共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
日粮降解氮转化为瘤胃微生物氮效率影响因素的研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
用１０种不同氮源日粮（４种糊化淀粉尿素日粮、常规尿素日粮、豆饼日粮、甲醛及非甲醛新保护剂保护豆饼日粮）在５头装有瘤胃和真胃瘘管的阉牛中分别进行６×５和４×４两个拉丁方试验，用体内法测定日粮的蛋白质和有机物质的降解率、微生物蛋白质产量及瘤胃氨浓度。同时用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定蛋白质和有机物质降解率。结果表明：不同氮源日粮间降解氮转化为微生物氮的效率差异明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）：降解氮转化效率与瘤胃平均氨浓度有限高曲线负相关（ｒ＝－０．９１９２），与降解氮同体内法测定的瘤胃可消化有机物（ＲＤＯＭ）及瘤胃尼龙袋法测定的瘤胃２４小时可发酵有机物（ＦＯＭ）的比率均有同种类型的曲线负相关（ｒ＝－０．８７９６，ｒ＝－０．９０３７）。说明降解氮转化为微生物氮的效率受饲料蛋白质降解量、降解速度及降解氮与微生物可利用能平衡的影响。 相似文献
2.
甲醛保护豆饼的动态降解及其对日粮体外发酵影响的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了不同浓度甲醛保护豆饼蛋白质后对蛋白质动态降解以及日粮体外发酵的影响。结果表明,当甲醛水平为0.6g/100gCP时,蛋白质的快速降解部分减少,慢速降解部分增加,降解速度变慢。根据降解模型p=a+b(1-e~(-ct))判断,0.6％的甲醛即能增加过瘤胃蛋白30％,又不会对蛋白质过保护。用甲醛保护豆饼配合日粮时,对有机物的降解率和有机物合成微生物的效率没有显著影响(P>0.05),但是甲醛保护能使可降解氮的利用效率从0.7928提高到0.8482(P<0.05)。 相似文献
3.
饼粕类饲料蛋白质降解率的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
５头带瘤胃和真胃瘘管的绵羊饲喂由基础饲料和蛋白质补充料豆饼、芝麻粕、大豆粕、花生粕、处理豆饼、黄豆粉组成的日粮，用体内法测得７种日粮的蛋白质瘤胃降解率（％）分别为６７．８９、６９．８２、６６．５６、７０．７０、６３．０３、７２．１７、８０．０５；相应蛋白质补充料的降解率（％）为４８．３３、４９．１８、５１．２６、６０．７７、３１．７０、６８．２２。用尼龙袋法估测上述蛋白质补充料的蛋白质降解率（Ｋ＝ 相似文献
4.
饲料蛋白质在反刍动物瘤胃的降解及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于瘤胃细菌和原虫的作用,反刍动物利用蛋白质明显不同于单胃动物。饲料蛋白质进入瘤胃后,一部分被微生物降解为非蛋白氮,与饲料中原有的以及唾液中的非蛋白氮最终一起转变为氨。瘤胃微生物利用发酵生成的挥发性脂肪酸等作为碳架,并利用瘤胃发酵释放的能量(ATP)将氨合成微生物蛋白。微生物蛋白连同饲料蛋白质中的未降解部分(过瘤胃蛋白质),随着食糜流动进入真胃和小肠,被动物分泌的消化液(酶)分解为氨基酸,为动物体吸收和利用。大量研究表明,优质饲料蛋白质经过保护后,就能够满足高产反刍动物对过瘤胃蛋白质的需要,提高优质植物性蛋白质利用效率,动物的氮沉积及生产性能得到明显改善,同时根据瘤胃能氮平衡理论为在日粮中利用更多的非蛋白氮提供了可能。了解饲料蛋白质在反刍动物瘤胃的降解及其影响因素,可为制定过瘤胃蛋白质、氨基酸的技术措施提供依据。 相似文献
5.
用甲醛保护常用蛋白质饲料的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用甲醛保护剂保护豆粕，花生饼 ，菜籽饼、棉籽饼，胡麻饼，芝麻饼 ，葵花和苜蓿草粉等８种蛋白质饲料，测定它们处理前后在瘤胃的蛋白质降解率。结果表明，甲醛处理能明显降低蛋白质在瘤胃的降解率，保护效果明显，８种饲料中，甲醛对豆粕，花生饼，菜籽饼和棉籽饼的保护效果最好。 相似文献
6.
7.
为了研究日粮蛋白质补充料来源对肉牛日粮淀粉瘤胃发酵和小肠消化的影响,选择体重600kg左右的荷斯坦(Holstein)公牛3头,安装瘤胃、真胃瘘管,按3×3拉丁方实验设计分别饲喂以豆粕、全脂大豆、过瘤胃蛋白质料为蛋白质补充料来源的3种不同日粮,以三氧化二铬(Cr2O3)作真胃食糜标记物,全收粪法收集粪样,测定真胃食糜和粪中的淀粉流量及在瘤胃内、真胃后段消化道(简称肠道)的表观消化率。结果表明:日粮蛋白质补充料来源对瘤胃及全消化道的淀粉表观消化率没有显著影响(P>0.05),瘤胃和全消化道淀粉的表观消化率分别为78.65%和97.19%。 相似文献
8.
瘤胃保护性氨基酸在奶牛日粮中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
日粮中大部分蛋白质在瘤胃中被降解,而增加日粮蛋白质的饲喂量,随之会增加瘤胃内蛋白质的降解量。为了减少瘤胃内蛋白质的降解损失,曾采用各种措施提高日粮中瘤胃非降解蛋白质(UDP)的量,但过多的UDP又会影响微生物蛋白质的合成,导致进入小肠的微生物蛋白质的数量减少。蛋氨酸和赖氨酸被认为是合成乳和乳蛋白的主要限制性氨基酸,而添加游离的氨基酸在瘤胃中很快被降解,必需以某种形式加以保护,使其在瘤胃内稳定,在真胃释放,在小肠吸收。本文综述了瘤胃保护性氨基酸(RPAA)的保护形式、包被物、RPAA的作用以及影响RPAA利用效果的因素。 相似文献
9.
探索用新的蛋白质保护剂氯化锌保护豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕和胡麻粕4种饲料．用尼龙袋法测定4种饲料处理前后蛋白质的瘤胃降解率。结果表明：ZnCl2处理可以降低饲料蛋白质在瘤胃的降解率，能够保护饲料蛋白质．提高过瘤胃蛋白的数量。0．5％ZnCl2处理可降低豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕和胡麻粕蛋白质有效降解率8．2％、3．8％、14．9％和9．8％。从降解动力学分析，ZnCl2处理降低了饲料蛋白质的快速降解部分和降解速度，从而降低了蛋白质的有效降解率。 相似文献
10.
11.
生长肉鸭体蛋白周转的营养生理效应研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
选２７０只１日龄天府肉鸭，采用单因子试验设计，用同位素（Ｌ－〔４，５－＾３Ｈ〕Ｌｙｓｉｎｅ）示踪的大剂量法研究了肉鸭体蛋白周转的营养生理效应和周转代谢规律。试验结果表明：正常营养条件下，肉鸭体重、日增重、饲料利用效率与ＦＳＲ（体蛋白合成率）极显著地呈二次曲线相关（Ｒ＝１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。相对生长率、日粮粗蛋白利用效率随体蛋白周转率降低而下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）。体蛋白周转强度明显比其它禽和哺乳动物大。 相似文献
12.
采用硫酸铵盐析和Agarose-Protein G亲和层析相结合的方法，从兰狐和银黑狐血清中提取和纯化了免疫球蛋白（IgG），应用SDS-PAGE分析表明：提纯的免疫球蛋白纯度高，重链和轻链的分子量分别为45ku和21ku左右；以犬瘟热病毒（CDV）为包被抗原的间接ELISA试验结果表明：提纯的蛋白免疫小鼠分别制备的抗兰狐和银黑狐免疫球蛋白抗体作为二抗检测CDV阳性血清具有良好的生物活性。本研究制备的高纯度的兰狐和银黑狐免疫球蛋白，对今后狐源CDV等疫病血清流行病学的调查、诊断试剂盒的开发及疫苗免疫效果的评价奠定了基础。 相似文献
13.
《Veterinary microbiology》2015,175(2-4):275-285
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease, a chronic enteric disease of ruminant animals. In the present study, blue native PAGE electrophoresis and 2D SDS-PAGE were used to separate MAP envelope protein complexes, followed by mass spectrometry (MS) to identify individual proteins within the complexes. Identity of individual proteins within complexes was further confirmed by MS upon excision of spots from 2D SDS-PAGE gels. Among the seven putative membrane complexes observed, major membrane protein (MAP2121c), a key MAP antigen involved in invasion of epithelial cells, was found to form a complex with cysteine desulfurase (MAP2120c). Other complexes found included those involved in energy metabolism (succinate dehydrogenase complex) as well as a complex formed by Cfp29, a characterized T cell antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To determine antigenicity of proteins, Western blot was performed on replicate 2D SDS-PAGE gels with sera from noninfected control cows (n = 9) and naturally infected cows in the subclinical (n = 10) and clinical (n = 13) stages of infection. Clinical animals recognized MAP2121c in greater proportion than subclinical and control cows, whereas cysteine desulfurase recognition was not differentiated by infection status. To further characterize antigenicity, recombinant proteins were expressed for 10 of the proteins identified and evaluated in an interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay as well as immunoblots. This study reveals the presence of protein complexes in the cell envelope of MAP, suggesting protein interactions in the envelope of this pathogen. Furthermore the identification of antigenic proteins with potential as diagnostic targets was characterized. 相似文献
14.
鹿蛋白质营养需要研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
综述了近 1 0年国内外主要鹿种蛋白质营养需求的研究结果 ,分别对不同年龄、不同季节及不同生理时期鹿的蛋白质需求作了较为详细的介绍与比较 ,并提出了进一步研究方向 相似文献
15.
高温胁迫下紫花苜蓿品种胞质蛋白质变化的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明高温胁迫对不同品种紫花苜蓿胞质蛋白质的影响,以35/30℃(白天/夜间)为高温,25/20℃(白天/夜间)为对照,以光化学效率为高温胁迫耐受力的指标,比较阿尔冈金(Algonguin)、赛迪10(Sardi 10)和德钦(Deqin)3个紫花苜蓿品种胞质蛋白质的变化.结果表明:高温胁迫下,阿尔冈金的光化学效率Fv/Fm下降最快,赛迪10下降最慢;阿尔冈金是热敏型,赛迪10是耐热型,德钦的耐热性中等.在胁迫第28d,赛迪10的胞质蛋白质含量显著下降,而德钦和阿尔冈金的胞质蛋白质含量下降发生在胁迫第21d.3个品种的55kDa和32kDa胞质蛋白质在高温胁迫下均发生降解,阿尔冈金降解最为严重.3个品种在高温胁迫下表达25kDa、22kDa和18kDa胞质蛋白质的程度不同,其中25kDa和22kDa在赛迪10中表达量较其他两个品种大.此外,德钦紫花苜蓿在高温胁迫下具有特异的20kDa胞质蛋白质表达. 相似文献
16.
Fourteen horses were used in two 12-week experiments. Horses were fed to meet crude protein needs for exercising horses and participated in light-to-moderate exercise. Total feces and urine output were measured in 4-day collections at the beginning and the end of each experiment. Fecal nitrogen (FN) and urine nitrogen (UN) were used to calculate nitrogen balance and digestibility. Nitrogen intake (NI) was higher in the end collection (P = .001). Fecal nitrogen expressed as a daily amount or as a percentage of NI was not different (P = .63 and .39, respectively). Nitrogen digestibility was not different (P = .39); however, the amount of nitrogen absorbed (NA) was lower in the initial collection (P = .001). Urine nitrogen was lower in the end collection when expressed as a total loss per day (P = .041), percent of NI (P = .001), or as a percent of NA (P = .001). Daily nitrogen retention (NR), NR expressed as a percentage of NI and as a percentage of NA, was higher in the end collection (P = .001). The improvement in NR in the end collection is due to the reduction in UN loss. This suggests more efficient use of dietary protein because there was no difference in FN loss; but without a significant change in body weight or body condition score, it cannot be concluded that the additional retained nitrogen was because of a need to support additional muscle mass. 相似文献
17.
代用乳是犊牛主要的液体饲料来源之一,与全乳和乳副产品相比不仅降低了犊牛生产成本,而且更适合犊牛饲养设备的操作和使用.在以代用乳为主要饲料来源培育犊牛过程中,代用乳中蛋白质的营养作用是决定饲养效果和经济性的关键性因素.本文对代用乳常用蛋白质的原料特性等方面做了简要综述. 相似文献
18.
Kaminski T 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2004,27(4):379-396
Opioids were found as factors affecting porcine ovarian steroidogenesis. The mechanism of opioid action, however, on porcine theca interna cells is completely unknown. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the possible involvement of two intracellular pathways, phospholipase C/protein kinase C and adenylyl cyclase/protein kinase A, in opioid signal transduction in porcine theca cells treated with mu opioid receptor agonist, FK 33-824. Incubation of the cells for 4 h with FK 33-824 at the dose 1 nM resulted in decreases in inositol phosphate accumulation as well as androstenedione (A(4)), testosterone (T), and estradiol (E(2)) secretions. Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, staurosporine (1-100 nM), D-sphingosine (10-500 nM), and PKCi (100-2000 nM), both added alone and together with the opioid agonist, depressed release of the steroid hormones. PKC activator, phorbol ester (PMA, 1-100 nM), used alone was without effect on theca cell steroidogenesis, but added in combination with FK 33-824 abolished inhibitory influence of the opioid on A(4), T, and E(2) output. The steroid hormone secretion by PKC-deficient theca cells was inhibited by the opioid agonist. FK 33-824 also suppressed PKC activity reducing [(3)H]PDBu specific binding to theca cells, whereas ionomycin (a positive control) increased labeled phorbol ester binding to the cells. In the next experiment, cAMP release from theca cells during 2 and 4 h incubations with FK 33-824 (1-100 nM), naloxone (10 microM; opioid receptor antagonist), and LH (100 ng/mL; a positive control) was examined. FK 33-824 at the dose 1 nM inhibited cAMP secretion during 2 h incubation, but had no effect during longer incubation. LH in a manner independent on incubation time multiplied cAMP release. Protein kinase A inhibitor, PKAi (100-2000 nM), alone and in combination with FK 33-824 (1 nM), inhibited A(4), T, and E(2) secretions by theca cells. PKA activator, 8BrcAMP (10-1000 microM), stimulated the steroid hormone release, but this stimulatory effect was diminished in the presence of FK 33-824. The results allow to suggest that opioid peptides affect porcine theca cell steroidogenesis and their acute action on the cells is connected with the inhibition of phospholipase C/protein kinase C and adenylyl cyclase/protein kinase A signal transduction systems. 相似文献
19.
20.
选择年龄、体重基本一致,生长发育正常的健康獭兔种母兔24只,随机分成对照组以及A、B、c3个试验组,每组6只,对照组饲喂养殖场现有日粮（蛋白水平为15％）,试验组分别饲喂蛋白质水平为16％、18％、20％的日粮,研究不同蛋白质水平对獭兔繁殖性能的影响。结果表明。不同营养水平对窝产仔数、初生窝重没有明显影响,各组差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但对泌乳力、断奶窝重、断奶个体重等有明显影响。B组的泌乳力、断奶窝重与对照组相比差异显著（P〈0．05）,分别比对照组提高47．6％和1573．42g;断奶个体重,A组和B组均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,比对照组分别高30．9％和47．4％,B组显著高于A组（P〈0．05）,比A组高12．6％,C组与对照组差异不显著（P〉0．05）;各组断奶成活数、成活率差异不显著（P〉0．05）。 相似文献