共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 507 毫秒
1.
本篇论文主要研究了草原龙胆单重瓣花器官的发育特征。取花部发生的第1个和第2个花芽为试材, 直接用于实体解剖观察。结果表明: 1. 单瓣花和重瓣花花芽分化过程均可分形态分化前期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期、雌蕊原基分化期5个时期, 各轮花器官按照向心顺序发育。2. 到雌蕊原基形成为止, 单瓣花花器官各原基的分化过程大约需要12 d, 重瓣花的整个分化过程大约需要15 d。3. 单瓣花和重瓣花都包含5枚萼片、5枚雄蕊和1枚雌蕊, 而单瓣花花瓣是5枚, 重瓣花约是15枚。 相似文献
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玄参科植物蓝猪耳（Torenia fournieri）的萼片、花冠、雄蕊和雌蕊原基都具两侧对称性,且为合萼、合瓣花,雄蕊着生在花冠上,子房两心皮两室。花器官分化顺序为萼片、雄蕊原基、花瓣原基、雌蕊原基。5枚萼片原基发生顺序不一致,其式样为近轴面1原基－远轴面2原基－2侧生原基,萼片原基的发育是同步的;雄蕊原基先于花瓣原基发生,但其发育比花瓣原基缓慢,4枚雄蕊原基几乎同时发生;5枚花瓣原基同时发生,且远轴面的两枚花瓣原基后来有愈合迹象。与同科Agalinis densiflora花发育比较,两种植物花器官原基发生的时间和先后顺序有较大的差异。与同科地黄属（Rehmannia）、苦苣台科（Gesneriaceae）异叶苣苔属（Whytockia）、尖舌苣苔属（Rhynchoglossum）和台闽苣苔属（Titanotrichum）的花器官发生和发育比较,发现玄参科和苦苣苔科的花器官发生和发育关系比较复杂,5属并不能笼统划分为两种不同的式样,认为以子房室数和胎座类型划分玄参科和苦苣苔科的可靠性仍需进一步探讨。 相似文献
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早实核桃花器官发育的解剖学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过形态解剖方法,观察早实核桃品种‘香玲’第1次开花的雌花芽和雄花芽发育特点,结果发现：在山东泰安地区,早实核桃‘香玲’雌花芽的分化从5月上旬—中旬进入形态分化临界期后,历经雌花花序分化期、花柄原基和雌花原基分化期、花被原基分化期、苞片原基分化期、花萼原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雌蕊原基分化期和胚珠分化期;个别雌花原基还能分化出花瓣原基和雄蕊原基,雌花花瓣原基和雄蕊原基在随后的发育过程中退化。在晚实核桃品种‘青林’雌花发育过程中没有发现花瓣原基和雄蕊原基的分化。‘香玲’核桃雄花芽的分化从4月上—中旬次第进入雄花序分化期、雄花原基分化期、花萼原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期、花药分化期、花粉囊和花粉粒形成期。 相似文献
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以20a树龄同一梨园中1株能稳定遗传的花器官变异鸭梨和普通鸭梨为试材,采用形态观测法进行了花芽发育、花粉萌发率、表观形态等方面的研究分析。结果表明:该突变株的花发育与普通植株花的正常发育最明显的差别在于花器官花瓣完全或部分缺失、雄蕊相应增多;花瓣对应位置的雄蕊花丝粗、花药大;花粉萌发率高;部分特化的花瓣上着生有花药。根据试验结果,推断该突变株可能是梨的花同源异型突变株,控制花器官发育的B功能区发生了突变引起花器官异常。该突变株为进一步认识植物花发育的内在调控机制、研究花的发育机理提供了可能。 相似文献
5.
利用扫描电镜技术对金银忍冬〔Lonicera maack ii (Rupr. ) Maxim〕的花器官发生与发育过程进行了研究。研究发现, 3月中旬侧生营养茎端由1个突起转化为两个突起, 随后两个营养茎端同时转化为两个并生的生殖茎端, 即花原基。花器官为轮状结构, 向心发生。萼片、花冠和雄蕊的发生式样均为五基数类型, 它们各来源于花原基上分化出来的花萼原基, 花冠原基和雄蕊原基。心皮1枚, 发育为柱头、花柱和子房。金银忍冬花芽发生与发育的速度快, 花芽分化期需大量营养。花器官发生过程中, 两并生花的发生发育进程具同步性。 相似文献
6.
菜心生长发育及产品器官形成的研究——花芽形态建成 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
作者对我国特产蔬菜“菜心”(Brassica parachinensis Bailey)三个品种的花芽形态发育进行解剖学研究。菜心花芽的形态发育过程,可划分为八期:0级——花原基未分化期;1级——花原基将分化期;2级——花原基分化始期;3级——花原基增大、伸长期;4级——萼片形成期;5级——雌、雄蕊形成期;6级——花瓣形成期;7级——胚珠和花药形成期。当幼苗展出第2～3片真叶时,茎端生长锥开始分化花原基。展出第5～6片真叶时,第一花原基发育成一完整花蕾体。 菜心单花器官分化的顺序是萼片、雌蕊、雄蕊、最后是花瓣。 菜心早、中、迟三个品种花芽的形态发育过程相同,且都在第2～3真叶幼苗开始,但发育过程顺次延迟,可以从幼苗生长状态,了解其内部发育程度,早期找到相应趋势的指标,为控制菜心生长发育提供依据。 相似文献
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8.
蝴蝶兰‘V31’花芽分化的形态观察及几种代谢产物含量的变化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以蝴蝶兰‘V31’为材料,观察了花芽分化过程,比较了成花诱导和花芽分化过程中叶片内C/N、核酸及相关代谢物质含量的变化。结果表明：蝴蝶兰花芽分化过程可分为6个阶段,即分化初始期、花序原基分化期、小花原基分化期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期和合蕊柱及花粉块分化期。叶片中可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白质含量均在低温处理35 d达最大值;C/N值的2次高峰先后出现于处理15 d和30 d,进入花器官分化期,可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白质含量及C/N值均呈下降趋势。RNA和总核酸含量的变化趋势一致,处理15 d后持续增加,45 d后随着合蕊柱和花粉块的大量分化而迅速下降;RNA/DNA值在处理前30 d基本稳定,花芽萌出后急剧增长,而DNA含量的变化相对平缓。认为高水平的C/N有利于蝴蝶兰花芽的分化,RNA/DNA值（主要是RNA合成量）的急剧增长与植株由生理分化转向花芽形态分化有关。 相似文献
9.
黄金树花器官发生及发育的形态解剖学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用普通光学显微镜和扫描电镜技术对黄金树花器官的发生及发育过程进行了观察。结果显示：（1）黄金树花器官的形态发生及发育过程集中于3月下旬～5月上旬进行，速度较快，历时较短。（2）花原基分化形成花的整个过程符合一般的分化顺序：花萼原基－花冠原基－雄蕊原基－雌蕊原基，且各原基在分化顺序上存在交叉。（3）花药及胚珠的发育与花器官的形态发生之间有明显的连续性，当花蕾直径为3.0 mm左右时花粉母细胞及完整的花粉囊壁形成，直径达到3.5 mm左右时胚珠中出现孢原细胞的分化，它直接起大孢子母细胞的功能。 相似文献
10.
西瓜植株性器官分化的时期和过程与品种、环境条件密切相关。花芽形成的节位与苗龄有关。花芽发育按以下顺序进行:钝形突出物——花萼——花瓣——雄蕊——雌蕊。其具体过程可分为5个阶段,即花原基形成阶段、花萼与花瓣分化阶段。雄蕊形成阶段、性型分化阶段、花成熟阶段。影响西瓜花芽分化的环境因素主要有温度、光照、湿度及某些激素物质。 相似文献
11.
The involvement of carbohydrates, water potential, cell wall components and cell wall-based enzymes in regulating flower development in Dendrobium crumenatum was investigated. Plants were subjected to cold treatment to release floral buds from dormancy, and the various parameters were investigated from young floral bud stage till flower senescence. Development of floral buds was accompanied by progressive decrease in concentrations of fructans and starch. Upon full flower opening, concentration of soluble sugars was maximum, accompanied by a more negative water potential. High pectin methylesterase activity was observed during early bud development and decreased thereafter. Significant increase in activities of β-galactosidase, β-mannosidase and β-xylosidase was also observed during floral bud development. The cell walls of sepals and petals were modified extensively during floral bud and flower development, as observed by changes in the amounts of celluloses, hemicelluloses and total pectin. Pectin solubilisation was also observed to commence during early floral bud development. These results indicated that carbohydrate hydrolysis, osmotic changes and cell wall dissolution that began early in young floral buds, all regulated flower development in this sympodial orchid. Possible applications of the findings in the horticultural industry are discussed. 相似文献
12.
S. K. Kang C. S. Jang H. Y. Kim S. H. Yun H. J. An J. H. Park 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):742-747
SummaryCalamondin (× Citrofortunella mitis J. Ingram & H. E. Moore) is known for its ability to develop floral organs to flower in the adult phase during the four seasons. To provide information on molecular events during floral differentiation from axillary buds, we constructed a cDNA library from floral differentiating axillary buds of adult phase calamondin. Ninety-six cDNA clones were randomly selected from this library and sequenced. Ninety-six nonredundant ESTs were identified. Two clones encoded S-adenosylmethione decarboxylase, a key enzymes in polyamine biosynthesis. CmSAMDC 1 (Citrofortunella mitis s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1) contained an 1083 bp ORF that encoded a putative SAMDC precursor of 361 amino acids. Northern blot analysis revealed that CmSAMDC 1 was expressed in axillary buds prior to floral differentiation and in axillary buds immediately after floral differentiation, in immature flower (5 mm), in fully developed flowers (120 mm long), in floral parts (petals, pistils, and stamens) of trees in the adult phase of development, but not in leaves or axillary buds of juvenile phase nucellar seedlings or leaf tissue from trees in adult phase of development. In situ hybridization revealed expression of the CmSAMDC 1 gene in the floral apex of axillary buds after differentiation, and in the phloem of axillary buds and petioles. These results suggest that SAMDC could play a role in actively differentiating and developing reproductive and vegetative organs. 相似文献
13.
以紫皮洋葱常规品种‘RUPI’为试材,通过RACE方法克隆了AP3/DEF同源基因AcDEF,并用半定量RT-PCR和实时荧光定量PCR研究AcDEF在洋葱各类器官中的表达模式。GenBank登录号为JX661502的AcDEF基因长1 014 bp,开放阅读框长度为675 bp,编码224个氨基酸。系统发育分析表明,AcDEF基因属于单子叶B功能基因家族的AP3/DEF亚家族。表达模式分析显示,AcDEF在花器官中特异表达,其中在花瓣、雄蕊内高丰度表达,在花葶和膜状总苞中微量表达,在心皮中表达水平极低,在无性营养器官如根、假茎、叶片和鳞茎中无表达。在开花过程中,各花器官中AcDEF转录物的积累呈动态变化;在花瓣和雄蕊发育过程中AcDEF均高丰度表达,但在完全开放花的花瓣和雄蕊中表达量略有降低;在花葶、膜状总苞和心皮中表达量递减,在完全开放花的膜状总苞和心皮中AcDEFAcDEF基因的序列结构和表达模式具有单子叶物种AP3/DEF基因的特征,属于paleoAP3进化系。的表达量很低。 相似文献
14.
Initiation and development of pistillate flowers in Actinidia chinensis Planch, cultivar ‘Hayward’ (kiwifruit, Chinese gooseberry) was followed using light and scanning electron microscopy. Results indicate that dormant buds contain undifferentiated primordia in the leaf axils. These primordia remain undifferentiated until shortly before bud break, approximately two months before full bloom, when the primordia become trilobed as bracts and lateral flower primordia are initiated. The lateral flowers often abort in this cultivar. Acropetal development of the terminal flower proceeds rapidly. Five to seven sepals are initiated, followed by a whorl of five to seven petals. Stamen initiation is centripetal and the anthers develop to produce inviable pollen. The central portion of the floral apex is converted into a large compound pistil with numerous hollow styles, each terminated by an open stigma. 相似文献
15.
The effect of temperature and day-length on growth and flowering of the Scandinavian Brilliant-type stock (Mattkiola incana R. Br.) has been studied. Flower differentiation and development were examined.Flower initiation was favoured by low temperature and long days, but a temperature as high as 20° C. (68 °F.) did not prevent flowering even under short-day (9 hours) conditions. A close interaction between temperature and day-length was observed.High temperature was favourable for further development of the flowers, but abnormal flowers were developed if the plants were removed to high temperature before the first flower primordium was visible under the microscope.Flower initiation was associated with accelerated stem elongation. Therefore, optimal temperature conditions for stem elongation changed with the developmental stages of the plants.The plants responded to a low-temperature treatment as early as 12 days after germination, at which stage they had only two small leaves in addition'to the cotyledons. The Brilliant stocks have evidently a much shorter juvenile phase than that previously described for the Column type. This might be the main reason why the Brilliant stocks flower very early.In single-flowered plants the differentiation of floral organs took place in the following sequence: sepals, stamens, carpels, petals. In this respect the stock showed a similar behaviour to that previously described for certain other cruciferous genera.The results of the experiments are discussed in the light of previous studies concerning low-temperature effects, vernalization and related phenomena, on flowering. It is concluded that no true vernalization process is involved. The facts that the initiation took place immediately after exposure to low temperature, and that removal to high temperature caused abnormal flower development unless differentiation had reached a certain stage, form the main basis for this conclusion. 相似文献
16.
不完全甜柿‘禅寺丸’花性别分化形态学关键时期的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以雌雄同株的‘禅寺丸’柿为材料,利用扫描电镜和石蜡切片法观察雌花和雄花芽发育进程,探究柿花性别分化的形态学关键时期。结果表明,‘禅寺丸’雌、雄花芽发育进程基本同步,均从6月持续到次年5月,可划分为11个阶段;花性别分化有两个形态学关键时期:一是6月中旬(阶段2)萼片原基发生期,此时雌花单生、雄花3朵合生的特点开始显现;二是次年4月中旬(阶段8)大小孢子发生期,此时雌花的雄蕊原基分化出花丝后停止发育,雄花的雌蕊原基在花柱和柱头结构产生后开始败育,从而产生单性花。 相似文献
17.
以蝴蝶兰‘大辣椒’为试验材料，对花芽分化进程及期间光合特性和碳水化合物、可溶性蛋白及激素含量的变化进行研究。结果表明：花芽长度为0、2、4、8、16和24 cm时，分别处于花芽分化初始期、花序原基分化期、花原基分化期、萼片原基分化期和花瓣原基分化期（16和24 cm）。蝴蝶兰叶片的净CO2吸收速率在花芽发育前期（0 ~ 4 cm）没有显著变化，花芽8 cm时显著降低。花芽中的碳水化合物和可溶性蛋白的含量显著高于叶片，碳水化合物在花芽长度为4 cm时达到稳定水平，可溶性蛋白含量在花芽8 cm时达到叶片与花芽的平衡；赤霉素（GA）的含量在花芽2 cm时达到最大值，生长素（IAA）含量在花芽4 cm时显著升高，玉米素（ZT）含量在花芽8 cm时显著降低，而ABA含量在花芽发育的过程中并没有显著变化。由此可知，当蝴蝶兰花芽开始分化萼片原基（8 cm）时，光合生理及生化物质基本达到一个相对稳定的水平，此阶段的蝴蝶兰花芽已彻底完成成花分化。 相似文献