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为有效控制茭白胡麻叶斑病,筛选出安全高效药剂,利用市场上7种主流药剂对胡麻叶斑病进行田间试验。试验结果表明:连续用药2次14 d后,250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油防治效果最好,平均防治效果达85.85%,且持效期较长;80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂、300 g/L苯甲·丙环唑乳油和50%异菌脲悬浮剂防治效果稍好,平均防治效果均在73%以上,其中80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂平均防治效果接近80%,且80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂和50%异菌脲悬浮剂药后14 d内发挥稳定,表现出较长的持效性。在生产上,建议在未发病或发病初期,首选吡唑醚菌酯、代森锰锌或其复配制剂,异菌脲可作为轮换药剂备用。 相似文献
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采用6种杀菌剂对西瓜炭疽病进行田间药效试验。3次药后试验结果表明:50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂和25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油效果最好,防效在73%以上;10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和25%溴菌腈可湿性粉剂防效次之,防效在67%以上;50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂和80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂防效较差,防效为50%左右。药剂处理后,50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂、25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油和对照,中心可溶性固形物含量分别为11.8%、12.0%、9.8%;两种药剂比对照分别增产30.96%、28.26%,增产效果显著。因此,推荐50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂和25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油为目前防治西瓜炭疽病的理想药剂。 相似文献
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试验对生产上常用的14种杀菌剂进行了田间试验。试验得知：40%菌核净可湿性粉剂、50%乙烯菌核利可湿性粉剂、65%多菌灵.乙霉威可湿性粉剂防治效果较好;50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂、25%苯菌灵可湿性粉剂、70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂、20%丙硫咪唑悬浮剂、25%吡唑醚菌酯（凯润）乳油、50%福美双可湿性粉剂、80%敌菌丹（大富丹）可湿性粉剂、75%百菌清可湿性粉剂防治效果次之;50%醚菌酯（翠贝）干悬浮剂、77%硫酸铜钙盐、80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂较差。建议生产上用40%菌核净可湿性粉剂、50%乙烯菌核利可湿性粉剂、65%多菌灵.乙霉威可湿性粉剂1500倍液。 相似文献
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为了验证生产上常用的杀菌剂对苹果轮纹病的防治效果,在10年生的红富士树上进行了田间药效试验。经试验得知：40％菌核净可湿性粉剂、50％乙烯菌核利可湿性粉剂、65％多菌灵·乙霉威可湿性粉剂防治效果较好;50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂、25％苯菌灵可湿性粉剂、70％甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂、20Voo丙硫咪唑悬浮剂、25％吡唑醚菌酯（凯润）乳油、50％福美双可湿性粉剂、80％敌菌丹（大富丹）可湿性粉剂、75％百菌清可湿性粉剂防治效果次之;50％醚菌酯（翠贝）干悬浮剂;77％硫酸铜钙盐、80％代森锰锌可湿性粉剂较差。建议生产上用40％菌核净可湿性粉剂、50％乙烯菌核利可湿性粉剂、65％多菌灵·乙霉威可湿性粉剂1500倍液。 相似文献
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通过田间试验评价20%烯肟菌胺·戊唑醇对苹果病害的综合治理能力。20%烯肟菌胺·戊唑醇悬浮剂对苹果斑点落叶病有很好的防治效果,优于生产常规使用的50%异菌脲可湿性粉剂、12.5%腈菌唑乳油及50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂。处理剂量100～200 g a.i./hm~2。对苹果白粉病的防治效果达到90%以上,优于同类进口药剂25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂、50%醚菌酯干悬浮剂、15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂。对采收期和贮藏期苹果轮纹病的防治效果优于50%醚菌酯干悬浮剂、多菌灵、代森锰锌推荐剂量。对苹果树主要病害具有很好的综合控制能力。 相似文献
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测定杧果胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.对13种杀菌剂的毒力及田间防治效果。结果表明:450g/L咪鲜胺水乳剂对胶孢炭疽菌室内抑菌效果最好,EC50小于0.01mg/L,250g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油、50%氟啶胺悬浮剂、50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂和12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂的EC_(50)均小于1mg/L,对胶孢炭疽菌具有较好抑菌效果。450g/L咪鲜胺水乳剂1 500倍液、250g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油1 250倍液、50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂1 000倍液、12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂2000倍液、250g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂1 250倍液、50%氟啶胺悬浮剂1 500倍液和70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂1 000倍液等7种药剂可相对有效地控制杧果炭疽病发生,防效为57.57%~65.57%。 相似文献
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为筛选由小孢拟盘多毛孢菌Pestalotiopsis microspora引起的柑桔黄斑落叶病的防治药剂,2014年通过室内菌丝生长速率法、孢子萌发法及田间药效试验评价了几种药剂的效果。结果表明,在室内,25%咪鲜胺乳油、80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、80%乙蒜素乳油、25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油等药剂均能完全抑制小孢拟盘多毛孢菌的菌丝生长,25%咪鲜胺乳油、25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、80%乙蒜素乳油和25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油等药剂均能完全抑制小孢拟盘多毛孢菌的孢子萌发。在田间,25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油250或175mg/L单用,25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油250mg/L与99%矿物油乳油(2 973或4 950mg/L)混用,60%吡唑醚菌酯·代森联水分散粒剂400mg/L的表现较好,防治效果均在96%以上,可在生产中应用。 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden. 相似文献
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AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β-particles emission from 188Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by 188Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [3H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of 188Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from 188 Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G0/G1 arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation. 相似文献
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AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration. 相似文献
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GONG Yong-sheng LI Ji-wu YANG Peng-lin FAN Xiao-fang HU Liang-gang ZHENG Lü-zhen JIANG Zhong-sun 《园艺学报》2003,19(9):1261-1264
AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling. 相似文献
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AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α1-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α1-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α1-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α1-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(3):101-120
Abstract Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(1):139-156
Abstract This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality. 相似文献
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Habitat for wide-ranging species should be addressed at multiple scales to fully understand factors that limit populations.
The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), a threatened seabird, forages on the ocean and nests inland in large trees. We developed statistical relationships between
murrelet use (occupancy and abundance) and habitat variables quantified across many spatial scales (statewide to local) and
two time periods in California and southern Oregon, USA. We also addressed (1) if old-growth forest fragmentation was negatively
associated with murrelet use, and (2) if some nesting areas are more important than others due to their proximity to high
quality marine habitat. Most landscapes used for nesting were restricted to low elevation areas with frequent fog. Birds were
most abundant in unfragmented old-growth forests located within a matrix of mature second-growth forest. Murrelets were less
likely to occupy old-growth habitat if it was isolated (> 5 km) from other nesting murrelets. We found a time lag in response
to fragmentation, where at least a few years were required before birds abandoned fragmented forests. Compared to landscapes
with little tono murrelet use, landscapes with many murrelets were closer to the ocean's bays, river mouths, sandy shores,
submarine canyons, and marine waters with consistently high primary productivity. Within local landscapes (≤ 800ha), inland
factors limited bird abundance, but at the broadest landscape scale studied (3200 ha), proximity to marine habitat was most
limiting. Management should focus on protecting or creating large, contiguous old-growth forest stands, especially in low-elevation
areas near productive marine habitat.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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ZENG Qing JIN Xian-rong WANG Di-xun HONG Zhi-gang HAO Tian-ling XIONG Zong-bin SUN Bing-yong 《园艺学报》2001,17(7):614-617
AIM: To detect the role of cyclic nucleotides in the alleviation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in chronic hypoxic animals. METHODS: The intracellular cAMP and cGMP of the cultured porcine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and endothelial cells (PAEC) were assayed by RIA. The length of single PASMC during acute hypoxia was measured by imaging analysis system. RESULTS: The basal levels of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC and cGMP in PAEC of Chronic hypoxic groups decreased remarkably compared with normoxic groups (P＜0.01). Under acute hypoxia, the contents of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC of chronic hypoxic groups increased significantly (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, the percentage of PASMC with weak constrictive response in chronic hypoxic group was higher than that of control group. CONCLUSION:It's suggested that the changes of cAMP and cGMP in chronic hypoxic PASMC and PAEC might contribute to the increase in the basic tension of pulmonary artery and the alleviation of HPV in chronic hypoxic animals. 相似文献