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两种光周期下矮牵牛‘幻想粉红’生长发育特性的研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
将矮牵牛‘幻想粉红’分别培养在长日照和短日照条件下, 观测其始花期及株高、株幅、分枝数和开花数的变化; 将短日照下培养的‘幻想粉红’分别于2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16片真叶时移入长日照下进行培养, 观测从长日照处理至第1朵花开放的时间。结果分析表明: 长日照下, ‘幻想粉红’株型松散, 短日照下生长紧凑; ‘幻想粉红’为量性长日照植物, 短日照下要达到较大的营养生长量才能开花; ‘幻想粉红’的幼龄期约在8片真叶期结束。初步建议在8叶期之前采用短日照处理‘幻想粉红’,以得到紧凑的株型, 而在8叶期以后给予长日照, 以促进开花。 相似文献
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采用迁光试验研究长日照植物蒲包花‘秀丽’的限界性诱导光周期,不同发育阶段对光周期的敏感性和光周期处理对盆花品质的影响,并推测了童期长度。连续短日照和经7 d长日照后移至短日照的蒲包花,从处理到开花的天数显著长于长日照14 ~ 42 d后移至短日照的处理,而14 ~ 42 d长日照转移的处理之间差异不显著,表明14 d的长日照处理足以促进蒲包花开花,其限界性诱导光周期在7 ~ 14 d之间,长日照14 d以后蒲包花的花芽发育对光周期不敏感。长日照7 d后转到短日照,从处理到现蕾的天数减少而从现蕾到开花的天数增加,顶花芽败育,侧芽萌发开花,表明长日照7 d促进了花芽分化,但此时花芽发育对光周期仍敏感。本试验条件下,生长至3对叶片时蒲包花已结束童期。长日照促进株高和主枝长度的增加,21 d长日照后转移到短日照的处理,株高、主枝长度显著大于14 d时转移的处理,开花整齐,盆花品质显著提高。长日照转到短日照时,地上部鲜质量、根鲜质量、总质量均随着迁光天数的延迟而下降;短日照转到长日照时则相反。9月上旬播种育苗,在3对叶片时开始长日照处理21 d,蒲包花‘秀丽’可在1月上旬始花,保证春节上市。 相似文献
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为了研究‘地平线’天竺葵的花芽分化特性及光周期对其生长发育的影响,采用石蜡切片
方法观察了花芽分化的过程,探讨了7 种光周期处理对始花期及开花质量的影响。结果表明：（1）‘地平
线’的花芽分化过程可以划分为8 个时期,持续时间大约为9 周;（2）‘地平线’花芽分化时期与各生长
指标（株高、株幅、真叶数和播种周数）均极显著相关,通过回归方程判断其幼龄期在5 片真叶前结束;
（3）‘地平线’为量性短日照植物,促其早花的最佳光周期为昼12 h/夜12 h;（4）较长日照下‘地平线’
的株形高大松散,较短光周期下矮小紧凑。‘地平线’天竺葵在5 片真叶前,采用16 h 日照栽培,可得到
健壮幼苗;5 叶期后,12 h 日照诱导,可促进分枝开花。 相似文献
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以3年生笃斯越橘苗为试材,将苗木分别置于4℃低温下短日照(10h)和长日照(14h)人工环境中,21d后测定不同处理叶片生理指标。结果表明:低温锻炼期不同光周期对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性影响较小;显著降低了过氧化物酶(POD)活性;显著提高了过氧化物酶(CAT)活性。低温锻炼明显提高蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖和可溶性蛋白质含量,这种作用主要与低温诱导有关,而受光周期影响较小。低温锻炼期不同日照处理明显提高了赤霉素(GA3)含量,其中短日照处理下提高幅度明显大于长日照;低温短日照处理下脱落酸(ABA)含量明显降低,而低温长日照处理下变化不明显;不同光周期处理对吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量无明显影响;短日照处理下玉米素核苷(ZR)含量无明显变化,而长日照处理下明显提高;低温短日照处理下ABA/GA3和ABA/IAA下降程度明显大于低温长日照。表明笃斯越橘叶片对低温锻炼环境表现出较强的适应性。由于低温短光周期对笃斯越橘ABA、GA3合成及激素平衡影响大于低温长光周期,从而对低温适应性也有一定影响。 相似文献
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白掌为天南星科(Araceae)白鹤芋属(Spathiphyllum)多年生草本植物。本试验以不同白掌品种为材料,利用秋水仙素处理诱导多倍体,通过流式细胞仪技术进行多倍体鉴定。结果表明:不同品种的多倍体诱导率不同,其中Spathiphyllum‘Bright’诱导率最高,达67%;Spathiphyllum‘Coddy color’最低,为10%;Spathiphyllum floribundum和Spathiphyllum‘Parrish’分别为38%和30%;Spathiphyllum floribundum、Spathiphyllum‘Coddy color’、Spathiphyllum‘Bright’、Spathiphyllum‘Parrish’4个品种分别获得2株、1株、2株、3株纯四倍体植株。 相似文献
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试验材料是从新铁炮百合（Lilium × formolongi）与东方百合‘索邦’（Oriental hybrid ‘Sorbonne’）的杂交苗中筛选出的优良株系。以该株系组培扩繁的试管鳞茎为材料,通过石蜡切片观察从营养生长到生殖生长阶段的茎尖解剖结构;通过交互迁光试验初步确定光周期感受态及限界性诱导光周期;在不同光周期下,通过qRT-PCR技术测定分析了杂种苗不同组织和发育时期成花诱导相关基因CONSTANS（CO）和FLOWERING LOCUS T（FT）的表达。结合形态特征、解剖结构和基因表达状况,最终确定了该百合杂种苗成花诱导关键时期：在6 ~ 8片基生叶时开始进入光周期感受态,在2 ~ 4个节间时开始进入成花诱导期,限界性诱导光周期为28 d。 相似文献
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丝瓜的光周期反应 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
本文研究了普通丝瓜(Luffa cylindrica Roem.)和有棱丝瓜(L. acutan-gula Roxb.)的光周期反应。试验表明,丝瓜两个种都是在长日照下延迟发育,短日照则提早发育。短日照处理以子叶展开后开始为适宜。有棱丝瓜在10-20h光照范围内,第1雌、雄花的节位呈随着日照时数的延长而提高的趋势。不同品种对短日照的反应有所不同。‘乌耳’、‘登峰’和‘双青’三个品种对短日条件要求比较严格,而‘青皮’和‘棠东’两个品种对短日条件的要求不很严格。短日处理可加速植株的雌性发育,提早发生雌花,增加雌花数和提高雌/雄花比率等。这些效应随着短日处理天数的增加而加强。 相似文献
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Environmental control of the annual growth cycle of ‘Glen Ample’ raspberry has been studied in order to facilitate crop manipulation for out-of-season production. Plants propagated from root buds were raised in long days (LD) at 21 °C and then exposed to different temperature and daylength conditions at varying ages. Shoot growth was monitored by weekly measurements and floral initiation by regular sampling and examination of axillary bud #5. Under natural summer daylight conditions at 60°N shoot growth was nearly doubled at 21 °C compared with 15 °C, while at 9 °C one half of the plants ceased growing and formed flower buds at midsummer. Developing shoots have a juvenile phase and could not be induced to flower before the 15-leaf stage. No significant reduction in induction requirements was found in larger plants. Plants exposed to natural light conditions from 10th August, had an immediate growth suppression at 9 and 12 °C with complete cessation after 4 weeks (by September 7). This coincided with the first appearance of floral primordia. At 15 °C both growth cessation and floral initiation occurred 2 weeks later (by September 21), while at 18 °C continuous growth with no floral initiation was maintained until early November when the photoperiod had fallen below 9 h. The critical photoperiod for growth cessation and floral initiation at 15 °C was 15 h. Plants exposed to 10-h photoperiods at 9 °C for 2–4 weeks had a transient growth suppression followed by resumed growth under subsequent high temperature and LD conditions, while exposure for 5 or 6 weeks resulted in complete growth cessation and dormancy induction. The critical induction period for floral initiation was 3 weeks although no transitional changes were visible in the bud before week 4. When exposed to inductive conditions for marginal periods of 3 or 4 weeks, an increasing proportion of the plants (20% and 67%, respectively), behaved as primocane flowering cultivars with recurrent growth and terminal flowering. It is concluded that growth cessation and floral initiation in raspberry are jointly controlled by low temperature and short day conditions and coincide in time as parallel outputs from the same internal induction mechanism. 相似文献
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Edward F. Durner 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2018,93(3):296-305
Experiments conducted over 2 years evaluated photoperiod and nitrogen conditioning of ‘Albion’ strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) plants for off-season field production in New Jersey, USA. Plants were conditioned the first year with natural days (ND, natural daylength) or long days (LD, natural daylength supplemented with 24 h incandescent radiation) for one week followed by 100 or 800 ppm N for 4 weeks under ND or LD. The second year, plants were conditioned with ND or LD for 1 week followed by 1 to 6 weeks of 100 or 800 ppm nitrogen (N) under ND or LD. After conditioning, plants were established in plasticulture. Ripe fruit were harvested from August through October both years. LD conditioning enhanced precocity by approximately 9 days in both studies. Productivity was also enhanced by conditioning with LD or elevated N. Plants grown on silver or white mulch were more productive than those grown on black mulch in the first study, but not the second. 相似文献
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The main factor affecting floral initiation of Geraldton Wax-Flower (Chamelaucium uncinatum) is the photoperiod, while temperature is the major factor affecting flower development. Four weeks of short days (SD) are generally required for obtaining full flowering. The number of flowers produced per plant increases with increasing the number of SD. Under mild temperatures of (day/night), plants initiated flowers even in long days (LD). However, fewer flowers were produced and on higher nodes as compared to SD plants. Chlormequat promoted flowering under prevailing summer conditions of high temperatures and LD. Under prevailing autumn conditions favourable for flower initiation, LD treatment or weekly sprays with gibberellic acid (GA) reduced the number of flowers per plant. Combined treatment of LD and GA reduced both the flowering percentage and the number of flowers per plant. Discontinuing the LD or the GA treatments caused a resumption of full flower initiation. 相似文献
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Erik S. Runkle Royal D. Heins Arthur C. Cameron William H. Carlson 《Scientia Horticulturae》1999,80(3-4):247-258
Lobelia×speciosa Sweet ‘Compliment Scarlet' was grown under a range of photoperiods and low temperature treatments to determine their effects on flowering. In the first experiment, plants were held at 5°C for 0 or 15 weeks, then grown at 20°C under the following photoperiods: 10, 12, 14, 16, or 24 h of continual light or 9 h with a 4 h night interruption (NI). Non-cooled ‘Compliment Scarlet' flowered as a qualitative long-day plant (LDP) with a minimum flowering photoperiod of 14 h. Following cold, flowering was quantitative with respect to photoperiod, until ≈14.2 h, when the calculated rate of progress toward flowering reached a plateau. In cooled plants, node number below the inflorescence decreased from 27 to 16 as the photoperiod increased from 10 to 24 h. Cooled plants developed 61–149% more flowers and were ≥17% taller than non-cooled ones under the same photoperiod. To determine the cold duration required for flowering under short days (SD), plants were held at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, or 15 weeks at 5°C then grown at 20°C under SD (9 h photoperiod) or long days (9 h photoperiod with a 4 h NI). Under SD, few plants flowered after ≤6 weeks of cold. As cold treatment increased from 9 to 15 weeks, flowering percentage increased, time to flower decreased from 93 to 64 days, and node count decreased from 24 to 13. Cold treatment did not affect flowering percentage or time under NI, but plants always had more flowers and were taller than reproductive ones under 9 h day lengths. Thus, ‘Compliment Scarlet', is a qualitative LDP, but an extended cold treatment can partially substitute for the long day (LD) photoperiodic requirement. 相似文献
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Edward F. Durner 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2019,94(2):251-258
Two plant types [direct planted, cold-stored dormant crowns (crowns) or dormant crowns grown in a greenhouse for 3 weeks prior to field planting (plugs)] of ‘Albion’ strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) were evaluated in off-season field production under LD (long day: natural daylength supplemented with 24 h incandescent radiation) or ND (natural daylength) in New Jersey, USA. After 1 week under LD or ND plants received either 100 or 800 ppm N for 4 weeks. Inflorescence, runner, and branch crown production were monitored and fruit harvested from July through September. Field conditioning was ineffective for enhancing total yield of June-planted ‘Albion’ in off-season production. If early summer planting is anticipated, conditioning is not needed. Growing plugs in the greenhouse before transplanting to the production field is not beneficial and reduces productivity with the early summer plantings. Extending the daylength with continuous incandescent lighting to mimic LD during production is not recommended for early summer planting as productivity and fruit size are reduced under continuous low level lighting. 相似文献
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Brunonia australis R. Br (Goodeniaceae) and Calandrinia (Portulacaceae), native to Australia, are potential new flowering potted plants. This research investigated the role of daylength and growth regulators, Gibberellic acid (GA3) and paclobutrazol (Pac), to control vegetative growth, peduncle elongation and flowering of Brunonia and Calandrinia. Plants were grown under long days (16 h), short days (11 h) and 8 weeks under short day then transferred to long day (SDLDs). Plants in each daylength were treated with GA3, Pac, and GA3+ Pac. GA3 was applied as 10 μL drop of 500 mg L−1 concentration to the newest mature leaf. A single application of Pac was applied as a soil drench at 0.25 mg a.i. dose per plant. Both Brunonia and Calandrinia flowered earlier in long days but still flowered in short days, so both can be classified as facultative LD plants. Brunonia under SDLDs were more vigorous and attractive than plants under LDs while still being more compact than plants under SDs. In Brunonia, GA3 promoted earlier flowering and increased the number of inflorescences under SDs. Pac at 0.25 mg a.i. per plant applied alone or in combination with GA3 had extended flower development in Brunonia, and resulted in a reduced number of inflorescences per plant compared to the control plants. Vegetative growth of Calandrinia was similar under LDs, SDs and SDLDs, whereas GA3 application increased plant size. Pac-treated Calandrinia looked compact and attractive, and Pac application did not affect time to flower and flower number. 相似文献
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Gladiolus plants cultivar ‘Spick and Span’ were grown in winter under natural short day (SD) or under long day (LD), with 4 hours low intensity light at midnight. Growth of the various organs was followed by periodic sampling. SD promoted flower development and advanced anthesis but reduced the final size of the flower. LD increased weight and size of leaves and flowers.Initial growth of the corm was similar under both photoperiods, but while corm growth continued throughout the growing-period under SD, it was checked under LD when flowers were developed at an enhanced rate and until anthesis. At this stage, the allocation of assimilates was directed towards the flower sink and away from the corm sink.Final corm weight was also promoted by LD. This is interpreted as an indirect effect due to increased photosynthesis of the larger LD plants. In non-flowering plants raised from cormels, SD specifically promoted corm growth, although no competing flower sink was present.It is concluded that photoperiod affects growth and development of gladiolus in two ways: directly — by affecting the partitioning of assimilates between the flower or the corm; and indirectly — by affecting the total photosynthates available to the plants by influencing foliage size and the total growth period. 相似文献