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《果树学报》2016,(5)
【目的】比较硬籽和软籽2个石榴品种‘豫大籽’和‘突尼斯’的种子大小、种子硬度及种子结构等,了解影响种子硬度的主要因素。【方法】以花后20、40、60和120 d的‘豫大籽’‘突尼斯’种子为研究对象,测量花后120 d 2个品种的种子大小、种子硬度及木质素含量,并采用解剖镜对花后20、40、60 d的种子结构进行观察。【结果】花后20 d,‘突尼斯’和‘豫大籽’2个品种的种皮、胚均未发育;花后40 d,种皮开始形成,胚未发育;花后60 d,种皮与胚均已形成;花后120 d,种子的大小、硬度、木质素含量均为‘豫大籽’‘突尼斯’,且木质素含量与种皮硬度呈正相关,相关系数为0.946(P0.01)。【结论】石榴2片子叶相互缠绕,先形成种皮、后形成胚,种子硬度与木质素含量呈正相关关系。 相似文献
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6个石榴品种抗寒性评价及方法筛选 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】综合评价6个石榴品种的抗寒性,为石榴抗寒种质的筛选提供可靠的鉴定方法。【方法】取6个石榴品种(‘三白’‘陕大籽’‘蒙自甜绿籽’‘青皮软籽’‘突尼斯软籽’‘以色列2号’)休眠期的1 a(年)生枝条,测定枝条含水量,之后对枝条进行-4、-8、-12、-16、-20℃低温处理,测定相对电导率(REC)、半致死温度(LT50)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、可溶性糖含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量等生理指标的变化。根据指标的变化综合评价6个品种的抗寒性。【结果】束缚水/自由水比值最大的为‘三白’,最小的为‘突尼斯软籽’;6个品种的REC、Pro含量、可溶性糖含量、SOD活性、MDA含量随低温胁迫的加剧不断增大,但温度超过调节范围就会下降。用隶属函数法对6个石榴品种的抗寒性进行综合评价,抗寒性为‘三白’>‘陕大籽’>‘蒙自甜绿籽’>‘青皮软籽’>‘突尼斯软籽’>‘以色列2号’,这一结果与LT50得出的顺序一致。【结论】用LT50评价石榴抗寒性是一种可行及可靠的方法。 相似文献
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以不同皮色、风味的石榴为试验材料,对其果实品质和质地品质进行测定分析,以期为石榴优良品种资源的开发利用提供参考依据。结果表明:石榴品种‘大青皮甜’单果质量最大,达509.56g,为特大果型石榴品种;‘大红皮甜’‘青皮酸’为大果型石榴品种,而‘红皮酸’为中果型石榴品种;不同石榴品种籽粒大小差异不显著,变化范围在30.03~33.27g,为中等大小籽粒;出汁率以‘青皮酸’最高,达81.19%;可溶性固形物含量均达到石榴优良品种的标准。果皮颜色和果实风味与石榴品种酸组分含量有密切关系,同皮色石榴品种还原型抗坏血酸含量甜石榴品种显著高于酸石榴品种,而柠檬酸含量酸石榴显著高于甜石榴,苹果酸含量在青皮石榴中的含量较高;酸石榴品种籽粒硬度高于甜石榴品种,甜石榴陡升值小于酸石榴,即甜石榴品种口感优于酸石榴。种子硬度以‘青皮酸’最高,为5 538.93g,其次是‘红皮酸’为4 768.97g,再次是‘大红皮甜’为2 961.44g,‘大青皮甜’最低为2 402.88g;‘大青皮甜’石榴口感最佳。 相似文献
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‘豫农早艳’石榴是由‘突尼斯软籽’石榴芽变选育出的早中熟软籽石榴新品种。果实近球形,果形指数0.84;平均单果质量300 g,最大单果质量680 g;果皮底色黄绿,着玫红色晕,着色面积超过70%;萼筒较短,萼片开张或半开张;籽粒粉红色。‘豫农早艳’石榴百粒重37.0 g;出籽率62.3%以上,出汁率84.6%;可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)17.1%,pH 3.4,维生素C含量12.6 mg·100 g^-1。风味酸甜可口,籽粒易剥离;籽粒硬度3.26 kg·cm~(-2),核软可食。果实生育期120 d左右,在郑州荥阳(东经113.35,北纬34.79)9月中下旬成熟,比‘突尼斯软籽’石榴早熟约10 d。该品种植株长势中庸,树姿半开张;耐旱、耐瘠薄,较抗冻,适应性较强。货架期20 d左右,5℃冷库贮藏60 d左右。适合黄河以南石榴适生区栽培,第2年开花结果,丰产,稳产。 相似文献
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软籽石榴新品种选育初报 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1996～2007年,对枣庄市著名的郭村软籽石榴资源进行优选和配套栽培技术研究。通过优株选择、多代高接、引种试栽、辐射育种、脱毒快繁等多项研究,从郭村软籽石榴和岗榴资源中选出的2个软籽石榴优良无性系——‘枣选1号'和‘枣选3号',2007年9月通过山东省科技厅组织的鉴定,2007年12月通过山东省林木品种审定委员会审定。其果个、外观等经济指标均较原品种有较大改观,‘枣选1号',成年树平均株产30kg。果实圆球形,表面光滑,果皮70%着红色,向阳面呈鲜红色,间有浓红断续条纹,萼筒较长,萼片6裂反卷。单果重386g,最大果重468g,平均百粒重57.3g,出汁率92.5%。籽粒大而整齐,长形,青白色,放射线明显,籽粒透明,种子硬度3.74kg,仁软可食,含可溶性固形物15.8%,品质极上。5月上旬进入始花期,6月上旬进入盛花期。果实9月下旬成熟。‘枣选3号',成年树平均株产35kg。大型果,果实圆球形,果肩齐,表面光亮,果皮全面着鲜红色,向阳面呈艳红色,萼筒较短,开张。单果重424g,最大果重662g,平均百粒重51.9g,出汁率91.6%。籽粒略带红色,透明,种子硬度4.77kg,仁软可食,含可溶性固形物15.8%,品质极上。5月上旬进入始花期,6月上旬进入盛花期。果实9月底成熟。经多年多点试栽证明,‘枣选1号'和‘枣选3号'可以在鲁南及相似生态区推广。同时,使用杭州托普仪器有限公司提供的GW-1型谷物硬度计测量国内部分石榴品种的种子硬度,其数值区间为1.27～12.64kg,硬度最小的是‘突尼斯软籽',硬度为1.27kg,硬度最大的是‘冰糖籽'石榴12号样本,硬度为12.64kg,两者相差11.37kg。根据近年来笔者对软籽石榴种子的感官判别标准和生产实际需要,将石榴按照种子硬度划分为软籽石榴、半软籽石榴、普通石榴和硬籽石榴4个等级,每个等级级差为3kg。即一级为软籽石榴,籽粒硬度在0～4.5kg;二级为半软籽石榴,籽粒硬度在4.6～7.5kg;三级为普通石榴,籽粒硬度在7.6～10.5kg;四级为硬籽石榴,籽粒硬度在10.6kg以上。 相似文献
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花粉直感对‘突尼斯’石榴坐果及果实品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《果树学报》2016,(2)
【目的】弄清不同授粉品种对‘突尼斯’石榴坐果率及果实品质的影响。【方法】以‘突尼斯’‘中农红’‘冬艳’‘豫大籽’‘三白’‘陕大籽’和‘黑籽甜’为父本,‘突尼斯’石榴为母本进行人工授粉,观察花粉直感对‘突尼斯’石榴坐果及果实品质的影响。【结果】以‘突尼斯’为母本的自交和杂交果实均为软籽石榴。除‘冬艳’外,其他授粉品种的花粉对‘突尼斯‘授粉后,‘突尼斯’果实的坐果率及果实品质均有提高,存在明显的花粉直感。【结论】‘突尼斯’ב豫大籽’、‘突尼斯’ב三白’坐果率较高;‘突尼斯’ב黑籽甜’、‘突尼斯’ב陕大籽’果实品质较好,为‘突尼斯’石榴生产上合理配置授粉树、提高果实品质提供依据。 相似文献
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《果树学报》2021,(10)
酸美是以国外引进品种以色列软籽酸为母本、软籽石榴主栽品种突尼斯软籽为父本,通过人工杂交选育而成的加工鲜食兼用超软籽新品种。果形指数1.1,近圆形,平均单果质量505 g,特大果型,纵径97.36 mm,横径85.86 mm;果皮光洁明亮,果面黄绿色底向阳面红色,果皮厚度3.56 mm;籽粒红色,汁多味酸甜,百粒质量38.8 g,核仁超软(硬度1.4 kg·cm-2);可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)15.9%,可溶性糖含量11.9%,抗坏血酸含量8.89 mg·100 g-1,总酸含量(以柠檬酸计)18 g·kg-1,氨基酸总含量8.40 g·kg-1。河南郑州9月下旬成熟,极易成花结果,丰产性较强。该品种树势强健,树姿开张,树冠半圆形,枝条半直立。 相似文献
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Ali Gharaghani Ali Akbar Ghasemi Soloklui Nnadozie Oraguzie Dariush Zare 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2017,17(3):333-348
A study was conducted to determine the effect of pollen source on fruit, aril, and seed characteristics in pomegranate. The cultivar Malas Yazdi was pollinated with three pollen sources including: Rabab Neyriz (a commercial cultivar), Malas Pishva Varamin (selected superior local cultivar), and Poost Sefid Dezful (non-commercial cultivar). The results showed that the rate of fruit set from different pollen sources varied from 13% to 46%. Pollen source also had significant effects on other fruit properties, such as fruit weight, fruit shape, fruit length and diameter, fruit peel color, fruit peel thickness, and edible portion of the fruit. Aril characteristics including number of arils per fruit, aril length and diameter, aril weight, and aril color were also significantly affected by pollen source as well as seed physical properties, including seed weight, seed length and diameter, seed hardness, and seed toughness. However ‘Malas Pishva Varamin’ as a pollinizer showed the lowest rate of fruit set, but performed better in terms of fruit quality and seed characteristic than ‘Rabab Neyriz’ and ‘Poost Sefid Dezful’. This is the first observation of xenia effect in pomegranate breeding and could serve as a new area of research for pomegranate production. These findings suggest that selection of suitable pollinizer could be a new area of research for pomegranate production. 相似文献
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Temperature (high and low) is one of the most limiting environmental factors for growth and production of fruits in different parts of the world. For temperate-zone fruit species, a certain total heat requirements are needed in order to obtain ripe fruits. The aim of this study was to determine heat requirements of three commercial pomegranate cultivars (‘Suruc’, ‘Katirbasi’ and ‘Hicaznar’) grown in Southern Anatolia region. The cultivars showed a narrower range of heat requirements for flowering (growing degree hours, GDH), i.e. ‘Suruc’ (25,000), ‘Katirbasi’ (25,270), ‘Hicaznar’ (28,000) and a wide range of heat requirements for fruit ripening, i.e. ‘Suruc’ (73,670), ‘Katirbasi’ (74,105) and ‘Hicaznar’ (88,052) GDH. Under the Sanliurfa province conditions, two years average of effective heat summation requirement from bud swelling to 50 % flowering stage for ‘Suruc’, ‘Katirbasi’ and ‘Hicaznar’ cultivars are calculated as 643, 655 and 718 growing degree days (GDD) and from bud swelling to harvest are 2734, 2802 and 3289 GDD. It can be concluded that the effective heat summation of Sanliurfa province is enough for commercial growing for all pomegranate cultivars. 相似文献
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《Scientia Horticulturae》2006,109(3):207-211
Two field experiments with green bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Alcade, Carlo, Cleo and Mutin) were carried out. In Experiment 1, different plant populations of the Alcade cultivar were used, whereas in Experiment 2, there were different sowing dates with the Carlo, Cleo and Mutin cultivars. Several harvest dates were considered in both experiments. Yield and quality variables of pods that can be used to evaluate quality and maturity were determined (alcohol-insoluble solids, dry matter content, seed: pod ratio, fibre content, length of 10 seeds, Kramer shear press, colour, lipid content and mineral composition). The alcohol-insoluble solids content, dry matter content, seeds: pod ratio, fibre content, and shear press were linearly correlated. Alcohol-insoluble solids content was related with thermal time by exponential equations provided thermal time was calculated from the beginning of flowering and the effect of high temperature on the rate of development was taken into account. The alcohol-insoluble solids content was correlated to the length of 10 seeds by exponential equations, with different parameters for different cultivars. The optimum harvest date, which corresponds to 10% dry matter content and 6.6% of alcohol-insoluble solids, could be set at thermal times after first flowering of 356, 384, 429 and 417 °C d for ‘Alcade’, ‘Carlo’, ‘Cleo’ and ‘Mutin’, respectively.The aim of this study was to fit empirical models to simulate the course of pod quality variables of green beans. 相似文献
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为了提高辣椒种子品种鉴别效率,实现辣椒种子品种快速无损鉴别,研究了一种基于荧光光谱的辣椒种子品种快速无损识别方法。选择同一系列相似辣椒种子的杂交品种卓椒3号、卓椒4号和卓椒5号为研究对象,分别采集辣椒种子的荧光光谱56份,对原始光谱进行Savitzky-Golay(SG)卷积平滑和一阶导数(first derivative,FD)预处理;采用主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)方法提取主成分,实现数据降维;采用Fisher判别分析方法建立辣椒种子品种识别模型。结果显示:采用荧光光谱建立判别模型时,卓椒3号辣椒种子的品种识别正确率达到92.9%,卓椒4号、卓椒5号辣椒种子的品种识别正确率均达到100.0%,整体识别正确率达到97.6%;采用荧光光谱的一阶导数光谱建立判别模型时,卓椒3号、卓椒4号、卓椒5号辣椒种子的品种识别正确率均达到100.0%,整体识别正确率达到100.0%。研究结果表明,种子叶绿素荧光光谱结合化学计量学方法能够有效识别辣椒种子品种。 相似文献
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B. M. Muralidhara Y. T. N. Reddy V. Srilatha H. J. Akshitha 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2016,16(1):1-9
A field experiment was carried out at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru during 2011–12 to study the effect of seed coat removal on seed germination and vigor of polyembryonic mango seedlings. In seed coat removal, the cultivar Muvandan recorded the maximum germination percent (85.4%), extent of polyembryony (2.76), and maximum number of leaves (10.3), whereas Bappakkai recorded maximum plant height (22.4 cm), stem girth (0.64 cm), leaf area (249.2 cm2), fresh weight (18.5 g) and dry weight (8.4 g), vigor index-I (1831.5 cm), and vigor index-II (685.7 g). With respect to treatments, seed coat removal was superior in all of the parameters, namely, initiation of germination (16.7 days), germination percent (78.3%), extent of polyembryony (2.50), plant height (19.5 cm), stem girth (0.62 cm), number of leaves per plant (8.7), leaf area (288.3 cm2), fresh weight (16.2 g) and dry weight (7.3 g), vigor index-I (1559.0 cm), and vigor index-II (581.8 g) compared to seed coat intact. There were no significant differences among the interactions of different treatments and cultivars. 相似文献