 and GR2, and the associated heat shock proteins HSP70, HSP90AA, and HSP90AB. Besides, basal levels of plasma cortisol were also determined. After the feeding period, a stress test, consisting on 5 min of net chasing, was applied to a selected population of each dietary group. Total replacement of fish oil by vegetable oils did not induced changes in fish growth and performance, but affected fatty acid profile of muscle, liver, and intestine, reflecting those tissues the characteristic fatty acids of each type of dietary oil. A tendency to conserve the ARA/EPA ratio could be observed in the different tissues, despite of the level of these fatty acids in diet. Chasing stress induced an increase of muscle GR1 and a reduction in intestinal GR2 relative expressions at any of the experimental diets assayed. In liver, chasing stress induced an increase in both GR1 and GR2 gene expression in fish fed fish oil diets. Similarly, chasing stress induced an increase of muscle HSP70 and decrease of HSP90AB in liver at any of the experimental diet assayed. Besides, vegetable oils decreased the expression of HSP70 in intestine, being the relative expression of liver HSP90AA increased by the inclusion of linseed oil in the diet, at any of the experimental conditions assayed. 相似文献
19.
Bruce B. Manning Menghe H. Li Brian C. Peterson 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(1):337-342
An experiment was conducted in aquaria with channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to determine the efficacy of augmenting fillets with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n − 3 HUFA) by feeding diets amended with products containing high levels of these nutrients. Refined menhaden fish oil at 1.5% of diet supplied the n − 3 HUFA. CLA was used at dietary levels of 0.5% and 1% with a preparation that contained approximately 65% isomers of CLA. Corn oil was added to the basal diet at maximum inclusion level for added lipids of 3% for the control diet and to adjust total added lipid content of the other diets to 3%. Average initial body weight was 57.39 ± 0.25 g/fish. Six experimental diets were fed twice daily to four replicate aquaria for six weeks. At that time, fish were group weighed for determination of weight gain and feed conversion. Fillets of six fish per aquarium were recovered and stored at − 80 °C for moisture and total lipid analyses, fatty acid analysis, and sensory evaluation. Results showed feed consumption and feed conversion did not differ (P > 0.05). Significantly (P < 0.05) greater body weight gains were observed only for fish fed the diets with two combinations of CLA and 1.5% fish oil compared to fish fed the diet containing 0.5% CLA and corn oil. Fillet n − 3 HUFA levels were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated for fish fed diets containing fish oil when compared to n − 3 HUFA of fillets of fish fed diets containing either corn oil or CLA and corn oil. Similarly, fillets from fish fed diets amended with CLA contained substantial amounts of CLA of up to 6.4% of total lipids. Fillets from fish fed corn oil or fish oil diets had no CLA. Taste panel evaluation indicated that fillets containing n − 3 HUFA and CLA were essentially without fishy off-flavor and had excellent sensory qualities. Catfish fillets produced by amending diets with sources of n − 3 HUFA and CLA at the levels used in this study would contain elevated levels of these nutraceuticals and could be an important human food source for these healthful fatty acids. 相似文献
20.
Xin‐Xia Wang Yong‐Jin Li Chong‐Lin Hou Yang Gao Yi‐Zhen Wang 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(2):281-291
A 9‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the impact of dietary lipid sources on the lipid mechanisms of large yellow croaker by feeding three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing fish oil (FO), soybean oil (SO) and beef tallow (BT) respectively. The effects of the diets on the growth performance, somatic indices, tissue fatty acid composition, histological changes and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)γ expression were evaluated. Experimental diets were all well accepted by fish and no significant (P>0.05) differences were found in the weight gain, growth rate and feed conversion rate. The fatty acid profile of the fish fillet and liver reflected the fatty acid composition of the diets. Specific‐fatty acids were selectively retained, however, in the flesh of the fish; in particular, docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid concentrations were higher than the dietary concentrations. When FO was replaced by SO or BT diets, the reduction in eicosapontaenoic acid in fish tissue was more pronounced, suggesting a preferred utilization of this fatty acid. The consumption of SO displayed intense lipid accumulation in the liver of the fish. The expression of PPARγ increased significantly in the SO group compared with the FO and BT groups (P<0.05). 相似文献