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1.
[目的]研究提高多花山矾（Symplocos ramosissima）插穗生根率和生根质量的方法。[方法]以大理多花山矾枝条为材料,探讨不同生长调节剂、育苗基质对扦插苗生根和移植生长的影响,并筛选出扦插苗苗期适宜基肥施用量,以提高扦插苗移植的成活率。[结果]扦插前将穗条在ABT 400 mg/L+IAA 200 mg/L的混合溶液中浸蘸30 s,可以获得较好的成活率和生根效果。选取66.7%园土+33.3%椰糠混合基质进行移植,可促进多花山矾扦插苗的成活以及生长。适合多花山矾扦插苗的基肥施用最佳方案为复合肥2 g/株+复合生物菌剂1 g/株。[结论]研究得出适宜多花山矾扦插苗成活及生长的生长调节剂、育苗基质及基肥,可为多花山矾苗木生产提供良好的技术支撑。 相似文献
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[目的]为满足城乡绿化、美化的需要,对枫香进行不同基质扦插试验研究。、[方法]通过对6种不同基质（栽培基质与生根粉）的扦插对比试验,找出最经济、扦插生活率最高的的快繁技术、[结果]扦插基质为蛭石、ABT2号生根粉300mg／kg中浸30min处理的枫香苗扦插成活率最高。[结论]以蛭石为扦插基质,ABT2号生根粉处理后的扦插苗成活率较高,可为枫香扦插研究提供参考。 相似文献
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六棱景天组织培养与快速繁殖研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以六棱景天的盆栽苗为材料,建立无菌体系,比较不同激素组合、基本培养基、光质光强、琼脂浓度等条件对芽苗增殖、生根的影响及不同移栽基质对移栽成活率的影响。结果表明:MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L+6-BA1.0 mg/L培养基可诱导六棱景天茎段腋芽萌动,并形成丛生芽;增殖的最佳激素配比为NAA 0.1 mg/L+6-BA2.0 mg/L;以MS为基本培养,附加0.8%的琼脂可减少组培苗的白化和玻璃化现象,获得健壮丛生芽;光质对芽苗的增殖生长有较大影响,红光、蓝光和白光均促进芽苗的增殖和生长,其中以红光的效果最为显著,绿光最差;最佳生根培养基为1/4 MS+NAA 0.05 mg/L+IBA 0.01 mg/L,光强为1 000 lx时最利于六棱景天的生根壮苗,移栽成活率以1/2蛭石+1/2泥炭的基质为最高,达84.39%。 相似文献
4.
冀西北高寒区微型薯高效生产技术研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验研究了在冀西北高寒区冷凉气候条件下脱毒微型薯的高效生产技术。在国内首次提出了单次无损害重复收获与选择采摘结合培“土”技术 ,使单位面积结薯数量提高 2 1 6 %～ 16 9 2 %。同时筛选出提高脱毒扦插苗成活率的生根液最佳组合NAA2 0mg/L +IBA2 0mg/L +GA36mg/L +6 BA2mg/L及成本较低的栽培基质 1/ 2河沙 +1/ 2珍珠岩。并在 10～ 11月霜冻期进行了地沟式拱棚生产微型薯的可行性试验 ,增加了微型薯生产周期数 相似文献
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为探究温室条件下工业大麻扦插苗栽培的最优基质和营养液配方,进而为工业大麻扦插苗规模化无土栽培提供理论依据。于2021年在长春市农业博览园温室下设置4种栽培基质(泥炭Z1、岩棉Z2、珍珠岩Z3和椰糠Z4)和3种营养液处理(M1、M2、M3),研究栽培基质种类和营养液配方对工业大麻扦插苗营养生长特性、基质温湿度及花叶产量的影响。结果表明,基质和营养液耦合对基质温度无显著影响,基质的湿度为泥炭>椰糠>珍珠岩>岩棉;椰糠+营养液1处理(Z4M1)的工业大麻扦插苗花叶产量、茎粗、植株干物质积累量及开花前后的干物质积累速率均最高。在营养生长期和成熟期,工业大麻扦插苗的干物质积累速率和分配比例均表现为根系最低,茎秆次之,叶片最高。成熟期的工业大麻扦插苗花叶产量与植株干物质积累量、叶绿素含量、叶片含氮量、株高、茎粗和分枝数呈极显著正相关,与土壤温度及土壤湿度无相关性。试验发现,椰糠+营养液1为工业大麻扦插苗温室栽培的最适基质和营养液组合。 相似文献
6.
宫粉紫荆容器扦插育苗技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择3种不同基质、生长在母树3种不同部位的穗条和5个吲哚乙酸浓度梯度,对宫粉紫荆扦插育苗进行研究。结果表明,采用黄心土基质进行扦插育苗,宫粉紫荆扦插苗成活率最高;生长在母树中部的穗条进行扦插,成活率极显著高于生长于上部以及下部的穗条;吲哚乙酸在300 mg/L浓度以下对扦插苗成活率有明显的提升,但浓度过高产生抑制作用,降低成活率。 相似文献
7.
以红杆铁皮石斛种子为外植体,进行组织培养快繁及移栽技术研究。采用对比试验研究不同培养基、激素浓度配比、基本培养基对铁皮石斛原球茎增殖、分化和生根壮苗的影响,并研究驯化时间与移栽基质对铁皮石斛移栽的影响。结果表明,MS+10％马铃薯泥+20％香蕉泥＋20 g/L蔗糖+6 g/L琼脂最适合铁皮石斛原球茎增殖;MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+3.0 mg/L BA+20 g/L蔗糖+6 g/L琼脂+200 ml/L椰汁最适合原球茎分化;1/2MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+15％香蕉泥+20 g/L蔗糖+6 g/L琼脂最适合铁皮石斛壮苗生根;驯化28 d的铁皮石斛移栽成活率最高,达96%;以松树皮∶椰糠∶石头=1∶1∶1为栽培基质,对其苗长势最佳。 相似文献
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不同处理对北方茶树扦插成活率的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对北方茶树扦插苗扦插时间、扦插基质、激素处理的研究发现,在北方早秋扦插成活率达80.78%,高于晚秋季6个百分点;心土扦插圃比沙质圃的成活率高20%,心土扦插处理的茶苗光合速率、细胞间隙CO2浓度高于沙质圃扦插处理,激素处理过的茶树扦插苗效果明显. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
14.
Whereas the concept that availability of resources drives seed production is sound in principle, it is incomplete as there are many solutions to the allocation of resources that derive from the trade-off between number and size. This paper examines evolutionary aspects of this trade-off in annual grain crops. The analysis is centred on the working hypotheses that, for a given species and environment, allocation of resources to reproduction involves (H1) high plasticity in seed number, which allows for variable resource availability, and (H2) a relatively narrow range of seed size that results from evolutionary and agronomic selection. Comparisons between crops and fish are used to highlight common evolutionary elements in taxa where parents provide little or no care to their offspring, with the consequence that both number and early survival of offspring, hence fitness of parents, are partially related to embryo size and reserves.
The plasticity of seed number in relation to availability of resources is analysed against the established relationship between offspring number and parent growth rate during critical stages. The notion that seed size is under stabilising selection is analysed against three conditions: (1) mean seed size is conservative for a given species and environment, (2) seed size affects fitness, and (3) seed size is heritable. Databases from published papers were compiled to analyse the relative variability of seed size and number, and the heritability of seed size. Evidence for and against the link between seed size and parental fitness is revised using the Smith–Fretwell model as framework (Am. Nat., 108, 499–506).
The proposal of high plasticity of seed number and narrow variability of seed size resulting from stabilising natural selection is generally consistent with evolutionary and genetic considerations. Agronomic selection may have reinforced natural selection leading to relatively narrow seed size in species such as wheat and soybean, where cultivated types retained high plasticity for seed number. In contrast, selection for one or few inflorescences in crops like sunflower and maize may have morphologically reduced seed number plasticity and increased variability of seed size and its responsiveness to resource availability in relation to their wild ancestors. 相似文献
15.
Yanhua Lu Chongwei Zhang Peter Bucheli Dongzhi Wei 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2006,61(2):55-63
Flavonoids-enriched tissues of citrus such as peel, immature fruit and flower are consumed as culinary seasonings, tea ingredients in China for centuries. This HPLC quantitative study on the five citrus flavonoids, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, sinensetin and nobiletin on a wide range of Chinese citrus fruits and several Traditional Chinese Medicinal food ingredients in East China, revealed a great diversity in flavonoid composition. Huyou peel (C. paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou) was found to be the best naringin (3.25%) and neohesperidin (2.76%) source; C. aurantium, a major ingredient of several citrus-related TCM, is also a suitable source of naringin and neohesperidin, and a good juice source for flavanone glycosides; the peel of Wenzhoumiju (C. unshiu) is one of the richest local species in hesperidin (up to 6.25%); Zaoju (C. subcompressa) has the highest content of nobiletin (0.59%), a polymethoxylated flavone. LC-ES-MS analysis of Zanthoxylum genus for flavonoids revealed for the first time the presence of significant amounts (0.74%) of hesperidin in the root of Liangmianzhen (Z. nitidum (Roxb.) DC), a relative of Sichuan pepper, which is a spice widely used in China. 相似文献
16.
Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):379-400
Summary Heterocyclic 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones and related benzox-azolinones are important natural products of the cereal crops maize, wheat and rye. Much research has focused on the role of these compounds as defensive agents against plant diseases and pests. Studies of a wide variety of biological effects on herbivores and nematodes, plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria are reviewed in this article. Phytotoxic activity of the compounds is also considered with respect to allelopathic interaction with higher plants. Recent investigations of molecular aspects of interactions of cyclic hydroxamic acids and related benzoxazo-linones with acceptor organisms have demonstrated different effective detoxification strategies and tolerance mechanisms. This research has greatly advanced our knowledge about the multiple roles that these allelochemicals play in ecological systems. 相似文献
18.
Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part I: Influence of ultra-fine grinding 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Youna Hemery Marc Chaurand Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Vieno Piironen Abdelkrim Sadoudi Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is an undervalued by-product of white flour and has great nutritional potential due to its high content in fibres and bioactive compounds. Micronized bran could be used as a food ingredient to improve the nutritional potential of cereal products, or be used as a starting material for other processes (bioactive compound extraction or bran fractionation). The aim of this work was to find a way to efficiently decrease the particle size of bran. The influence of the grinding temperature (ambient or cryogenic grinding) on the granulometric distribution of particles, their composition, and their microstructure was studied, at lab-scale and pilot-scale. It showed that the intrinsic characteristics of bran (glass transition within intermediate layers at −46 °C) had more influence on its grinding behaviour than the type of grinding device used: the particles size distributions obtained after grinding at lab-scale and pilot-scale were very similar. At both scales, the granulometric curves were narrow for cryogenic grinding, while for ambient grinding they were spread over the whole particle size range. Ultrafine particles were obtained in both ambient and cryogenic conditions. Negative temperatures, by increasing the material’s brittleness, favoured a fast fragmentation of bran: one step of cryogenic grinding allowed a median particle size of nearly 50 μm to be reached, whereas three successive steps of ambient grinding were needed for the same result. On the other hand, ambient temperature favoured the dissociation of the different constituent layers of wheat bran, and produced less composite particles than cryogenic grinding. 相似文献
19.
Multiple use of plants: Studies on selenium incorporation in some agricultural species for the production of organic selenium compounds 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The technique of spraying plants with inorganic forms of selenium can be employed for phytochemical production of organic selenium compounds. Fractionation of the plant material makes it possible to produce a highly concentrated and well defined selenium supplement with potential use in animal and human nutrition. The fractionation also gives opportunities to combine production of organic selenium compounds with other products, for example plant fibres. Multiple use of plants can contribute to a more efficient utilization of land area (in comparison to monocultures solely adapted to food production). It also gives the opportunity to develop systems suitable for long term fixation of carbon, as long as the plant material is not reoxidised to carbon dioxide. Plant fibres could provide raw material for the production of paper or building materials in combination with the production of organic selenium compounds preferentially accumulated in another fraction of the processed plant. 相似文献
20.
Summary
Macrosiphum euphorbiae, collected in the field from potato plants infected with potato leafroll virus (PLRV), transmitted the virus to fewer potato
plants in a field trial than did laboratory-rearedMyzus persicae. In the laboratory,M. persicae was the only efficient vector of PLRV fromPhysalis floridana seedlings, potato sprouts or excised leaves toP. floridana. Two clones ofM. euphorbiae and one clone ofAulacorthum solani transmitted PLRV from infected potato plants toNicotiana clevelandii as effeciently asM. persicae but a clone ofAphis gossypii was an inefficient PLRV vector. An isolate of PLRV, whichM. persicae transmitted inefficiently from potato toN. clevelandii, was also transmitted inefficiently byM. euphorbiae andA. solani. 相似文献