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1.
Comparison of 2 enzyme immunoassays and a radioimmunoassay for measurement of progesterone concentrations in bovine plasma, skim milk, and whole milk 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Marcos G. Colazo Divakar J. Ambrose John P. Kastelic Julie A. Small 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2008,72(1):32-36
The objective of this study was to compare 2 enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) as to sensitivity and accuracy in the measurement of the progesterone (P4) concentration in bovine plasma, skim milk, and whole milk. The 72 samples from 24 lactating dairy cows expected to have either a high P4 concentration (cows in diestrus or pregnant) or a low P4 concentration (cows in estrus or anestrus) were analyzed by RIA, solid-phase EIA (SPEIA), which included a solvent extraction step, or direct EIA (DEIA) without solvent extraction. The overall mean concentrations of P4 did not differ (P < 0.4) among the assays. However, for the cows that were in diestrus or pregnant, the mean P4 concentrations (and standard error) were higher (P < 0.03), regardless of sample type, with RIA than with SPEIA, at 7.3 (0.7) and 6.1 (0.6) ng/mL, respectively. When only the high-P4 samples analyzed by RIA were compared, the mean P4 concentration was higher (P < 0.001) in whole milk than in skim milk, at 9.8 (1.0) and 4.1 (0.7) ng/mL, respectively. Although the mean P4 concentrations in the low-P4 samples did not differ (P < 0.80) among assays, the proportions of cows with a P4 concentration > or = 1 ng/mL were 3%, 14%, and 44% for RIA, SPEIA, and DEIA, respectively (P < 0.01; DEIA > SPEIA > RIA). 相似文献
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Serum progesterone determination as an aid for pregnancy diagnosis in goats bred out of season 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Fleming SA Van Camp SD Chapin HM 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1990,31(2):104-107
Nubian does (n = 12) were bred by artificial insemination after induction of estrus with medroxyprogesterone acetate impregnated vaginal sponges and pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin injections during the anestrous season. Pregnancy status was predicted from serum samples collected 21 days following the last breeding and analyzed using 1) a commercial bovine milk progesterone enzyme immunoassay test (EIA), and 2) a radioimmunoassay progesterone (RIA) test. Both tests detected nonpregnancy (EIA 100%, RIA 80%) more accurately than pregnancy (EIA 66%, RIA 75%). Commercial bovine progesterone EIA kits have potential as rapid, inexpensive screening tests for nonpregnant does bred out of season. 相似文献
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Takenouchi N Oshima K Shimada K Takahashi M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(11):1315-1321
The development of a sensitive enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) for the determination of estrone (E1) and estradiol-17beta (E2 beta) in bovine plasma is described. The assay is a homologous double-antibody EIA with E2beta 17hemisuccinate (HS) as hapten for the immunoreactive reagent. The antiserum was raised against E2beta 17HS bovine serum albumin conjugate in the rabbit, and E2beta 17HS-horseradish peroxidase was used as steroid-enzyme conjugate. Each estrogen EIA was distinguished only by using the each working standard and sample for the EIA. Bovine plasma E1 and E2beta were extracted and purified before EIA. The antiserum was used at 1:1,750,000 dilutions for EIA. Estrone and E2beta showed high cross-reactivity with the antiserum (E1: 350.7%, E2beta:100%). The sensitivities were <0.03 pg/well for E1 and <0.12 pg/well for E2beta. Recovery rates of E1 and E2beta added to bovine blood plasma were 94.5% and 93.9%, respectively. The precision for EIA of estrogens was below 9.7%. The profiles of either estrogen as determined by EIA corresponded closely well with follicle dynamics in the cow during the estrous cycles and with placental function in pregnant animals. In conclusion, our new EIA can be applied with sufficient sensitivities, recovery and precision for the routine analysis of E1 and E2beta concentrations in bovine plasma. 相似文献
4.
四川北部的岷山山系是中国野生大熊猫最主要的活动区域。调查表明，四川岷山山系12个县市有森林面积21659．6km^2，其中集体林面积10500km^2；大熊猫栖息地总面积851824．0hm^2，建有22个保护区，共有528888hm^2的大熊猫栖息地和400只野生大熊猫在保护区内得到了有效保护；集体林大熊猫栖息地面积达190064．6hm^2，占大熊猫栖息地的22．31％。集体林权制度改革加大了对大熊猫及其栖息地保护的难度。本文提出了要尽快制定《大熊猫保护法》；协调好跨区域大熊猫栖息地的保护；制定相关政策，采取置换、赎买、移民搬迁等方式，保护大熊猫及其栖息地；要落实相关政策，实施生态补偿；要发动社会力量采取建立保护小区、协议保护等参与大熊猫的保护；林下开发利用要避开大熊猫发情和孕育期，达到既有效保护大熊猫，又使林农生产生活得到可持续发展。 相似文献
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Telemetry studies that track animals through space and time can lead to advances in scientific understanding that are vital in conservation efforts. For example, telemetry studies of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) have shed light on many aspects of panda biology, but small sample sizes in each separate study make it difficult to draw broad conclusions. To overcome this problem we conducted the first synthesis of all 5 panda telemetry studies conducted to date. Using these data we investigated patterns in 6 main topics: home range, space–use interactions, core areas, movement patterns, seasonal migration and natal dispersal. We found that panda home range sizes do not vary between 2 main mountain ranges (Qionglai and Qinling), as was previously believed. Our results also suggest that female pandas increase their movement in the mating season: a behavior typically attributed only to males. We found and summarized telemetry and genetic evidence for female natal dispersal in the giant panda. Our synthesis highlights the need for additional research relating panda behavior to human disturbance factors, and can aid future studies on giant pandas as well as other species. 相似文献
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Horney BS MacKenzie AL Burton SA Olexson DW Mitton KL Coty WA Rinne SG 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1999,28(1):20-28
A homogenous enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for measurement of serum thyroxine (T4) concentration was evaluated for use with canine and feline serum. The EIA method was linear from 0 to 150 nmol T4/L for human serum, 0 to 94 nmol T4/L for feline serum and 10 to 60 nmol T4/L for canine serum. Intra- and interassay precision studies yielded coefficients of variation 相似文献
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The present study was designed to examine the influence of gonadotrophins treatment on the ovarian morphology changes and plasma concentrations of steroid hormones in peripheral blood. The experiment was performed on sexually pubertal gilts (Large White x Landrace) of similar age (7-8 months) and body mass (100-110 kg) with two controlled subsequent estrous cycles. The animals were randomly divided into four groups: two control consisting of pigs with the luteal phase (n = 9, the 10th day of the estrous cycle) and the follicular phase (n = 6, the 20th day of the estrous cycle) and two experimental ones consisting of animals with both mentioned periods (n = 7 and n = 9) treated with gonadotrophins (PMSG and hCG). The gilts in the luteal phase were injected (s.c.) with gonadotrophins at a daily dose of PMSG 400 and hCG 200 IU from the 16th to the 27th day (the 6th day of the next estrous cycle). The gilts in the follicular phase, were injected with the same dose of gonadotrophins but from the 8th to the 19th day of the estrous cycle. Plasma concentrations of P4, A4, T, E1, E2 and metabolite of PGF2 alpha-PGFM were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. Injections of PMSG and hCG in both experimental groups produced several times enlarged: weight, size and volume of ovaries and alterations in a number of structural elements as compared with those found in the control animals. The morphological elements presented in ovaries: corpora haemorrhagica, corpora lutea, regular and atretic follicles and first of all cysts by distinctly differentiation thickness of the walls are characteristic for cystic ovarian degeneration. Plasma concentrations all determined hormones after gonadotrophins treatment in experimental groups were increased except E1 (insignificant decrease) in luteal phase as compared with those found in the control groups. Statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in plasma concentrations of P4, A4, and T in both experimental groups and E2 (p < 0.001) in luteal phase were noted. In peripheral plasma concentrations increase of E1 and E2 in follicular phase of the estrous cycle were insignificant. 相似文献
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选取大熊猫"妙音"发情期及假孕期各6 d,应用瞬间扫描取样法和目标取样法对大熊猫"妙音"的行为进行了研究。大熊猫"妙音"在发情期间的采食行为、活动行为和休息行为均为3种主要行为,且休息行为的时间分配明显要少于正常时期;活动行为明显要多于正常时期,假孕期采食行为和活动行为的时间分配要少于正常时期的采食行为和活动行为,而休息行为则要多于正常时期。发情期和假孕期相比,活动行为和休息行为在时间分配上差异性极其显著。发情期活动行为较多,休息行为较少;假孕期活动行为较少,休息行为较多。通过行为的变化来预判大熊猫是否发情与假孕,进而做下一步的诊断以及修改饲养管理方案,确保大熊猫的健康。 相似文献
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Yuko TOISHI Nobuo TSUNODA Masaaki TAGAMI Hiromitsu HASHIMOTO Fumiki KATO Tsukasa SUZUKI Kentaro NAGAOKA Gen Watanabe Shota TOKUYAMA Kiyoshi OKUDA Kazuyoshi TAYA 《Journal of Equine Science》2013,24(3):47-51
Evaluation of a new chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay, the PATHFAST assay system
(PATHFAST), for measurement of circulating progesterone in mares was performed. Five mares
at the mid-luteal stage were administrated a single i.m. injection of prostaglandin F2α
analog (PGF2α; cloprostenol 250 μg/ml), and then blood samples were collected from the
jugular vein at 0, 15, 30 and 45 min, at one-hour intervals until 24 and at 48 hr via a
catheter in the jugular vein. To monitor the physiological changes in circulating
progesterone in mares after induced luteolysis, concentrations of progesterone in whole
blood and serum samples were measured by PATHFAST. In addition, concentrations of
progesterone in serum samples measured by PATHFAST were compared with those measured by
radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Using PATHFAST, the serum
concentrations of progesterone in mares correlated highly with those of whole blood
samples (r=0.9672, n=88). The serum concentrations of progesterone as measured by PATHFAST
correlated well with RIA (r=0.9654, n=88) and EIA (r=0.9323, n=112). An abrupt decline in
circulating progesterone in whole blood samples was observed within 2 hr (50%), followed
by a gradual decline until 48 hr later. The results for progesterone in whole blood
samples correlated highly with those in serum samples, and the declining pattern
paralleled that of the serum samples. These results demonstrated that PATHFAST is useful
in the equine clinic as an accurate diagnostic tool for rapid assay of progesterone within
26 min, using unextracted whole blood. 相似文献
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C B Greenacre D W Young E N Behrend G H Wilson 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(11):1750-1754
OBJECTIVE: To validate a novel high-sensitivity radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure developed to accurately measure the relatively low serum total thyroxine (T4) concentrations of birds and reptiles and to establish initial reference ranges forT4 concentration in selected species of psittacine birds and snakes. ANIMALS: 56 healthy nonmolting adult psittacine birds representing 6 species and 42 captive snakes representing 4 species. PROCEDURE: A solid-phase RIA designed to measure free T4 concentrations in dialysates of human serum samples was used without dialysis to evaluate total T4 concentration in treated samples obtained from birds and reptiles. Serum T4 binding components were removed to allow assay of undialyzed samples. Assay validation was assessed by determining recovery of expected amounts of T4 in treated samples that were serially diluted or to which T4 was added. Intra- and interassay coefficient of variation (CV) was determined. RESULTS: Mean recovery of T4 added at 4 concentrations ranged from 84.9 to 115.0% and 95.8 to 119.4% in snakes and birds, respectively. Intra- and interassay CV was 3.8 and 11.3%, respectively. Serum total T4 concentrations for 5 species of birds ranged from 2.02 to 768 nmol/L but ranged from 3.17 to 142 nmol/L for blue-fronted Amazon parrots; concentrations ranged from 0.21 to 6.06 nmol/L for the 4 species of snakes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This new RIA method provides a commercially available, accurate, and sensitive method for measurement of the relatively low serum T4 concentrations of birds and snakes. Initial ranges for the species evaluated were established. 相似文献
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采用扫描电镜ｘ射线微区分析方法，对获能前、后大熊猫射出精子和小鼠附睾尾精子头前、后部和尾中段Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｋ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｌ、Ｐ和Ｓ等７种元素的相对含量进行了测量。统计结果表明：（１）大熊猫精子获能前头前部Ｃａ相对含量较头后部高，但小鼠精子头后部较头前部高。获能后２种动物精子头前、后部Ｃａ相对含量无显著差异；（２）小鼠精子头前部Ｃａ相对含量在获能过程中升高，而大熊猫精子头前部Ｃａ相对含量无显著变化；（３）大熊猫和小鼠精子获能过程中头部Ｋ相对含量均显著增加；（４）小鼠精子获能过程中头部和尾中段Ｓ相对含量显著升高，而大熊猫精子无这种变化；（５）大熊猫和小鼠精子相比，Ｃａ、Ｐ相对含量较高，Ｃｌ、Ｓ和Ｋ相对含量较低。本文对这些统计结果进行了讨论。 相似文献
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本文通过潘文石对22只秦岭大熊猫的家域观察资料为基础，获得生态年龄段和家域对数转换值等次生数据，并以次生数据为基础，对不同生态年龄段和不同季节大熊猫的家域和个体季节性迁移面积的动态特征进行定性比较分析，通过季节、性别和年龄对秦岭大熊猫种群家域动态的影响机制进行了探讨，结果发现以下新细节：（1）虽然在同一季节，大熊猫家域面积随着年龄的增长逐渐增加，但雌性个体家域面积增加不大，雄性个体也仅在夏季家域面积增加极大，秋冬季增加也不大；（2）同一生态年龄段，秦岭大熊猫家域面积：全年〉秋冬季〉夏季；（3）只是成体雄性大熊猫家域面积极显著大于雌性，但亚成体和老年个体家域面积的性别间差异不显著；（4）1～11岁，大熊猫迁移面积小且稳定，大于11．5岁后，迁移面积明显跃迂增大，保持增大趋势，但波动强度由强变弱。这表明秦岭大熊猫家域的季节、性别和年龄效应动态规律性明显。 相似文献
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为了了解不同卵泡波类型水牛的生殖激素变化情况与卵泡波之间的关系,试验对已探明卵泡波类型的6头沼泽型水牛采集经同期发情处理后的血样,采用放射免疫测定法(RIA)测定其血清生殖激素浓度,分析比较不同卵泡波类型水牛的生殖激素变化情况。结果发现3个卵泡波青年水牛的促卵泡素(FSH)水平在发情周期第15 d后明显高于表现为2个卵泡波的青年水牛(P<0.05);黄体素(LH)水平则相反,在第15 d前,2波周期的青年水牛其黄体素(LH)水平明显高于3波周期的青年水牛。3波周期的青年水牛,其E2、P4水平要高于2波周期的青年水牛。血清促卵泡素(FSH)、黄体素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P4)水平在表现为不同卵泡波类型的水牛中并不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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采用聚焦动物取样法和扫描取样法记录观察3只秦岭亚成体大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)在秦岭佛坪野化培训基地早期适应过程中的行为,依据拟定的行为类型在观察数据中随机筛选出有效记录并进行相关统计,结果表明:3只大熊猫白天的活动时间远远大于其在圈养环境下的活动时间,行为的多样性明显增大,食物期待、刻板行为大大减少;它们对集体的依赖程度随着时间的推移也越来越小,并且有分开的趋势;3只大熊猫在对环境逐渐熟悉适应之后,休息地点从圈舍周围、栖架向山坡及山坡顶部逐渐转移,各自的休息地点也相对固定。 相似文献
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Nathalie France Mauroo Natalie Louise Rourke Wai Kong Chan 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2006,37(1):59-60
An adult male giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) was presented with a cutaneous mass ventral to the eye. The animal was anesthetized and the mass was surgically excised. Histopathologic examination determined that the mass was a benign cavernous hemangioma, the first reported case in a giant panda. 相似文献
17.
Effects of sample handling on adrenocorticotropin concentration measured in canine plasma, using a commercially available radioimmunoassay kit. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R L Hegstad S D Johnston D M Pasternak 《American journal of veterinary research》1990,51(12):1941-1947
A commercially available radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit for measurement of human adrenocorticotropin (hACTH) was validated for use in dogs. Assay sensitivity was 3 pg/ml. Intra-assay coefficient of variation (x 100; CV) for 3 canine plasma pools was 3.0 (mean +/- SD, 33 +/- 0.99 pg/ml), 4.2 (71 +/- 2.4 pg/ml) and 3.7 (145 +/- 3.7 pg/ml) %. Interassay CV for 2 plasma pools measured in 6 assays was 9.8 (37 +/- 3.6 pg/ml) and 4.4 (76 +/- 3.4 pg/ml) %, respectively. Dilutional parallelism was documented by assaying 2 pools of canine plasma at 3 dilutions and correcting the measured result for dilution. Corrected mean concentrations for the first pool were 33 (+/- 0.99), 36 (+/- 4.3), and 33 (+/- 6.8) pg/ml; corrected mean concentrations for the second pool were 145 (+/- 5.4), 141 (+/- 10.8) and 125 (+/- 3.4) pg/ml. Recovery of 1-39hACTH added to canine plasma (6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0, and 100.0 pg/ml) was linear and quantitative (slope = 0.890, R2 = 0.961). To test whether anticoagulant or the protease inhibitor, aprotinin, influences ACTH concentration in canine plasma, ACTH was measured in canine blood collected in 4 tubes containing anticoagulant: heparin (H), heparin + 500 kallikrein inhibitor units (KIU) of aprotinin/ml (HA), EDTA (E), and EDTA + aprotinin (EA). Plasma ACTH concentration was the same when samples containing H and HA, or HA and E were compared, and was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower in samples containing EA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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The effect of four levels of progesterone on the occurrence and intensity of estrous behavior was determined in ovariectomized cows. Twelve Holsteins were bilaterally ovariectomized at least 2 mo before treatment. Progesterone (P4) was administered im two times/day for 5 d followed 72 h later with 2 mg estradiol (E2) im to induce estrous behavior. Treatments were control = oil, 100 mg P4/d, 300 mg P4/d and 500 mg P4/d. Each animal received all P4 treatments in a 4 X 4 Latin-square design. From d 2 through 6, with d 1 being the first day of P4 treatment, serum P4 concentrations averaged .3, 2.5, 6.1 and 12.3 ng/ml in treatments I to IV, respectively. Progesterone levels at the time of peak E2 (d9) were less than 1 ng/ml for treatments I, II and III and 1.8 ng/ml for treatment IV. Peak E2 levels for all groups averaged 23.9 pg/ml (12 h after E2 injection). Cows were observed continuously for 48 h after E2 injection to quantitate estrous behavior. Behavioral traits measured were: mounts initiated, mounts received, standing when mounted, chin rests initiated and chin rests received. Progesterone treatment caused a decrease in frequency of all five traits measured. As P4 levels increased, there was a linear (P less than .01) decrease in frequency of a behavioral trait. The percentage of the cows that showed each behavioral trait and mean time to first occurrence of each trait were not different after progesterone treatment, with the exception of standing behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献