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1.
The activity of certain serum enzymes ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT), serum isocitric dehydrogenase (SIC-D), total serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzymes (LD1 and LD5) was evaluated as a mean of assessing experimental hepatic necrosis on dogs treated with CCl4. Measurement of activity levels of these enzymes, seldom carried out in veterinary clinical pathology, was made together with tests commonly used in our laboratories: serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP), cholesterol, bilirubin and prothrombin time. Measurement of the level of OCT was useful in the diagnosis of liver necrosis. The SIC-D level was important during the first four days of the experiment, but on subsequent days, the enzymatic activity was practically normal. Because of the wide variations of LDH serum levels in normal animals and since many factors influence its activity, the measurement of this enzyme and its isoenzymes was not a good index in the diagnosis of canine liver necrosis. The evaluation of cholesterol and bilirubin was judged of secondary importance because these metabolites are not specific to hepatic problems.  相似文献   

2.
Serums from 4 species of deer and 1 species of antelope were analyzed for various components in order to define an animal disease model for sickle cell disease in people. Animal species included black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), sika deer (Cervus nippon nippon), fallow deer (Dama dama), and pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana). The mean serum values for total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea nitrogen, and electrolytes were similar in all species and were in the normal range for human beings. Cholesterol and uric acid values for all animals were lower than those for people. Alkaline phosphatase values in the 4 cervid species were higher than in the pronghorn antelope. Values for glutamic oxalacetic transaminase were lower in the cervids than in the pronghorn antelope. Lactic dehydrogenase values were similar in the 5 species. High activities for glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase in the 5 species probably related to muscle mass and great muscular activity.  相似文献   

3.
The serum proteins in Sapphire mink from the experimental and control groups in 2 endotoxin experiments and in a group of normal mink of the Standard type, were separated electrophoretically on cellulose acetate membranes.In experiment No. 1, in which the experimental mink were given repeated injections of endotoxin, and the controls were untreated, significantly increased total protein and significantly decreased albumin concentrations in the experimental group compared to the normal group were demonstrated. The concentration of the alpha1-globulin was significantly elevated and the alpha2-globulin significantly reduced in the experimental and the control groups compared to the normal group. Significant differences between the gamma-globulin concentrations in the various groups were not found.In experiment No. 2, all the animals were inoculated intraperitoneally with a crude tissue suspension containing the plasmacytosis agent 10 days before the experimental animals received the first of a series of injections with endotoxin. Significantly increased concentrations of total protein and gamma-globulin and significantly decreased albumin concentrations were, compared with the normal group, demonstrated in sera collected from the experimental group on the 94th, 201st and 254th day after the first injection of endotoxin. In the control group, compared with the normal group, significantly elevated concentrations of total protein, alpha2-, beta- and gamma-globulins and significantly reduced albumin- and alpha1-globulin were found but only in the second set of samples, while significantly decreased albumin- and significantly increased gamma-globulin concentrations were found in the third set.The results showed no significant differences between the gammaglobulin concentrations or between the other serum fractions in the experimental and the control groups in the 2 experiments. A possible explanation may be that there is no direct interrelationship between hypergammaglobulinaemia and amyloidosis, and that a common basic mechanism may stimulate related stem cells which thereafter differentiate in different ways.  相似文献   

4.
Thirty mink infected with Aleutian disease virus (ADV) were found to have elevated levels of antibody to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in their sera when compared to 30 healthy mink. The anti-dsDNA antibody levels in the diseased mink were, however, not found to correlate with the total amount of immunoglobulin. This was a common observation for all autoantibodies tested. The concentration of rheumatoid factors of IgG class, but not those of IgM class, was found to be significantly higher in the diseased mink at the chosen level of significance (P less than 0.01). IgG antibodies to thyroglobulin were likewise significantly higher in the ADV-infected mink. Unexpectedly, we found IgG antibodies with specificities for cardiolipin and mitochondrial antigens to be significantly higher in healthy mink than in ADV-infected mink. This difference is especially remarkable since the serum immunoglobulin concentration of the ADV-infected mink was three times higher than the serum immunoglobulin concentration of the normal mink.  相似文献   

5.
Certain hematologic and clinical chemistry values of 148 rhesus monkeys were determined. Mean values, standard deviations and minimal-maximal values were determined for hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume; total erythrocyte, total leukocyte and differential leukocyte count; cellular indices; prothrombin time; serum concentrations of glucose, urea nitrogen, uric acid, bilirubin, creatinine, sodium, potassium and chloride, and serum enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, and lactic dehydrogenase. Calculations were made separately for males and females and the data were compared to published values for the species.  相似文献   

6.
Fourteen sheep were used on an acute halogeton toxicity feeding experiment. Seven sheep were fed a lethal dose of Halogeton glomeratus, an oxalate-producing plant, 7 served as controls. Various serum and tissue electrolytes and enzymes were measured. Sesum calcium decreased while magnesium and phosphorus increased. Although a severe hypocalcemia resulted from the feeding of halogeton tetany was not observed.

Blood pH, pCO2 and pO2 measurements demonstrated that alkalosis did not develop.

Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, and lactic dehydrogenase all increased. Succinic dehydrogenase was inhibited in the rumen wall but not in other tissues according to the methods used. This finding, as well as other work cited, indicates a possible interference with carbohydrate metabolism.

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7.
Escherichia coli is commonly found in outbreaks of diarrhoea in mink during the production season although its role as a primary causal organism remains unclear. The present study was undertaken to determine the serogroups and antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates from healthy and diarrhoeic mink. Rectal swabs were taken from healthy and diseased animals, on six different farms, once at the onset of disease and again approximately 2 weeks later. The swabs were subjected to bacteriological investigation; a total of 210 E. coli were isolated, 98 from healthy animals and 112 from diseased. All isolates were serotyped and MICs were determined for nine antimicrobial compounds. Non-haemolytic isolates numbered 147, whereas 63 were haemolytic. Both haemolytic and non-haemolytic isolates were isolated from both healthy and diseased animals.A wide range of serogroups was detected, the most frequent being O2 (11.0%), O78 (11.0%), O153 (7.1%), O25 (5.7%), O6 (4.8%), and O15 (4.8%), but diarrhoea was not associated with specific serogroups. All isolates were sensitive to enrofloxacin, neomycin, gentamicin and colistin. In contrast, considerable variations in susceptibility were found among the six mink farms, for tetracycline (0-46.4%, average 21.9), ampicillin (2.9-50.0%, average 23.3), spectinomycin (8.0-35.7%, average 21.9), sulfamethoxazole (8.6-57.7%, average 30.0) and trimethoprim (0-35.7%, average 9.5). Resistance to tetracycline was statistically more prevalent among haemolytic than among non-haemolytic strains.In conclusion, serogrouping and haemolysin testing failed to identify any association with diarrhoeal disease and antimicrobial resistance was highly variable between different mink farms.  相似文献   

8.
An experiment was carried out to examine the responses of Aleutian and standard dark types of mink to inoculations of formalintreated suspensions of tissues of mink with experimentally transmitted plasmacytosis. Control groups of mink received similar injections of normal Aleutian mink tissues or diseased tissues without formalin treatment. A second experiment was conducted to test the formalinized diseased tissue suspension for immunogenic value. Groups of mink which received one, two, or three doses of “vaccine” were later challenged with virulent inocula. Additional groups of mink served as unvaccinated and environmental controls.

Treatment with 0.3% formalin with fine trituration and incubation at 37°C was effective in preventing the development of plasmacytosis in inoculated mink. These mink remained susceptible to subsequent challenge with untreated diseased tissue suspensions. No immunity was demonstrated in the vaccinated mink. Mink inoculated with normal mink tissues did not develop plasmacytosis, nor did uninoculated environmental controls.

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9.
试验旨在研究3~4月龄中国荷斯坦犊牛的适宜饲粮蛋白水平。选取24头65日龄犊牛随机分为3组,分别饲喂19%、21%和23%3种蛋白水平饲粮,分析饲粮蛋白水平对犊牛生长性能、血液生化指标和消化率的影响。结果表明:饲喂19%、21%和23%3种蛋白水平饲粮后,试验全组的日增重分别为(1.19±0.16)kg/d、(1.23±0.16)kg/d、(1.24±0.13)kg/d,组间差异不显著;饲粮蛋白水平对犊牛体斜长显著影响(P<0.05)。血清尿素氮,甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸含量随着饲粮水平的增加而显著提高(P<0.01);饲粮蛋白质水平对总蛋白,白蛋白,乳酸脱氢酶,碱性磷酸酶,谷草转氨酶,总胆固醇,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,葡萄糖等的影响不显著。粗蛋白、干物质粗脂肪和中性洗涤纤维消化率随饲粮蛋白质水平提高而减低。综合试验犊牛日增重、体尺指标、血液指标和营养物质消化率等各方面的因素,在本试验条件下19%蛋白水平的饲粮对于3~4月龄犊牛最为合适。  相似文献   

10.
During an outbreak of Salmonella abortion in mink farms receiving food from a central feed plant, sulphamezathine (a 16 % solution of sulphadimidine sodium) was added to the food to combat the infection. After 3 days of medication, some males of the Aleutian type developed severe urinary bleedings. The serum concentration of the drug was not above the recommended value in 2 severely affected animals (1.5 and 1.7 mg/100 ml, respectively). Screening tests for the extrinsic (Thrombotest and Normotest) and intrinsic (cephalin time) coagulation mechanism, fibrinogen assay, fibrinolysis (plasma clot lysis time), and platelet count were not much different from normal. Coagulation or platelet defects did not therefore seem to be the cause of the bleedings. Some of the diseased animals died, and the only necropsy finding was a greatly distended urinary bladder filled with clotted blood. Histologically, hemorrhages and necrotic changes of varying severity were found in the vesical wall. In several cases, the arteries were the structures most evidently affected, indicating that the hemorrhages were due to vascular injury (Fig. 1). The damaged vessels were sporadically occluded by thrombi. The lesions were often most evident in subserosal arteries and in the relatively large arteries situated between the inner circular and the outer longitudinal muscular layer, whereas the submucosal structures were obscured by massive extravasations of red blood cells. Occasionally, the necrotic arteries were surrounded by incipient circumferential cellular accumulations, predominantly mononuclear cells, but some eosinophils were also present (Fig. 2). Thus, in these cases the vascular damage was similar to vascular lesions frequently accompanying viral plasmacytosis (periarteritis nodosa). The possibility exists that the animals were in an early developmental stage of plasmacytosis, but no extravesical changes suggesting plasmacytosis were discovered during the microscopic examination. Although other sulphonamides have occasionally shown toxic properties when administered to mink, this preparation has not, to the authors’knowledge, previously been recorded as injurious to this species. The following experiment was performed to elucidate the toxicity of sulphadimidine sodium to male Aleutian mink.  相似文献   

11.
A group of clinically normal horses was subjected to controlled strenuous exercise. Elevated serum concentrations of lactic dehydrogenase, aldolase and creatine kinase were observed after exercise but no significant change in serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase was noted. These changes were reduced by repeated exposure to exercise suggesting that measurement of serum enzyme elevations, particularly creatine kinase, might be a useful index of fitness in the horse. Administration of prednisolone prior to exercise also reduced these changes. Since the serum enzyme concentrations had returned to normal within 72 hours of exercise, and since the cytoplasmic enzyme glutamic oxalacetic transaminase was not released from the tissues this supported the hypothesis that efflux of intracellular enzymes into the circulation was due to a temporary selective change in cell membrane permeability rather than to tissue necrosis.  相似文献   

12.
The origin and course of enzootic white muscle disease affecting young cattle in spring months after transfer from stables to pastures were accompanied by an apparent tendency to dysproteinemia. Clinically diseased animals showed a decrease of total protein in the blood serum and considerable changes in the protein spectrum. In comparison with findings in the set of clinically healthy controls, the animals affected by the white muscle disease showed a depression of albumins and a simultaneous increase of alpha- and beta-globulins and a decrease of gamma-globulins.  相似文献   

13.
In four experiments performed to study the pathology of vitamin E-deficiency in pigs (Nafstad & Tollersrud 1970) serum enzyme determinations were carried out in order to obtain some information about the development of the deficiency syndrome.The enzymes determined were aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT = GOT), alanine aminotransferase (AlAT = GPT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Blood samples were taken every second week during the experiments, which lasted for three to four months each and included a total number of 112 animals. At death or slaughter organs were removed in two experiments for determination of tissue homogenate transferase activity.A good correlation was shown to exist between the levels of serum enzyme activity and the frequency of pathological changes found at necropsy. Vitamin E-supplemented pigs showed enzyme values within normal ranges, whereas animals supplemented with selenium or amino acids and non-supplemented lots showed increased levels. To a certain extent differential diagnoses between the organs most affected could also be made on the basis of the enzyme values, though the complex nature of the deficiency syndrome in some cases rendered this more hypothetical.Gastric ulcers gave no elevation of serum enzyme activity.An inverse correlation was found between transferase activity in serum and tissue homogenates. Vitamin E-deficient pigs with high serum values yielded lower tissue enzyme activity than animals in the corresponding supplemented lots.Pigs fed the highest dietary protein levels showed the highest tissue transferase activity. This was most marked for liver homogenates.  相似文献   

14.
A study was made of blood cellular components, serum proteins and serum enzymes in 48 pigs naturally infected with Cysticercus tenuicollis. Twenty-five healthy pigs were studied for comparison. Affected animals showed a reduction in total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and haemoglobin content and an increase in mean corpuscular volume and total leucocyte count. Significantly higher activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and isocitric dehydrogenase serum enzymes were recorded in all affected pigs. Total protein, albumin and globulin values of affected pigs remained unchanged when compared with healthy controls.  相似文献   

15.
Posterior paresis/paralysis in farmed mink is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, with individual farms reporting the loss of as many as 700 animals each year. Although this disease has been recognized by North American mink farmers for approximately 40 years, there are few published reports focusing on this entity. The objective of this study was to investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. Complete necropsy examinations were done on 40 clinically affected mink, ranging from 7 to 10 weeks of age, and on three normal animals in the same age range from two mink farms. Thirty-two of the 40 clinically affected animals had an isolated vertebral lesion characterized by bone lysis and proliferation that usually was centered on an intervertebral disk space in the midthoracic area. An inflammatory reaction, composed primarily of neutrophils, was present within the vertebral sections in 25 of the 40 affected animals (62.5%), and the presence of gram-positive cocci was confirmed in 8 of 10 animals (80%) in which bacterial organisms were observed histologically. Bacterial cultures from 15 affected animals yielded Streptococcus sp. from the intervertebral disk space in 13 of 15 (86.7%) animals and from heart blood in 6 of 8 (75%). A farm visit revealed no history or evidence of traumatic wounds as a source of infection in these animals, and the diet appeared to be adequate for skeletal development. We conclude that posterior paresis/paralysis in farmed mink is associated with bacterial diskospondylitis, likely occurring secondary to bacteremia/septicemia.  相似文献   

16.
Clinical and clinicopathologic features of transport tetany in 9 feedlot lambs were investigated. The lambs became recumbent within 10 days after arrival in the feedlot. The mean serum calcium concentration, mean magnesium concentration, and calcium:phosphorus ratio were significantly (P less than 0.01) less in affected lambs than in 6 unaffected lambs from the same feedlot. The mean serum phosphorus concentration was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in the group of affected lambs. High activities of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase in the serum of affected lambs indicated muscle necrosis, which was confirmed by histologic examination. Blood pH, HCO-3, and total carbon dioxide were significantly greater in affected lambs (P less than 0.01) than in unaffected lambs.  相似文献   

17.
This survey of 500 mink on three Wisconsin ranches at pelting gives an estimate of the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in the feces of clinically normal animals. On ranches 1 and 2, which used wet feed, C. jejuni was isolated by colon content culture from 7% and 32% of mink one year, and 43% and 13% the next year; the 200 bile samples tested were culture-negative. On ranch 3, which fed a pelleted ration, the organism was never isolated. Among culture-positive mink tested, 22 of 55 had bacterial agglutination serum titers to homologous and/or heterologous Campylobacter isolates from the ranch of origin. Four of 23 culture-negative animals tested had titers. No histological evidence of inflammatory changes in the lower ileum and/or colon was found, although Campylobacter-like organisms were rarely seen in silver-stained sections from both culture-negative and culture-positive animals. We conclude that the presence of C. jejuni in the mink gut does not necessarily indicate a role in gastrointestinal disease.  相似文献   

18.
In connection with transfer of sheep from the lowland near Oslo to mountain pastures at an altitude of 1,200 m above sea level, investigations were carried out in 37 animals to study the effect of physical stress on serum enzymes and other blood constituents. The sheep were adult ewes and lambs. About half of the animals had been accustomed to outdoor life on pasture for more than one month, while the others were moved directly from indoor feeding. Blood was collected before departure, after six hrs. of long-distance transportation by lorry, and after three hrs. of subsequent continuous herding on foot. The following blood components were determined: Aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT = GOT), alanine aminotransferase (A1AT = GPT), α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD), total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), LDH isoenzymes, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, blood sugar, total serum proteins, and haemoglobin.In summary, it may be said that the lambs reacted with greater changes of the blood components than adult animals, and that untrained, indoor fed lambs were distinctly more sensitive than those taken from pasture. The “indoor” lambs showed a statistical significant increase from the initial values in AspAT, HBD, total LDH, the isoenzymes LDH3 and LDH4, and blood sugar. Significantly decreased values were recorded in Ga, P, Mg, and total serum protein. Some of these changes, as in Mg and P, were most pronounced after transportation, while elevations of serum enzyme levels continued to increase during the subsequent herding.Based upon the shift in LDH isoenzyme distribution towards a more cathodically dominated pattern it is supposed that the main origin of increased serum enzyme activity was skeletal muscle.  相似文献   

19.
The normal serum gamma-globulin centration of mink from the Ontario Veterinary College field station was 13.2 +/- 2.6% of total serum proteins. Mink serum gamma-globulin concentrations above 21%, which represented 3 standard deviations above the normal mean, were considered to be hypergammaglobulinemic. About 39% of pastel mink infected naturally with Aleutin disease virus (ADV) exhibited an inapparent or nonprogressive infection. These nonprogressivley infected mink had serum gamma-globulin values below 21% andhad antibody titers less than 256 if tested by the couterimmunoelectrophoresis technique. Mink maintained inapparent infection for at least 10 months after infection with ADV. Neither gross nor histopathologic changes were present in the mink with inapparent ADV infection. The virus persisted in blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, kidney, liver, and spleen of mink with non-progressive infection, although the amount of virus present probably was small.  相似文献   

20.
We have previously shown that anacardic acid has an uncoupling effect on oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria using succinate as a substrate (Toyomizu et al. 2000). In the present study, in order to clarify whether or not anacardic acid could be used advantageously as a special feed/food supplement to reduce fat deposition through the uncoupling action, two sets of experiments were conducted to determine quantitatively the effect of dietary anacardic acid (0.1% w/w) supplementation. More specifically, effects on growth, feed efficiency, fattening, and levels of several constituents of blood serum in rats fed normal and low protein–high carbohydrate (CHO) diets were examined. There were no significant differences in bodyweight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency among the experimental groups. For the total fat pad content, including inguinal and epididymal fat, significant interaction was shown between both treatments: dietary anacardic acid at 0.1% w/w significantly decreased the total fat pad content in rats fed the CHO diet, but not in rats fed the normal diet. Weights of heart, spleen and brown adipose tissue were not affected by either the dietary treatment or anacardic acid, while both liver and kidney weights decreased with feeding of anacardic acid at 0.1% w/w, but were not affected by the CHO diet. Anacardic acid supplementation in the diet had no effect on serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase or lactate dehydrogenase levels, suggesting that the dysfunction of liver or kidney may not be induced by dietary anacardic acid. The results of the present study reveal a unique function of anacardic acid in that, for dietary conditions enhancing body fat deposition, that is consumption of a diet high in carbohydrates, dietary anacardic acid has the potential to decrease body fat deposition. A possible mechanism for differences observed in anacardic acid‐induced regulation of body fat pad content between rats fed the normal and CHO diets, based on uncoupling action of anacardic acid on the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, is discussed.  相似文献   

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