共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
鱼粉是以经济价值较低或质量较差的鱼类以及在生产水产食品过程中的鱼头、骨刺、鳍、内脏等下脚料为原料加工而成的粉状饲料和高级有机肥料。目前国内生产鱼粉的方法主要有三种:一是土法生产,即将原料晒干粉碎成粉状,因其含盐量较高,俗称咸鱼粉;二是干法生产,即将原料经蒸干机蒸煮烘干粉碎而成,这种鱼粉脂肪含量高,俗称不脱脂鱼粉;三是湿法生产,即将原料经蒸煮、压榨、分离、干燥、粉碎、筛选等工序,把固形物加工成鱼粉,将大多数油脂脱脂分离制成鱼油,这种鱼粉俗称脱脂鱼粉。 土法生产之咸鱼粉和干法生产的不脱脂鱼粉因存在质量低劣、存放期短等问题已趋淘汰,故本文就国产和引进的两种湿法鱼粉生产设备和工艺进行对比。 相似文献
2.
以南海优势鱼种灯笼鱼(Myctophum)为原料,对生产优质鱼粉的关键工艺脱腥、蒸煮温度、蒸煮时间、蒸煮p H、干燥温度进行了研究,并测定了产品品质指标。结果表明,灯笼鱼生产优质鱼粉的最佳工艺参数为脱腥液脱腥60 min,蒸煮温度95℃,蒸煮时间10 min,蒸煮p H 6.0,干燥温度80℃。在此条件下得到的灯笼鱼鱼粉中各组分的质量分数为粗蛋白61.92%,粗脂肪9.07%,水分9.32%,盐分2.59%,粗灰分17.45%,鱼粉的胃蛋白酶消化率为86.82%。 相似文献
3.
4.
本文通过对随机抽取的几种国产与进口鱼粉的几种重要品质指标进行比较，研究了牙鲆对几种单一饲料的蛋白质和干物质的消化率。结果表明：采用粪分析法测定牙鲆对饲料蛋白质和干物质的消化率的方法是行之有效。据检测结果：从常规成分检测的均值上看，国产鱼粉粗蛋白含量偏低，水分、灰分、粗脂肪偏高。国产鱼粉抽样中蛋白质和干物质的平均消化率分别为79．61％和73．39％，而进口鱼粉为87．4％和81％，都比国产鱼粉高。根据试验结果，分析了国产鱼粉与进口鱼粉的优劣，提出了国产鱼粉加工工艺改进的方向，对提高国产鱼粉质量，生产优质国产鱼粉具有指导意义。 相似文献
5.
虾粉是南极磷虾最主要的加工产品之一,加工过程中,热处理会造成营养物质的流失和活性物质的破坏,是决定虾粉品质最主要的影响因素。为了掌握虾粉加工过程中主要物质的变化情况及流向路径,通过测定蒸煮、干燥两个涉及到热处理的关键工序中水分、灰分、蛋白质、脂质等主要营养物质的含量变化及脂肪酸、虾青素等功能成分的损失情况,分析各主要物质的流向路径及变化原因。结果显示：水分在蒸煮过程中流失8.49%,干燥过程中水分流失63.5%,大多以蒸发的形式流失;蛋白质在蒸煮过程中流失1.12%,其中流向蒸煮液0.87%,流失部分主要为水溶性蛋白,干燥过程流失6.05%;脂质在蒸煮、干燥过程中分别减少1.11%和1.61%,进一步分析其脂肪酸组成,发现多不饱和脂肪酸含量由45.57%降低至43.65%,其中EPA相对含量在蒸煮、干燥过程中分别减少0.41%和1.16%,DHA相对含量在蒸煮过程中变化不大,干燥过程中减少0.68%;虾青素是热敏性物质,受热处理的影响,在蒸煮、干燥过程中分别减少29.4和58.6mg/kg;灰分含量在蒸煮、干燥过程中分别减少2.85%和0.85%;结果表明蒸煮过程损失的主要物质为蒸煮液中的可溶性物质及少部分的热敏性物质,干燥过程主要造成水分的蒸发和虾青素等热敏性物质的破坏。研究初步掌握了南极磷虾虾粉加工过程中主要物质的含量变化与流向路径,分析了变化原因及主要影响因素,并讨论提出了减少物质流失的方案,可为后续南极磷虾粉加工工艺流程和参数的优化提供理论依据,对提高虾粉品质、促进南极磷虾资源高质化利用具有非常重要的意义。 相似文献
6.
7.
在挤压蒸煮工艺中 ,水分是重要的催化剂。它不仅有利于适当的蒸煮 ,促使淀粉糊化和蛋白质变性 ,而且有利于提高挤压生产速度和降低吨能耗。但膨化机挤出的饲料水分含量高达 1 8-2 6% ,只进行冷却处理 ,水分不易降低到安全贮存标准。虽说在环境温度条件下饲料可以自然干燥 ,但不仅速度慢 ,而且需要很大的场地 ,还取决于当地的气候条件 ,水分难以控制 ,尤以南方春季和初夏空气湿度大时最严重。因此 ,大部分挤压蒸煮饲料必须进行机器干燥。1 干燥原理空气经热源加热 ,在风机作用下 ,经一定的路径通过湿料层 ,并在饲料低速运行、翻转或搅拌中 ,… 相似文献
8.
针对我国鱼粉生产原料的具体情况研究了鱼粉的蒸煮工艺。研究结果,七星鱼和小带鱼2种鱼类生产鱼粉的蒸煮工艺为:蒸煮温度分别为80℃和75℃;pH分别为7和7.5;蒸煮时间分别为16min和14min。 相似文献
9.
10.
《水产科技情报》2001,(6):286-286
日本利用鱼粉开发生产鱼酱油 日本已利用鱼粉开发生产鱼酱油。鱼酱油芳香鲜美 ,含盐量低(1 .5 4% ) ,无三甲胺等鱼臭成分 ,其中鲜味成分谷氨酸达 0 .95 % ,含有多量赖氨酸等 8种人体必需氨基酸 ,总氨基酸量达 5 .4% ,还含有鱼体中的生物活性物质牛磺酸 (72 mg/1 0 0ml)、钙 (79mg/1 0 0 ml) ,是营养保健酱油。所用原料是用全鱼加工的鱼粉 ,经蒸煮、压榨、脱水、脱脂 ,将固形物干燥成粒状 ,不加抗氧化剂。鱼粉中含粗蛋白 68.1 %、粗脂肪 9.1 %、灰分1 3 .3 %。鱼酱油生产过程是先制作鱼曲 ,再发酵熟化。1 .制鱼曲 取蒸煮鱼粉、碾碎的小… 相似文献
11.
饲用血粉的新生产工艺及采用膨化血粉喂养试验的效果 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
饲用血粉的生产从采用干燥工艺，发酵工艺，到采用喷雾干燥工艺，都存在产品的可消化率偏低的问题，并涉及诸如生产环境和耗能过大等问题，本校采用专门研制的连续膨化设备对含有一定水分的碎血块进行连续瞬时加工，经进一步粉碎后，制成了新型饲用血粉－膨化血粉，其体外消化率达９７．６％。用含有膨胀化血粉的配合饲料喂养淡水鱼类的平均饲料系数为１．７９。利用膨化血粉和喷雾血粉对ＡＡ肉鸡进行对比喂养试验表明，两组的平均饲 相似文献
12.
Evaluation of full-fat and defatted maggot meals in the feeding of clariid catfish Clarias gariepinus fingerlings 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The nutritional implication of processed maggot meals, hydrolysed, defatted, full‐fat, sun‐dried and oven‐dried, in the diets of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings were evaluated. The nutrient density, proximate composition, gross energy and mineral constituents of the maggot meals were determined. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to provide 40% crude protein in which fish meal in the reference diet was completely replaced by any of the following processed maggot meals: oven‐dried full‐fat (ODM), sun‐dried full‐fat (SDM), defatted oven‐dried (DODM) and defatted sun‐dried (DSDM) maggot meals respectively. Fish were fed ad libitum in triplicate treatments for 56 days in glass tanks. Biological evaluations of the fish were based on growth performance and nutrient utilization indices. The result of the nutrient composition analysis showed that processing methods of defattening and drying influenced the nutrient density of maggot meal, with crude protein content ranging between 43.30% and 46.70% for full‐fat sun‐dried and hydrolysed/defatted oven‐dried maggot meals respectively. The result showed that growth performance and nutrient utilization of fish fed DODM and DSDM dietary inclusions were not significantly different and similar to fish fed the fish meal‐based diet. However, fish fed the diet containing SDM exhibited lower daily weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and specific growth. Generally, fish performed better when fed diets containing defatted maggot meals than full‐fat maggot meal, and compared favourably with fish fed the fish meal‐based diet. 相似文献
13.
鱼肉蛋白质挤压过程中操作参数对挤出物水分含量及堆积密度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了鱼肉蛋白质在双轴挤压蒸煮处理过程中,主要操作参数末段腔体温度,螺杆转速和供料水分含量对挤出物的水分含量和堆积密度两个物理性质的影响。研究的3个操作参数每一个变量设5个水平,测量相应挤出产物的水分含量和堆积密度,分别建立挤出物水分含量与操作参数,挤出物堆积密度与操作参数的回归拟合方程。结果表明,供料湿度明显影响挤出物的水分含量。供料水分含量、腔体温度和螺杆转速对挤出物的堆积密度都有影响;水分含量与操作参数,堆积密度与操作参数的回归拟合方程的相关系数R2分别是1.000和0.926,拟合的统计模型可信度高。 相似文献
14.
Recent advances in the development of innovative chemical methods for determining the nutritional value of fish meals and aquafeeds 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
U Luzzana 《Aquaculture Research》2001,32(8):661-670
Aspartic acid racemization and oxysterol content have been evaluated as indicators of fish meal and aquafeed nutritional value in a series of studies reviewed in the present paper. Kinetic studies and assessment of the d -aspartic acid content of commercial fish meals and fish feeds supported the use of the extent of racemization of this amino acid as a reliable indicator of the thermal history of fish meal. Preliminary results suggest that d -aspartic acid could be a useful indicator of the protein nutritional value for fish, expressed by nitrogen retention or in vivo digestibility. However, species-related differences seem to occur. Therefore, further studies are needed to evaluate the reliability of d -aspartic acid content as an indicator of protein nutritional value affected by processing conditions. With regard to lipid quality, two major oxysterols, namely 7β-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol, have been identified and quantified in commercial fish meals. The measured levels were very low compared with the values reported in the literature for fish products, probably because of antioxidant addition during fish meal processing. An effect of storage time on cholesterol oxidation was also demonstrated in a laboratory-scale experiment. Research needs for the future include a deeper understanding of the chemical reactions affecting the nutritional quality of aquafeeds, development of innovative and reliable chemical methods for raw material and feed quality assessment, and identification of critical control points in the manufacturing process to try to maintain the original nutritional value of raw materials. 相似文献
15.
为探究不同方式干燥卵形鲳鲹鱼片的风味差异,实验选取冰鲜卵形鲳鲹为原料,采用热风干燥、热泵干燥和冷冻干燥3种方式干制卵形鲳鲹鱼片,分别测定并分析其TBA值、呈味核苷酸含量、游离氨基酸含量和挥发性风味物质等指标。结果显示,干燥后的卵形鲳鲹鱼片中TBA值与K值均显著上升,其中冷冻干燥鱼肉的TBA值仅比冰鲜鱼片增加1.6倍,但热泵干燥和热风干燥则分别增加了5.5和4.5倍。干燥后鱼肉中的总游离氨基酸含量及味精当量较冰鲜卵形鲳鲹鱼片显著降低,其中热风干燥鱼肉的味精当量则下降了50.83%。热泵干燥鱼肉中苦味氨基酸含量和鲜味氨基酸含量分别占总氨基酸含量的19.11%和7.37%,而冷冻干燥组鱼肉中甜味氨基酸相对百分含量最高,为53.62%。3种干燥方式中,热泵干燥卵形鲳鲹的味精当量最高,为4.47谷氨酸钠(MGS)/100 g,表明热泵干燥卵形鲳鲹鱼片的鲜味程度最高。就挥发性风味成分而言,热泵干燥鱼肉酯类和酮类较多,其主要呈现果香味和焙烤坚果味;热风干燥中烃类和芳香类的相对含量约占70%,醛类和酯类相对含量达20%;而冷冻干燥中烃类与芳香类相对含量占到90%以上,醛类和酯类相对含量不足8%,其风味... 相似文献
16.
鱼粉在水产饲料中的应用研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
As a main protein source in aquafeeds, fish meal has been extensively studied. Fish sources, freshness, processing temperature, lipid quality and microbiological index are five main aspects of the evaluation of fish meal quality. This paper reviewed the researches on fish meal including the evaluation of fish meal quality, the use of fishmeal and the environmental problems. Biogenic amine is the main potential toxin in decomposed fish meal including mainly histamine, cadaverine, putrescine and tyramine and most studies showed that they could affect the fish growth performance and health. The determination of protein digestibility of fish meal includes pepsin-digestion method, animal test, capillary electrophoresis, etc. The content of phosphorus in fish meal and its utilization can introduce pollution to water bodies and the use of alternative protein and improvement of utilization of fish meal can help to reduce the pollution from fish meal. 相似文献
17.
Y. Moradi A. A. Motalebi S. H. Syed Muhamad Y. Che Man 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):379-390
Fish lipids are known to be beneficial for human health since they are rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This benefit can be affected by some processing or cooking methods. The effects of different cooking methods on lipid content and fatty acid composition of different fish species have been previously studied. In this article, the fish lipid characteristics and their changes during different cooking methods were reviewed. The fat content and fatty acid composition of fish vary according to the species, season, and environmental conditions. The fish lipid characteristics also change during different cooking processes. Frying generally gives higher changes in the fish lipid composition than other cooking methods. For example, frying results in higher losses of DHA and EPA (compared to other cooking methods). Further, the lipid changes occurring during frying depend on the fat content of the fish, the frying oil composition, and the type of frying technology. 相似文献
18.
虾青素由于结构稳定性较差，在高温条件下易降解和异构化。为了掌握南极磷虾粉加工过程中虾青素含量、结构及抗氧化能力的变化情况，采用高效液相色谱法测定虾青素在各加工阶段的含量及结构变化，对比虾青素在各加工阶段的抗氧化性差异，分析虾青素结构与功能活性的相关性。结果显示，南极磷虾原料中虾青素含量为110.6 mg/kg，其中全反式结构虾青素占比90.7%,13-顺式虾青素和9-顺式虾青素占比分别为4.7%和4.6%，经过蒸煮和干燥后，虾青素含量分别为88.7和52.1 mg/kg，全反式虾青素占比分别为76.2%和72.2%,13-顺式虾青素占比分别为19.9%和21.9%,9-顺式虾青素占比分别为3.9%和5.9%。南极磷虾原料中虾青素的3S, 3′S,3S, 3′R和3R, 3′R三种光学异构体含量分别为16.8、17.9和72.1 mg/kg，蒸煮后分别为12.0、25.5和55.3 mg/kg，干燥后分别为2.8、8.1和12.4 mg/kg。各阶段虾青素清除DPPH自由基能力均显著强于Vc，在羟基自由基清除实验中，蒸煮和干燥后的虾青素抗氧化能力强于原料中的虾青素，在FRAP铁离子还原实... 相似文献