共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 500 毫秒
1.
融合K-means与Ncut算法的无遮挡双重叠苹果目标分割与重建 总被引：2，自引：7，他引：2
重叠苹果目标的准确分割是采摘机器人必须解决的关键问题之一。针对现有重叠苹果目标分割方法不能保留重叠部分轮廓信息的问题,提出了一种无枝叶遮挡的双果重叠苹果目标分割方法。该方法首先利用K-means聚类算法进行图像分割以提取苹果目标区域,然后利用Normalized Cut(Ncut)算法提取苹果目标轮廓,以实现未被遮挡苹果目标完整轮廓的准确提取,最后利用Spline插值算法对遮挡的苹果目标进行轮廓重建。为了验证算法的有效性,对20幅无枝叶遮挡双果重叠的苹果图像进行试验,并将该算法与寻找2个有效凹点用其连线分割重叠苹果目标,把分离的2个轮廓分别用Hough变换重建轮廓的方法进行对比。试验结果表明,对于图像中未被遮挡的苹果目标,利用该研究算法的平均分割误差为3.15%,提取的苹果目标与原始图像中苹果目标的平均重合度为96.08%,平均误差比Hough变换重建算法低7.73%,平均重合度高9.71%,并且该研究算法能够很好地保留未被遮挡苹果目标的完整轮廓信息,提高了分割精度。对于重叠被遮挡的苹果目标,平均分割误差和平均重合度分别为5.24%和93.81%,比Hough变换重建算法的平均分割误差低11.35%,平均重合度高12.74%,表明该算法可以较好地实现重叠被遮挡苹果目标的轮廓重建,研究结果可为实现枝叶遮挡影响下的多果重叠目标分割与重建提供参考。 相似文献
2.
采用液液分散微萃取与气相色谱-火焰光度检测器联用技术,提出了可用于苹果中有机磷农药残留检测的一种快速、灵敏的新方法,并通过试验对提取条件进行了优化。结果表明,该方法成功地应用到苹果样本的检测。在优化的条件下最低检出限从1.32-3.58μg.mL^-1,相对标准偏差为11.06%-15.39%,分析标准曲线采用五点法（浓度从0.5-20μg.mL^-1）来绘制,线性的变化从0.977 3-0.997 6。为了评价样本的基质效应,用有机磷农药从3个不同浓度水平对样本进行添加,回收率从64.0%-89.0%,并且没有发现基质效应。液液分散微萃取不仅操作简便而且有机溶剂使用量极少,是一种顺应时代要求的环境友好型萃取方法。 相似文献
3.
A liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to quantify and confirm trace levels of 13 pesticides including aldicarb sulfoxide, aldicarb sulfone, oxamyl, methomyl, formetanate, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, carbendazim, thiabendazole, aldicarb, propoxur, carbofuran, carbaryl, and methiocarb in apple-based infant foods such as apple sauces, apples and strawberries, apples and blueberries, and apples and plums. Data acquisition under MS/MS was achieved by applying multiple reaction monitoring of two fragment ion transitions to provide a high degree of sensitivity and selectivity for both quantification and confirmation. LC/ESI-MS/MS quantitative results were significantly affected by matrices, and thus, the standard addition was employed to compensate for the matrix effects to achieve the best accuracy of the method. Recoveries of 13 pesticides, spiked at 5.0, 25.0, and 45.0 microg/kg, were around 100% using the LC/ESI-MS/MS standard addition. The method detection limits (S/N > or = 3:1) of 13 pesticides were less than 0.2 microg/kg. 相似文献
4.
García-Reyes JF Ortega-Barrales P Molina-Díaz A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(26):9874-9878
In this work, a single flow injection multicommuted system using solid-surface fluorescence spectroscopy has been explored for the determination of diphenylamine in apples and pears. The native fluorescence signal of diphenylamine retained on the solid support (C18 silica gel) was used for its determination (lambda(exc)/lambda(em) 291/372 nm). The sample treatment consists of a liquid-liquid extraction with acetonitrile followed by a cleanup step using primary-secondary amines. The use of a continuous flow assembly implementing multicommutation, based on a set of three-way solenoid valves controlled by appropriate software, provides the automatic control of sample, carrier, and eluting solution with remarkable advantages in relation to conventional flow injection approaches. Using an optimized sampling time, the proposed method was linear in the range 0.25-5 mg kg(-1) with a detection limit of 0.06 mg kg(-1) and RSD (percent) values better than 3%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of diphenylamine in different apple and pear samples fortified at different concentrations, and recoveries between 78 and 104% were found. The results obtained illustrate the usefulness of the proposed method for the screening and evaluation of postharvest treatment of crops possibly containing diphenylamine. 相似文献
5.
Holland D Larkov O Bar-Ya'akov I Bar E Zax A Brandeis E Ravid U Lewinsohn E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(18):7198-7203
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars differ in their aroma and composition of volatile acetates in their fruit flesh and peel. Cv. Fuji flesh contains substantial levels of 2-methyl butyl acetate (fruity banana-like odor), while the flesh of cv. Granny Smith apples lacks this compound. Granny Smith apples accumulate mainly hexyl acetate (apple-pear odor) in their peel. Feeding experiments indicated that Fuji apples were able to convert hexanol and 2-methyl butanol to their respective acetate derivatives in vivo, while Granny Smith apples could only convert exogenous hexanol to hexyl acetate. Differential substrate specificities of the in vitro acetyl-CoA:alcohol acetyl transferase (AAT) activities were also detected among cultivars. In Granny Smith apples, the AAT activity was detected only in the peel, and its specificity was almost exclusively restricted to hexanol and cis-3-hexenol. In Fuji apples, the AAT activity was detected in both peel and flesh and apparently accepted a broader range of alcohols as substrates than the Granny Smith enzyme activity. Our data strongly suggest that different AAT activities are operational in apple tissues and cultivars and that these differences contribute to the variation observed in the accumulation of volatile acetates. 相似文献
6.
基于平滑轮廓对称轴法的苹果目标采摘点定位方法 总被引：1，自引：5，他引：1
果实采摘点的精确定位是采摘机器人必须解决的关键问题。鉴于苹果目标具有良好对称性的特点,利用转动惯量所具有的平移、旋转不变性及其在对称轴方向取得极值的特性,提出了一种基于轮廓对称轴法的苹果目标采摘点定位方法。为了解决分割后苹果目标边缘不够平滑而导致定位精度偏低的问题,提出了一种苹果目标轮廓平滑方法。为了验证算法的有效性,对随机选取的20幅无遮挡的单果苹果图像分别利用轮廓平滑和未进行轮廓平滑的算法进行试验,试验结果表明,未进行轮廓平滑算法的平均定位误差为20.678°,而轮廓平滑后算法平均定位误差为4.542°,比未进行轮廓平滑算法平均定位误差降低了78.035%,未进行轮廓平滑算法的平均运行时间为10.2ms,而轮廓平滑后算法的平均运行时间为7.5ms,比未进行轮廓平滑算法平均运行时间降低了25.839%,表明平滑轮廓算法可以提高定位精度和运算效率。利用平滑轮廓对称轴算法可以较好地找到苹果目标的对称轴并实现采摘点定位,表明将该方法应用于苹果目标的对称轴提取及采摘点定位是可行的。 相似文献
7.
基于图像特征融合的苹果在线分级方法 总被引：8，自引：7，他引：1
苹果在线分级是提升苹果商品化价值的重要环节,需要同时满足分级准确度和速度要求。为进一步提高苹果在线分级效率,该文借助机器视觉技术动态采集苹果传输过程中的实时图像,提出改进的三层Canny边缘检测算法来提取苹果轮廓以克服采集图像中的光线噪声影响,通过分析苹果分级指标,采用判别树对苹果的果径、缺陷面积、色泽等特征进行初步分级判断,并采用粒子群参数优化的支持向量机对果形、果面纹理、颜色分布等特征进行模型构建与分级,最后,通过将两种分级判断结果进行决策融合来实现样本精确分级。同时,采取图像压缩和特征降维方法提高实时性。试验结果表明,基于图像特征决策融合的苹果分级准确率可达到95%,平均分级速率可达到4个/s。研究结果为水果的在线分级提供参考。 相似文献
8.
Determination of daminozide in apples by gas chromatography/chemical ionization mass spectrometry 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
C H Liu G C Mattern G M Singer J D Rosen 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1989,72(6):984-986
A method using gas chromatography/chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC/CIMS) for the determination of daminozide residues in apples has been developed. Daminozide was separated from the sample matrix by water extraction and cation exchange, converted to the methyl ester by treatment with HCl-methanol, and determined by GC/CIMS using succinonitrile as an internal standard. The detection level was 0.05 ppm. Recoveries were 92-104% from apples spiked at the 0.05-0.5 ppm levels. Of the 25 apple samples analyzed, only 2 were positive for daminozide (1.04 and 0.32 ppm). 相似文献
9.
基于凸壳理论的遮挡苹果目标识别与定位方法 总被引：9，自引：8，他引：1
为实现受果树枝叶遮挡、果实间相互遮挡的果实目标识别,该文提出了一种基于凸壳理论的遮挡苹果目标识别方法。该方法首先将图像由RGB颜色空间转换至L*a*b*颜色空间,并利用K-means聚类算法将图像分为树叶、枝条和果实3个类别,然后利用形态学方法对果实目标进行处理,得到目标边缘并进行轮廓跟踪,接着利用目标边缘的凸壳提取连续光滑的轮廓曲线,最后估计该光滑曲线段的圆心及半径参数,实现遮挡果实的定位。为了验证该算法的有效性,利用Hough圆拟合算法进行了对比试验,试验结果表明,该方法的平均定位误差为4.28%,低于Hough圆拟合方法的平均定位误差16.3%,该方法显著提高了目标定位的精度,能够有效识别遮挡苹果。 相似文献
10.
Hubert B Baron A Le Quere JM Renard CM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(13):5118-5122
The polyphenol contents and colors of cider apple juices were compared before (NCM, not clarified must) and after five clarification treatments: enzymatic depectinization by pectinases followed by (i) sedimentation (depectinized and decanted juice), (ii) tangential microfiltration (microfiltered juice) or (iii) fining using gelatin (gelatin-treated juice); (iv) enzymatic gelification of pectin by pectin methylesterase followed by natural keeving by a cider manufacturer (producer keeved juice), or (v) flotation (floated with nitrogen gas juice). The pressing of the apples led to the highly selective extraction of the flavan-3-ols with the lowest molecular weights: In the apples, the number average degree of polymerization of the flavanols was 14.7, and it dropped to 2.2 in the NCM. Keeving had the highest impact on the reduction of both flavanol content and number average degree of polymerization. The flavanol concentrations were decreased in the permeate by fining (30%) much more than by depectinization. The clarification step led to a further decrease of the number average degree of polymerization. Hydroxycinnamic acids were less affected by the extraction process (with extraction yields >50%) and not affected by clarification. The color evolved with all treatments: L*, a*, b*, and chromaticity distance index measures indicated a reduction of orange-yellow saturation except after sedimentation. 相似文献
11.
为实现苹果可溶性固形物含量的无损检测，该研究提出了一种长短期记忆编解码和多层感知机（LSTMED-MLP,long short-term memory encoder-decoder-multi-layer perceptron）融合的介电特征预测方法。在0.158～3 980 kHz频率范围内的9个频率点下，采用介电谱测量仪获取300个富士苹果的电学参数，其中每个频率点对应15项电学参数，即每个苹果对应135项电学特性参数，之后通过苹果基因组学理化分析方法，获取可溶性固形物含量；根据电学参数与可溶性固形物含量，构建苹果关键基因组学参数的回归预测模型。为简化模型输入，提取样本变量特征，使用主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）和LSTMED模型，提取每个样本的40项特征值，作为非线性回归模型多层感知机（MLP）和XGBoost的输入，建立可溶性固形物含量预测模型。试验结果表明，LSTMED具有更好的适用性，且LSTMED-MLP模型的预测效果最好，在校正集和预测集上，决定系数分别为0.95和0.90，均方根误差分别为0.77和0.84，且对不同种... 相似文献
12.
陕西红富士苹果气候品质指标及认证技术 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
利用2016年和2017年陕西红富士主栽县11个定点采样果园物候及品质调查数据,采用多元逐步回归法和加权求和法,建立苹果单项气候品质指标模型、果品气候品质分级指标及果品气候品质评价指数,以期为开展陕西红富士苹果气候品质认证提供科学依据。结果表明：陕西红富士苹果单果重、硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量与膨大期降水量、幼果期日较差、着色成熟期平均最低气温及着色成熟期降水量呈显著正相关关系（P＜0.05）,果径与全生长季平均气温呈显著负相关关系（P＜0.05）;特优级红富士苹果的气候品质指标为幼果期日较差＞7.9℃,膨大期降水量≥134.9mm,着色成熟期平均最低气温≥6.1℃,着色成熟期降水量≤79mm,全生长季平均气温≤17.5℃;陕西红富士苹果气候品质评价指数CQEI的预测准确率为86.7%,可用于实际认证业务。 相似文献
13.
针对轻微霉心病和健康苹果光谱差异较小,致使基于可见/近红外特征光谱的检测方法对轻微霉心病检测准确率较低的问题。该研究将光谱形态特征与光谱特征融合的方法引入霉心病模型构建,建立了融合光谱形态特征的判别模型。以215个苹果可见/近红外光谱为样本,分析了不同预处理和特征提取组合对建模效果的影响,并完成了光谱特征的提取;分析健康果和霉心病苹果平均光谱的差异性,提取波峰、波谷等差异明显的光谱形态特征点,对比波段比、波段差和归一化强度差三类形态特征获取方法;最终建立光谱形态特征参数和光谱特征融合的苹果霉心病模型。试验结果表明,归一化预处理后提取的特征光谱和归一化强度差形态特征融合后模型判别准确率最高,在支持向量机模型中训练集、测试集判别准确率分别为98.6%和96.3%。特别是当发病程度小于10%时,该研究的判别模型准确率高于95%,表明通过融合光谱形态特征可以提升轻微病变霉心苹果的判别准确率。 相似文献
14.
苹果中有机氯农药残留的超声波去除条件优化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
中国是世界苹果第一生产大国,但中国苹果出口仅占世界贸易量的不足10%,其主要制约因素是安全性,其中农药残留是主要原因之一。论文采用响应曲面法对超声波去除苹果中有机氯农药残留的工艺条件（功率、时间、温度）及其交互作用进行了优化,并就超声波处理对苹果主要品质指标的影响进行了分析。结果表明：超声波去除苹果中有机氯农药残留的适宜工艺参数为：超声波功率为609.16 W,时间为70.46 min,温度为15.45℃,去除率可达到64.32%;超声波处理对苹果的硬度没有显著性影响;对苹果的总糖、总酸具有一定的显著性影响,但没有超出国家标准及主要出口国苹果标准的要求。超声波处理简单快速,能有效去除苹果中有机氯农药的残留,极大提高苹果的安全性,很容易和现有鲜果清洗、分级、打蜡生产线耦合链接,其产业化应用前景极为广阔。 相似文献
15.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(11):1087-1103
Abstract An automated turbidimetric method has been developed for the rapid and accurate determination of sulfate. The method is practical and useful for accurately measuring total sulfur in plant tissues, and extractable sulfate in soils. The principle of intermittent reagent addition is used which eliminates drift and sensitivity changes caused by coating of BaSO4 on tubing and cell walls. Also, the appropriate chemistry is used to minimize interactions of the wash with the sample at a sampling rate of 30/H. The sensitivity of the method is excellent with a working range of 0 to 15 ppm sulfur for soils. For plant digests the sample solutions are diluted to 0–35 ppm S. The precision as determined by repeated analysis of a soil sample extract was 0.58% RSD with a mean of 9.26 pg/g extractable SO= 4‐S. On another soil sample using a different extractant and extraction procedure the RSD was 0.64%, mean of 9.26 μg/g. Multiple automated sulfur analyses on a plant tissue digest resulted in an RSD of 0.41% for a sample containing 0.21% S. The automated turbidimetric method for sulfate has excellent precision and sensitivity in plant tissue and soil analyses where gravimetric BaSO4 assays are not practical. 相似文献
16.
基于声振信号对称极坐标图像的苹果霉心病早期检测 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为实现苹果早期霉心病较高精度的检测,该研究采用对称极坐标法（Symmetrized Dot Pattern,SDP）将苹果声振信号变换为雪花图,然后采用AlexNet、VGG16和ResNet50卷积神经网络以迁移学习方式深度挖掘SDP雪花图像的特征信息,将其输入到支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）分类器,对霉心程度≤7%的苹果进行检测。研究结果表明,当时间间隔系数为25和角度放大因子为50°时,健康果与早期霉心果声振信号的SDP图形状特征差异最大,在此条件下获取的SDP图经卷积神经网络AlexNet、VGG16和ResNet50提取特征并构建了不同核函数的SVM霉心果检测模型,在各类SVM模型中,ResNet50-SVM-gaus（高斯基）模型用相对较少的训练时间和参数量可取得训练集霉心果较高分类准确率,经超参数优化训练该模型对健康果和早期霉心果测试集不平衡样本（10∶1）的总体分类准确率达到96.97%,平均查准率、平均查全率、平均加权调和均值、Kappa系数和马修斯相关系数值分别为80.19%、90.36%、86.21%,82.54%和82.68%,该模型不仅对多数类的健康果保持较高分类准确率,而且对少数类的早期霉心果也具有较高判别能力。这些研究结果为声振法应用于果蔬内部病害的早期在线检测系统研发提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
17.
基于高光谱成像的苹果轻微损伤检测有效波长选取 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5
为了确定可用于苹果早期轻微损伤检测的有效波长,以具有代表性的阿克苏苹果为研究对象,采用高光谱成像技术和分段主成分分析方法对损伤发生仅为半小时之内的苹果进行损伤检测研究,对比分析不同光谱区域主成分分析对识别结果的影响,优选出识别光谱区域(780～1000nm)。基于此光谱区域结合主成分图像权重系数获取2个有效波长(820和970nm),并利用这2个波长和全局阈值理论开发了多光谱轻微损伤提取算法。利用独立测试集中25个正常苹果和25个损伤苹果对算法的性能进行评估,结果表明,正常果的识别率为100%,损伤果的识别率为96%,整体检测精度为98%。该研究所获得的有效波长可为开发基于多光谱成像技术的苹果损伤检测系统提供参考。 相似文献
18.
Füzfai Z Katona ZF Kovács E Molnár-Perl I 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(25):7444-7452
Our gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method--developed for the simultaneous quantitation of mono-, di-, and trisaccharides, sugar alcohols, caboxylic and amino acids, measured as their trimethylsilyl-(oxime) ether/ester derivatives, from one solution by a single injection, prepared in the presence of the fruit matrix--has been extended/utilized for special purposes. The compositions of (i) freshly harvested and stored sour cherries (Prunus cerasus), (ii) apples obtained from organic and integrated productions (Malus domestica), and (iii) green and ripe bers (Zizyphus mauritiana L.) were compared. On the basis of earlier, basic researches (derivatization, quantitation, and fragmentation studies of authentic compounds), we demonstrate the reproducible quantitation of the main and minor constituents in a wide concentration range (approximately 1 x 10(-)(3) to >/=40%, in total up to < or =98%, calculated on dry matter basis of the fruit matrices). Reproducibility of quantitations, calculated on the basis of their total ion current values, provided an average reproducibility of 3.3 (sour cherries), 6.2 (apple), and 4.3 (ber) RSD %, respectively. 相似文献
19.
Zhao P Wang L Jiang Y Zhang F Pan C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(16):4026-4033
A method for analysis of 37 pesticide residues in tea samples was developed and validated and was based on reversed-dispersive solid-phase extraction (r-DSPE) cleanup in acetonitrile solution, followed by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry determination. Green tea, oolong tea, and puer tea were selected as matrixes and represent the majority of tea types. Acetonitrile was used as the extraction solvent, with sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate enhancing partitioning of analytes into the organic phase. The extract was then cleaned up by r-DSPE using a mixture of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, primary secondary amine, and graphitized carbon black as sorbents to absorb interferences. Further optimization of sample preparation and determination allowed recoveries of between 70% and 111% for all 37 pesticides with relative standard deviations lower than 14% at two concentration levels of 10 and 100 μg kg(-1). Limits of quantification ranged from 5 to 20 μg kg(-1) for all pesticides. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of pesticide residues in market tea samples. 相似文献
20.
基于特征光谱的苹果霉心病无损检测设备设计 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
针对现有农产品内部品质无损检测多采用宽波段光谱技术,集成应用光谱仪与计算机完成品质分析,存在成本高、能耗大、分析过程复杂以及光谱信息冗余等问题。该文结合苹果霉心病在果心发病的特征,采用透射光谱检测方式,设计实现了基于窄带LED光源与光敏二极管的苹果霉心病无损检测设备。通过霉心病发病特征的分析可得果径和特征光谱波段的透射强度是进行霉心病检测的关键影响因素,设计光谱特性试验,对多组宽波段光谱数据采用相关性分析法得到特征光谱波段为690～730 nm。设计果径与透射光谱信息采集的基础平台,该平台包括LED光源及其驱动模块、光电转换与检测模块以及基于丝杠滑台组件与限位传感器的果径在线测量模块;采用基础平台对样品进行数据获取,以果径与透射光谱强度值为输入,建立基于误差反向传播网络的霉心病判别模型。结果表明,采用该文所述测试试验样本进行验证,设备判别准确率达到95.83%。该研究结果表明,基于特征光谱采用 LED 光源的霉心病无损检测方法是可行的,可为其他果品内部病害的检测提供借鉴思路。 相似文献