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1.
基于RS、GIS的土地荒漠化时空演变规律及其生态景观重构策略——以辽西北阜新地区为例 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
土地荒漠化是当前全球面临的重大环境问题之一 ,它的发生、发展及其逆转是气候、环境和人类社会经济活动综合作用的结果。阜新位于辽宁西北部 ,属于农牧交错带 ,是土地荒漠化类型齐全、结构复杂的典型区域。以遥感 ( RS)、地理信息系统 ( GIS)作为荒漠化信息获取与分析的工具 ,利用 3个不同时段的遥感影象 ,对阜新地区2 0年土地荒漠化进行了动态监测。结合区域环境特点 ,对土地荒漠化的时空演变规律进行了系统研究。在此基础上 ,从恢复生态学角度提出了针对阜新地区不同类型荒漠化土地综合整治的分区利用模式和景观重构策略。 相似文献
2.
土地沙漠化是生态系统服务价值变化的重要影响因素,文章基于NDVI等多源数据与GIS、敏感性分析方法,分析了1981—2010年内蒙古地区沙漠化演变对区域生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明:（1）1981—2010年,内蒙古地区沙漠化面积净增加6.92万km2,但总体沙漠化程度有所改善。沙漠化逆转区域主要集中于内蒙古西南部的鄂尔多斯与阿拉善,而沙漠化发展区域主要发生在中北部的科尔沁和浑善达克。（2）生态系统服务总价值减少671.57亿元;沙漠化演变对生态系统服务价值具有中度线性相关关系,其造成生态系统服务价值损失比例为23.7%。（3）沙漠化演变对沙区生态系统服务价值变化的影响具有空间异质性,在鄂尔多斯、浑善达克等地表现为促进作用,在土默特、内蒙后山等表现为反向作用。（4）各沙区生态系统服务价值对沙漠化演变敏感度差异明显;科尔沁、河套平原等地敏感性指数高于50,而呼伦贝尔、内蒙后山等则小于1。该结果可为内蒙古自治区的科学土地规划、生态保护及可持续发展提供重要参考。 相似文献
3.
基于ESAI的黄土高原荒漠化风险评估 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
[目的]对黄土高原荒漠化风险进行评估,为黄土高原生态环境的恢复、建设和保护提供科学依据。[方法]通过收集黄土高原的地形、气候、植被、土壤以及社会经济等方面的数据,借助RS和GIS平台,实现黄土高原荒漠化风险评估的空间化和数字化,在此基础上分析荒漠化的成因,构建荒漠化风险评价指标体系,建立基于环境敏感性区指标(ESAI)的荒漠化风险评估模型,分析荒漠化风险程度的空间格局,探索黄土高原不同区域荒漠化形成的主要原因。[结果](1)基于土壤、气候、植被3种要素的环境敏感区生物物理指标显示:黄土高原大约1/4的区域(25.2%)为高风险区,属于严重荒漠化,几乎2/3的区域(62.8%)是轻微荒漠化,11.5%的地区为潜在荒漠化,只有0.5%的地区无荒漠化现象;(2)加入人类诱发因素后,改变了黄土高原荒漠化风险区的原有格局。其中,极低、低度和极高度敏感区减少了5.6%,1.1%和3.8%;与此同时,较低和较高度敏感区增加了4.4%和4.5%。[结论](1)该模型能很好地说明黄土高原荒漠化风险的空间分布格局,其荒漠化程度由西北向东南地区逐渐减弱;(2)人类活动已经在一定程度上打破了长期稳定的自然生态系统,并且缩小了不同程度荒漠化之间的差距。 相似文献
4.
S. Li Y. Zheng P. Luo X. Wang H. Li P. Lin 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2007,18(5):473-485
Western Hainan Island is the only tropic region in China that is experiencing desertification. In this paper, we hope to reconstruct the evolution of desertification from 1959 to 2003 and identify the driving force during this process. Using remote sensing, mapping, GIS analysis and statistical analysis with climatic factors and human factors, we found five phases of desertification in the western part of Hainan Island between the late‐1950s and the early‐2000s. Desertification first developed rapidly, then reversed, and is now fluctuating, due to natural and human driving forces. Human activities interact with climatic factors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(12):1452-1464
ABSTRACTSoil texture is a key controlling factor of soil properties and its functions include water and nutrient holding capacity, retention of pollutants, root development, soil biodiversity, and biogeochemical cycling. From the geotechnical standpoint, it is interesting to analyze the soil texture in regions due to its relation with the infiltration and runoff processes and, consequently, the effect on erosion processes. The purpose of this study is to present a methodology that provides the soil texture spatial variation by using Fuzzy logic theory and geostatistical technique in Geographic Information System (GIS) platform. A total of 140 soil samples were taken from topsoil (0–30 cm) in the study area located in the north of Guilan Province, the southern coast of Caspian Sea, Northern Iran. The soil textural classes were converted to numerical values (fuzzy values) using the fuzzy logic concept. The fuzzy values were spatially interpolated by ordinary kriging method such that the fitted model on experimental semi-variogram was exponential with moderate structure. The results showed the accuracy of soil texture predictive map was acceptable according to the values of normalized root-mean-square error for train data set (0.182) and test data set (0.179). The knowledge of the spatial variability of soil properties such as the soil texture can be an important tool for land-use planning in order to reduce the potential soil losses during rainy seasons. The results indicated that the integration of fuzzy logic, geostatistics, and GIS can improve the interpolation process. 相似文献
6.
The development and reversal of aeolian desertification have been widely recognised as the dominant causes of changes in the source areas of dust storms. The Alashan Plateau, which is near China's Hexi Corridor, is one of the major dust storm source regions in northern China. To investigate the relationship between climatic and anthropogenic factors and the development of aeolian desertification, we reconstructed the temporal and spatial evolution of aeolian desertification and the underlying processes from 1975 to 2007 using Landsat images and analysed the driving forces. The results show that aeolian desertified land in the study area covered 32 847·79 km2 in 2007, amounting to 11·3 per cent of the total area, with an initial period of desertification expansion from 1975 to 2000 and a reversal of desertification from 2000 to 2007. On the basis of the analysis of effects of climate changes and human activities in the region, aeolian desertification was principally driven by human activities in this area; climatic variations had little effect on the area of severe desertification. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
Desertification in the source area of Yangtze River is discussed in the paper. Under the conditions of the cold climate and permafrost, the freeze–thaw processes have significant effects on the different kinds of desertification. The classification, distribution, development, formation and control measurements of desertification in the source area are in particular compared with other desertified regions in east China. Furthermore, suggestions for desertification research and control in the source area are put forward. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
我国西南喀斯特山区土地石漠化成因及防治 总被引：43，自引：0，他引：43
土地石漠化是西南喀斯特山区一种突出的生态环境问题。阐述了西南喀斯特山区土地石漠化的现状分布:土地石漠化面积约10.51万km2,占喀斯特山区总面积的20%,并集中出现在贵州和广西;分析了土地石漠化的危害:导致可耕地面积减少、加剧人畜饮水困难、旱涝灾害频率和强度增加;着重以贵州为例,从岩性、地表结构、特殊的土体剖面、钙性环境、降水和超载的人口压力及落后的生产方式等八个方面详细探讨了喀斯特山区土地石漠化的成因机理,并指出喀斯特地区的自然因素为土地石漠化形成的内因,而不合理的人类活动是土地石漠化形成的诱因和主导因素。在此基础上结合西南喀斯特山区的实际情况,提出了开展西南喀斯特山区土地石漠化地质环境本底调查、制定土地石漠化综合治理规划、建立高标准的土地石漠化治理种苗基地、优化石漠化地区的土地利用结构和就业结构、加强土地石漠化治理关键技术的研究、加大土地石漠化治理试验示范力度等八条对策建议。 相似文献
9.
采用实地调查与遥感材料分析相结合的方法,引入土地荒漠化程度对生态系统服务价值影响系数,在确定各种土地利用类型面积、荒漠化程度和分布格局的基础上,分析土地荒漠化对赤峰市生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明：1）赤峰市荒漠化区域内,荒漠化土地面积比例达到76．66％,其中草地荒漠化面积比例最大,未利用地和草地荒漠化程度最高,而林地和耕地荒漠化面积比例和程度相对较小而低;轻度、中度荒漠化土地主要分布于耕地、林地和大部分草地中,重度和极重度荒漠化土地主要分布于未利用地和少部分草地中;土地荒漠化面积比例较大且程度较高的地区为林西县、翁牛特旗、巴林右旗、巴林左旗、敖汉旗和阿鲁科尔沁旗,土地荒漠化面积比例最小且程度最低的地区为红山区。2）土地荒漠化使赤峰市生态系统服务价值总量降低了79．9241亿元／a,其中敖汉旗、翁牛特旗、巴林右旗和阿鲁科尔沁旗降低量较大,分别为16．6394亿、16．3974亿、15．3927亿和13．6589亿元／a,林西县降低率最大,为23．47％,红山区降低量和降低率都最小,分别为0．0411亿元／a和2．63％;全市土壤形成与保护价值降低量最大,为17．8677亿元／a,食物生产价值降低率最多,为20．65％,娱乐休闲价值降低量和降低率都最小,分别为2．3139亿元／a和13．34％。 相似文献
10.
基于GIS、RS技术,探讨喀斯特地形坡度量算的适宜方法,并提取桂西北喀斯特山区地貌类型、坡度、坡向数据,结合2006年桂西北石漠化数据进行地形要素与石漠化空间相关性分析。结果表明：桂西北喀斯特石漠化与地貌类型、坡度有明显的空间相关性,表现在低山和高丘陵地形区的石漠化发生率较高;在0°-25°坡度地形区中,石漠化发生率随坡度增大而平缓下降,大于25°坡度区的石漠化发生率却大幅上升;各坡向的石漠化发生率基本相近,石漠化与坡向没有明显空间相关性。研究结果可为桂西北喀斯特山区土地利用布局、石漠化治理和生态系统恢复提供决策依据。 相似文献
11.
M. Izzo N. Araujo P. P. C. Aucelli A. Maratea A. Snchez 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2013,24(5):486-498
Many elements determine land sensitivity to desertification, whose analysis requires multifactorial approaches to be used. The environmental sensitive areas methodology is a well‐known approach to estimate sensitivity to desertification that accounts for multiple interacting driving forces, conceived and validated in a Mediterranean environment. We show that the environmental sensitive areas methodology can be used, with minor modifications, in a tropical context, where it allows the discrimination among environments with different degree of susceptibility to degradation and resilience. The results obtained for the Dominican Republic show that 48·4% of its territory is critically sensitive to desertification, and 16·4% of it is highly critically sensitive to desertification, mostly because of intense and inadequate land use practices. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
以我国新疆维吾尔自治区、青海省、内蒙古自治区、甘肃省、宁夏回族自治区和陕西省六省区为研究区,分析了1990年、2000年、2005年、2010年4个时期的土地沙漠化敏感性空间格局分布和时间动态变化特征,探讨变化成因并采用CA-Markov耦合模型对土地沙漠化敏感性格局变化趋势进行预测。结果表明:中国六省四期土地沙漠化敏感性格局相似,各级敏感区按分布面积大小排序为:轻度敏感区域 > 中度敏感区域 > 高度敏感区域 > 不敏感区域 > 极敏感区域。极敏感区域主要分布在土壤质地为流动沙地的沙漠区域,不敏感区域主要分布在高山、湖泊附近;人口增多、人为活动强度增加的区域敏感性程度增高;建立治沙工程的区域敏感性降低。对2020年土地沙漠化敏感性格局预测结果显示,相比2010年,极敏感区域在原有的基础上向外围扩张了7 120.04 km2,增幅为4.63%。本文通过分析中国六省土地沙漠化敏感性时空格局与趋势,为中国土地沙漠化防治分区策略制定和划分沙漠化扩展屏障区提供科学依据。 相似文献
13.
Variability of Available Cadmium in Relation to Soil Properties and Landuse in an Arid Region in Central Iran 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Due to potential problems associated with their toxicities, concentration of heavy metals in soils is of great environmental concern. To evaluate Cd content, its spatial pattern, and availability in the surface soils of agricultural, industrial and urban regions of Isfahan, central Iran, we collected 255 topsoil samples (0–20 cm) from the nodes of an irregular grid in a study area of 6800 km2. In the soil samples we measured total and DTPA-extractable Cd concentrations, soil pH, organic mater (OM), clay content, soil salinity, and chloride concentration. The total Cd concentration in 90% of the samples exceeded the suggested Swiss thresholds of 0.8 mg kg?1. Landuse had a significant effect on total concentration of Cd in the soil but had no effect on DTPA-extractable Cd. High values of total Cd were found in industrial and urban areas whereas low values occurred in uncultivated lands. The correlation analysis revealed that soil salinity alone explained 36% of the Cd variation in the entire study area. The correlation was particularly strong in uncultivated areas (R 2 = 0.70). Spatial analysis of available Cd using indicator kriging and soil salinity showed a spatial co-occurrence of these two variables. 相似文献
14.
土地沙漠化是干旱区主要生态环境问题之一,也是干旱区农业发展的重要制约因子。以新疆农八师石河子垦区150团为研究区域,基于TM遥感影像,计算了归一化植被指数(NDVI)、地表反照率(Albedo)等指标,通过建立NDVI—Albedo特征空间,对研究区沙漠化的等级进行划分。将研究区的沙化土地分为极重度、重度、中度、轻度沙漠化土地,并通过地面调查验证,对其精度进行了评价。对2000,2005和2010年3期数据进行分类处理,并对这3期的沙漠化信息进行了分析。结果表明,利用该方法的分析精度满足研究要求;研究区通过10a的发展变化,其沙漠化状况得到了有效改善。 相似文献
15.
四川省石漠化敏感性评价及其空间分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于石漠化敏感性评价机理,运用GIS技术分别分析了岩溶地貌、坡度、植被覆盖、土壤类型对石漠化敏感性的影响及其空间分布特征。基于此,进行研究区石漠化敏感性的综合评价。结果表明:（1）研究区石漠化中度敏感性区域面积最大,占研究区面积的32.39%,其次为轻度敏感性区域（占26.75%）,高度敏感和极敏感性区域也有较大面积的分布,其比例分别为17.50%和21.51%;（2）石漠化敏感性空间分布具有明显的地域差异,金沙江下游、大渡河中游、四川盆地南部周缘和川东平行岭谷是石漠化高度敏感和极敏感集中分布的地区,川西南山地区域内长江上游重要支流木里河、水洛河、雅砻江两岸、盐源盆地以及四川盆地大部分岩溶地区基本以轻度、中度敏感为主;（3）研究区石漠化现状与石漠化敏感性分布基本一致,数量特征表明这二者具有很好的对应关系,但在局部地区强度特征却表现出一定的差异。 相似文献
16.
荒漠化的动态变化分析是荒漠化防治工作的前提和基础,利用RS及GIS手段对对库布齐沙漠地区不同时期的遥感数据进行分析处理,提取各类土地荒漠化类型的时空分布特征信息,从荒漠化面积变化,等级转移、空间变化等方面进行动态变化分析。结果表明,1989年以来荒漠化总面积减少的趋势很明显,荒漠化面积占地比例最低为77.89%(2002年),最高为91.18%(1989年),2002年比1989年荒漠化的总面积减少了13.29%。黄河沿岸大部分地区,荒漠化得到了治理,而研究区人口较为稠密的东南部、海子周边以及南部沙漠地腹荒漠化的治理出现再次恶化,荒漠化面积上升到83.72%(2007年)。为了治理荒漠化、巩固治理成果,除了一般的工程、生物措施外,还需要消除不合理人类活动产生的根源,维持生态系统与人文环境的动态平衡,从根本上治理库布齐沙漠地区的荒漠化问题。 相似文献
17.
《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2017,28(8):2418-2431
Desertification refers to land degradation in arid, semi‐arid, and dry sub‐humid areas caused by various factors, including climatic variations and human activities. In recent decades, sandstorms have increased significantly in Western Iraq, which primarily increased desert lands. Proper management is required to control and to monitor the phenomena, as well as to calculate the desertified areas caused by desertification. The study area covered 50,861.854 km2 in Western Iraq. Landsat‐5 TM, Landsat‐7 ETM+, and Landsat‐8 OLI data for 1990, 2002, and 2014 were used. Maximum likelihood algorithm was used to classify the images. Change detection results were discussed in two terms: short‐term (1990–2002) and (2002–2014) and long‐term (1990–2014) analysis. Change detection analysis from 1990 to 2014 showed that desert area increased to 2286.7308 km2, becoming a new source of dust storms. Hazard occurrence probability was studied on September and October 2014. The desertification amount decreased from 1990 to 2002 and increased significantly from 2002 to 2014. Sandstorms have recently been considered a hazardous phenomenon affecting the human population, the vegetation, and the ecosystem in Iraq. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
基于MODIS和NOAA/AVHRR的荒漠化遥感监测方法 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
土地荒漠化是中国西部最严重的生态环境问题，荒漠化遥感监测技术是掌握荒漠化发展趋势的重要手段。基于空间分辨率为1 km的NOAA/AVHRR和MODIS遥感数据，首先依据湿润指数法确定了荒漠化范围和气候分区。然后选取出了可以反映不同荒漠化特征，并且能够通过中低分辨率的NOAA/AVHRR和MODIS遥感影像反演出来的5个荒漠化遥感监测指标，通过精度评价分析，确定了最佳指标组合。由于MODIS和NOAA/AVHRR数据的影像特征存在较大差异，针对每一气候分区， 建立了分别适用于MODIS和NOAA/AVHRR数据的两套遥感指标分类体系。通过不同分类方法的比较，确定了最佳分类方法－决策树分类法。通过对中国1995年和2001年的荒漠化动态变化状况进行了分析，结果表明，本文提出的荒漠化遥感监测方法，不仅能够成功地进行大尺度的荒漠化遥感监测，而且能够取得较好的监测效果。 相似文献
19.
This paper reports on a field study conducted in Kilie catchment, East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia to assess the rate of soil erosion by employing a soil loss prediction model (Universal Soil Loss Equation) integrated with in remote sensing and geographical information systems (RS/GIS), environment and gully measurement techniques. The final soil erosion risk map was produced after multiplication of the six factors involved in the USLE and RS/GIS. Gully measurement showed that the erosion rate is higher for the upland areas than the lowlands due to inappropriate soil and water conservation measures, free grazing by animals and conversion of hillside areas into farmlands. About 97·04 per cent of the study catchment falls within a range of 0–10 t ha−1 yr−1 sheet/rill erosion rate. We found that 2·17 per cent of the study area in the uplands has a soil erosion rate falling between 10 and 20 t ha−1 yr−1. About 0·8 per cent of the study area in the uplands is hit by severe sheet/rill erosion rate within the range of 20–60 t ha−1 yr−1. Gully erosion extent in the study area was evaluated through gully measurement and quantification methods. Gully density of 67 m ha−1 was recorded in the catchment. The gully to plot area ratio was found to be 0·14 on average. Hence, in the upland areas, sustainable land management practices are required in order to reduce the rate of soil erosion. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献