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1.
Nanofertilizers have received considerable attention due to their increased uptake by plants. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and also different zinc (Zn) fertilizers (Zn sulfate, Zn chelate) on vegetative and yield traits of two pinto bean cultivars “KS21191” and “KS21193”. This experiment was a factorial based on completely randomized design with 24 treatments (three fertilizer applications and eight levels of Zn fertilizer). The results showed that twice foliar application compared to seed application and once foliar application improved growth and yield characteristics of both pinto bean cultivars. Also, compared to control treatment, zinc nanofertilizers improved vegetative characteristics (such as plant height, internode length, root and shoot dry, and fresh weight), yield (pods number and seed weight) and quality (zinc content in seed) of both pinto bean cultivars. Among the zinc fertilizer treatments, 0.10% and 0.15% of ZnO nanoparticles were as a superior treatment.  相似文献   

2.
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different zinc (Zn) application methods (soil and foliar application) and concentrations (1 and 2 mg kg?1 in soil application and 1 and 3 g L?1 in foliar application) on the growth, some biochemical characteristics, and nutrient concentrations of costmary (Chrysanthemum balsamita L.). Growth parameters were increased by zinc application regardless of its concentration and application method. Protein and total phenol content, antioxidant capacity, and chlorophyll index were increased by zinc supply. In contrast, proline and soluble sugars content showed a decreasing pattern with zinc application. Zinc application, either through soil or foliar application, increased the zinc content of shoots. Manganese uptake potential of plants was increased by foliar zinc application method but not by soil application of zinc. Zinc application had no significant effect on potassium content of plants.  相似文献   

3.
Abstract

The efficacy of seed priming and foliar application of zinc-amino acid chelates including zinc-histidine [Zn(His)2] and zinc-methionine [Zn(Met)2] in comparison with zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) on yield and grain nutritional quality of two common bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cvs Talash and Sadri) was investigated in a severely Zn-deficient calcareous soil (DTPA-Zn: 0.38?mg kg?1 soil) in a pot experiment. Bean response to Zn application varied depending on the Zn fertilizer, application method and cultivar. In ‘Talash’, seed priming with [Zn(His)2] and [Zn(Met)2] led to 24.1 and 11.6% increase in the grain yield of bean in comparison with ZnSO4 treatment, respectively. In both cultivars, foliar application of [Zn(His)2] led to significant increase in the grain yield in comparison with ZnSO4. The highest grain Zn concentration was obtained by seed priming with [Zn(Met)2] in ‘Sadri’ and [Zn(His)2] in ‘Talash’, respectively. For Zn-amino acid chelates, seed priming was more effective than foliar application in increasing grain yield and Zn concentration. Foliar application of [Zn(His)2] and [Zn(Met)2] in ‘Sadri’ and [Zn(Met)2] in ‘Talash’ resulted in higher protein content in bean grain as compared with ZnSO4. In both cultivars, foliar application of [Zn(Met)2] was the more effective than seed priming to increase grain protein content. The highest water-soluble carbohydrates concentration of grain was obtained by seed priming with [Zn(Met)2] and [Zn(His)2] in ‘Sadri’ and ‘Talash’ cultivars, respectively. Therefore, seed priming with [Zn(His)2] and ZnSO4 in ‘Sadri’ and [Zn(Met)2] in ‘Talash’ can effectively be used for improving yield of common bean in Zn-deficient calcareous soils.  相似文献   

4.
Abstract

Inoculation of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) might have potential to increase symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) and to reduce dependency on chemical fertilizers. Peat based inoculant can cause clogging of air seeder and therefore, the potential of liquid inoculant was compared to peat based- and without inoculant during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons in the Red River Valley of ND and MN. Seed yield and SNF, using 15N isotope enrichment, response to inoculation were studied for four pinto and four kidney bean cultivars. Inoculation did not increase seed yield; moreover, both liquid and peat inoculation reduced kidney cultivars’ seed yield by 47% and 62% over control (without inoculation) treatment, respectively in 2016. In 2017, percent N derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) was significantly reduced by peat inoculation (61.2%) over control (76.7%). On average, pinto cultivars fixed 90.5 and 73.7?kg N ha?1 and kidney cultivars fixed 73.8 and 65.1?kg N ha?1, respectively in 2016 and 2017. The interaction between inoculation and cultivar influenced the quantity of SNF, specifically for kidney cultivars in 2017. Rather than inoculation, selection of cultivars had a more pronounced effect on seed yield and SNF.  相似文献   

5.
ABSTRACT

In this study, the physiological response of two cultivars of grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Rotabi, and Thompson seedless) was investigated under manganese treatment (manganese sulfate) and water stress conditions. In this regard, foliar application of manganese sulfate (MnSO4) treatment such as: 0, 2 and 4 g/l and water stress (WS) treatment including: without water stress (field capacity), moderate (?1 Mpa), severe (?1.5 Mpa) and very severe (?2 Mpa) was studied. Under MnSO4 treatment, the adverse effect of drought stress on Rotabi and Thompson Seedless vines were ameliorated considering plant height, dry weight of roots, root length, leaf surface area and number of leaves. In both cultivars, manganese treatment under drought stress produced higher total chlorophyll content, carbohydrate, proline and protein contents in vines than those of untreated ones. Furthermore, manganese treatment diminished the level of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both cultivars. Also, it was found that the MnSO4 treatment could also increase the relative water content (RWC) in the grapevine leaves under water stress in Rotabi cultivar by 4% and Thompson seedless cultivar by 10% compared to control vines (0% MnSO4). The results obtained here suggest that foliar MnSO4 application can improve the growth parameters of grapevine under water stress and trigger protective mechanisms against water stress in grapevine, especially in Thompson seedless cultivar.  相似文献   

6.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of zinc (Zn) application on five rice cultivars grown under salt stress conditions. Two salinity levels of 0 and 10 dS m?1 were created with sodium chloride (NaCl) and foliar spray of Zn (0.05%; Chelated-Zn) was applied. A decrease in growth and yield related parameters were observed under salt stress, which was ameliorated in plants that received Zn foliar spray. Similar effects of salinity and Zn foliar spray were noted on photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and water relations of plants. Salt induced increase in sodium (Na) content and decrease in other macro- and micronutrients contents were also reversed by Zn. Other salt tolerance indicating parameters likSe total free amino acids and total soluble sugars increased under Zn spray, clearing its role in improving salt tolerance.  相似文献   

7.
Pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merv.] were exposed to O3 to determine the interactions of growth temperature, exposure temperature, K nutrition and doses of O3 on their foliar sensitivity. Pinto bean developed more foliar injury than soybean. Pinto bean were most sensitive when grown and exposed at 28°C. Growth and exposure temperature interacted in the development of foliar injury on pinto bean, but only growth temperature influenced the amount of foliar injury on soybean. Both species developed more foliar injury when grown with low K nutrition. There was no relationship between foliar injury and reducing sugars or sucrose content of the leaves.  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

Zinc (Zn) as a microelement plays a salient role in the vital processes of plants such as metabolism and nutrition. This experimental study was conducted in the research field of Agriculture Faculty, Zanjan University using two genotypes of canola as main factor (Okapi and Tassilo) and zinc fertilizer application method in 7 levels including control, foliar spraying (2, 3.5, and 5?g/L) at the beginning of flowering and soil application (25, 50, and 75?kg/ha) were considered as sub-plot factor. The results showed that the application of zinc significantly increased the chlorophyll content as compared to control treatment. The highest chlorophyll content was observed in foliar spraying of 3.5 and 5?g/L zinc in Okapi cultivar. While, the highest value of RWC content resulted only with spraying 5?g/L of zinc. The result showed that zinc foliar of 5?g/L obtained the highest oil and seed yields and seed yield components. In addition, the highest qualitative seed traits (oil and protein content and zinc content in seed and plant) resulted with spraying 5?g/L of zinc. Also, Okapi cultivar had more quantitative and qualitative yields than Tassilo cultivar. The foliar spray of 5?g/L Zn can be recommended to increase the quantity and quality seed yield of canola.  相似文献   

9.
Abstract

This experiment carried out as split plot factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during two consecutive years (2015–2016). The main plot consisted of drought stress: complete irrigation, irrigation withholding at R1 stage, irrigation withholding at R2 stage and subplots included foliar application of micronutrients: distilled water (control), zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and zinc sulfate?+?manganese sulfate and cultivar as: Williams and Zan elite. The results showed that proline and linoleic acid were increased significantly, but chlorophyll a and b, seed yield, protein percentage, oleic and linolenic acids were decreased significantly by irrigation withholding. Also, the maximum values of chlorophyll b, protein percentage and linolenic acid were achieved by Williams. The significant increasing effect of zinc was found on the maximum root and stem proline, chlorophyll b, and oleic, linolenic and linoleic unsaturated fatty acids, meanwhile the maximum leaf proline was obtained by manganese sulfate.  相似文献   

10.
In this study we determined some morpho-physiological characteristics of mung bean plants under various irrigation regimes (irrigation after 50, 100, 150 and 200 mm evaporation from pan class A) and mycorrhizal fungi inoculation (Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices). The highest and lowest seed yield was obtained from plants irrigated after 50 and 200 mm evaporation from pan, respectively. Root dry weight, root volume, leaf phosphorus and relative water content were decreased in plants under water deficit stress. Whereas, under various level of severe water deficit the proline content, total soluble carbohydrates and leaf nitrogen were increased. Mycorrhizal colonization was observed to be higher in well-watered plants rather than in stressed plants. Furthermore, the mycorrhizal plants produced a higher seed yield (161 g/m2), leaf phosphorus, leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll index, proline, total soluble carbohydrates content, relative water content, root length, root volume, root dry weight and root/shoot weight ratio as compared with non-mycorrhizal plants.  相似文献   

11.
Manganese (Mn) deficiency in soybean has occurred mainly in soils with surface dolomite lime application, which increases pH and the magnesium (Mg) concentration in the surface layer. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of Mg on the Mn uptake in four soybean cultivars with different nutritional requirements. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design, in 4 × 2 × 4 factorial scheme [four soybean cultivars, two Mg rates (0.1 and 1.0 mmol L?1) and four Mn rates (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 µmol L?1)], with four replicates. The cultivars used in the experiment were: IAC 17 and FT Estrela (for soils fertility or high nutritional demand) and IAC 15–1 and DM Nobre (for soils partially corrected or medium nutritional demand). The root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), SDW/RDW ratio, chlorophyll content, seed yield and foliar concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), Mg, calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), Mn, and zinc (Zn) were determined. The application of the highest Mg rate increased seed yield. This was also observed with a Mn rate up to 3.0 μmol L?1. There was an interaction of Mg and Mn in the plant, and it was found that the IAC 17 cultivar was the most sensitive to Mn, while FT Estrela had the lowest performance. N, P, K, and Zn concentrations were significantly influenced by Mn rates. The Mg and Mn rates had a significant effect on Mg foliar concentrations. The rate of 1.0 mmol L?1 of Mg provided the lowest levels of nutrients to the plant and increased SDW and seed yield, regardless of the nutritional requirement of each cultivar.  相似文献   

12.
The effect of soil applied zeolite, foliar application of selenium and silicon on the agronomic and physiologic traits of canola grown under salt stress conditions was investigated in two-year field experiment during 2012 and 2013. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks, arranged in factorial with 27 treatments forming combinations of zeolite (0, 5 and 10 ton ha?1), selenium (0, 2 and 4 g liter?1) and silicon (0, 2 and 4 g liter?1) and three replicates. The results indicated that zeolite improved plant growth in terms of plant height and increased yield and yield components of canola. In addition, biological yield, harvest index and oil percentage increased due to zeolite application. Zeolite could decrease respiration, malondialdehyde and proline in salt-stressed plants. Soluble sugars and potassium content increased in response to zeolite application while sodium content significantly decreased. Selenium led to an increase in plant height, silique number, seed number in silique, biological yield, harvest index and oil percentage, while respiration, malondialdehyde, proline and sodium decreased on account of selenium application. Similarly, silicon had a significant effect on growth and agronomic traits and increased them. Silicon promoted chlorophyll synthesis while preventing malondialdehyde, proline and sodium accumulation in plant tissues. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were suppressed by using silicon on plants. Interaction between zeolite and selenium was significant on leaf relative water content, photosynthesis, chlorophyll content and activity of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, seed weight, seed yield, photosynthesis and soluble sugar content were affected by selenium and silicon application.  相似文献   

13.
A field experiment with 60 groundnut cultivars, in a calcareous soil having 1.20 mg kg?1 available zinc (Zn), foliar application of 0.2% aqueous solution of zinc sulphate thrice at 40, 55 and 70 days at 500, 500 and 1000 L ha?1, respectively, increased the number of pods, pod yield, shelling and 100 seed mass and seed zinc (Zn) content, significantly. The seeds Zn content in groundnut cultivars ranged 38–70 mg kg?1 with an average of 48 mg kg?1 without Zn and 58 mg kg?1 with Zn. Foliar Zn application increased 22% Zn in seed. This increase was more than 10% in 48 out of 60 cultivars. The cultivars GG 7, GG 20, Tirupati 4, DH 8, JSP 19, TKG 19 A, CSMG 884 and S 206 showed > 50 mg kg?1 Zn, > 10% increase in seed Zn with Zn application and > 250 g m?2 pod yield.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

A salt-sensitive cucumber cultivar “Jinchun No. 2” (Cucumis sativus L.) was used to investigate the role of proline in alleviating salt stress in cucumber. Proline was applied twice (day 0 and day 4 after salt treatment) as a foliar spray, with a volume of 25?mL per plant at each time. Plant dry weight, leaf relative water content, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), Na+, K+ and Cl? contents, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in the plants were determined at day 8 after salt treatment. The results showed that 100?mmol?L–1 NaCl stress significantly decreased plant dry weight, leaf relative water and K+ contents, and increased leaf MDA, Na+ and Cl? contents and SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities. However, leaf proline accumulation was not affected by salinity. The exogenous application of proline significantly alleviated the growth inhibition of plants induced by NaCl, and was accompanied by higher leaf relative water content and POD activity, higher proline and Cl? contents, and lower MDA content and SOD activity. However, there was no significant difference in Na+ and K+ contents or in CAT and APX activities between proline-treated and untreated plants under salt stress. Taken together, these results suggested that the foliar application of proline was an effective way to improve the salt tolerance of cucumber. The enhanced salt tolerance could be partially attributed to the improved water status and peroxidase enzyme activity in the leaf.  相似文献   

15.
An experiment was conducted with iron chlorosis affected low-chill peach cultivars such as ‘Shaharanpur Prabhat’, ‘Shan-e-Punjab’, and ‘Pratap’ to examine the recovery upon foliar application of three iron sources namely iron (Fe)-sulfate, Fe-citrate and Fe ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). All the iron sources significantly increased the SPAD meter value, physiologically active (Fe2+) iron and total iron content of the leaves over control. However, highest values were noted with foliar spray of 1.0% Fe-sulfate. The low-chill peach cultivar ‘Saharanpur Prabhat’ responded best with iron resupply treatment. Significant correlations (at P ≤ 0.01) were obtained between SPAD meter readings with both physiologically active iron (Fe2+) and total iron content of leaves in all peach cultivars. Among the sources, the correlations between SPAD meter readings, physiologically active iron (Fe2+) and total iron contents were significant at P ≤ 0.01 for only Fe-sulfate and Fe-citrate. The regression analysis showed that the SPAD meter reading accounted 78.2 to 88.0% variation in physiologically active iron (Fe2+) and 65.0 to 73.7% variation in the total iron content in the low-chill peach cultivars. The SPAD readings could be used for management of iron chlorosis in peach orchard.  相似文献   

16.
Salinity stress is one of the important agricultural problems in the world. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytohormones (gibberellic acid and abscisic acid) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase), rubisco activity and content, and proline in three wheat cultivars (Gascogen, Zagros, and Kuhdasht) under control and salinity stress (3.5 and 7 dS m?1). The results showed that salinity stress (3.5 and 7 dS m?1) decreased the activity of catalase, rubisco, carboxylase, but increased peroxidase, superoxide dismutase activity and proline content. Gibberellic acid caused 58.03% increased in rubisco carboxylase activity in Zagros at 7 dS m?1 in comparison with abscisic acid under salinity stress compared with the control plants in Kuhdasht. Activity of superoxide dismutase in Kuhdasht cultivar at 7 dS m?1 salinity level showed 76.43% increased in Gascogen under salinity stress compared with the control plants with gibberellic acid application. The highest proline content as an osmolyte was found in Zagros at 7 dS m?1 salinity level with abscisic acid (194 μmol g?1 DM) application. Peroxidase activity increased 83.31% and catalase activity decreased 61.27% compared with the control plants in Zagros. Gibberellic acid application significantly prevented reduction in rubisco content under salinity stress. In conclusion, increased in peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity and proline content decreased the adverse effects of salinity stress on studied cultivars. Also, the foliage spray of gibberellic acid enhanced and improved the growth condition. In this experiment, Zagros cultivar showed more tolerance to salinity stress than the other two cultivars.  相似文献   

17.
ABSTRACT

Soil fertility and water use are two important aspects that influence rice productivity. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of in-situ (sesbania and rice bean) and ex-situ (subabul) green manuring along with zinc fertilization on water productivity and soil fertility in rice under rice–wheat cropping system at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. Sesbania incorporation recorded higher total water productivity (2.20 and 3.24 kg ha?1 mm?1), available soil nutrients, organic carbon, alkaline phosphatase activity, microbial biomass carbon and increased soil dehydrogenase activity by 39.6 and 26.8% over subabul and rice bean respectively. Among interaction of green manures and zinc fertilization, subabul × foliar application of chelated zinc-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 20, 40, 60 and 80 days after transplanting recorded highest total water productivity (2.56 and 3.79 kg ha?1 mm?1). Foliar application of chelated Zn-EDTA at 20, 40, 60 and 80 days after transplanting recorded significantly higher water productivity than other Zn treatments, however it was statistically similar with foliar application of zinc at active tillering + flowering + grain filling. Sesbania × 5 kg Zn ha?1 through chelated Zn-EDTA, recorded highest available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganese, copper and iron than other green manure and Zn fertilization interactions, although it was statistically similar with rice bean × 5 kg Zn ha?1 through chelated Zn-EDTA as soil application. Sesbania × foliar application of 5 kg Zn ha?1 through chelated Zn-EDTA as soil application recorded highest soil enzymatic activities and microbial biomass carbon.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is of prime importance because of its quality fiber and edible oil production. Boron (B) is among essential micronutrients for plant growth; it aids in the transfer of sugars and nutrients from leaves to fruit that are involved directly or indirectly in many plant functions. Cotton growth, yield and quality are strongly affected with boron application. A two-year study was conducted to evaluate the impact of foliar applied B (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10?g of B L?1 of water) on the performance of cotton cultivars (FH-113, MNH-786 and CIM-496). The results indicated that growth, yield and quality traits of cotton were significantly influenced by different levels of foliar applied boron as well as cultivars of cotton. Among cotton cultivars, the yield and quality parameters were superior in cultivar “FH-113.” Foliar application of boron at 6?g L?1 of water improved leaf area index and leaf area duration and eventually improved the number of bolls per plant, boll retention percentage, average boll weight, lint yield, ginning out turn, fiber length and uniformity ratio of cotton. Foliar application of B at 6?g per liter of water, showed promising results by improving growth and quality parameters and is recommend to enhance the economical yield production of cotton cultivar “FH-113” with improved quality.  相似文献   

19.
In order to investigate the effects of exogenous spermidine on water limitation-induced damage on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes, a field experiment was conducted over two growth seasons. The experiment was arranged as a split-split plot design and three replications. Treatments were three water stress levels (non-stress, moderate and severe stress), three bean genotypes (Akhtar, Pak and COS12) and two spermidine levels (control and foliar application). The results showed that water stress reduced markedly leaf relative water content, SPAD values, specific leaf area, leaf area index, plant height, relative growth rate, shoot dry weight and grain yield; however, increased leaf density, leaf relative electrolyte leakage, stomatal density, leaf angle and leaf temperature of bean genotypes. Spermidine application increased relative water content, SPAD values, leaf area, leaf area index, shoot dry weight and grain yield. Overall, exogenous spermidine usage as a free radical scavenger counteracted deleterious water deficit effects.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

To investigate the effect of foliar application of nano-chelates of iron, zinc, and manganese subjected to different irrigation conditions on physiological traits, and yield of soybean (cultivar M9), a split plot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications in two crop years (2016–2017). The main plot included four levels of irrigation (I): full irrigation (I 1), irrigation withhold at flowering stage (I 2), irrigation withhold at podding stage (I 3), and irrigation withhold during the grain filling period (I 4). Also, the subplot included eight levels of foliar application with Fe, Zn, Mn, Fe?+?Zn, Fe?+?Mn, Zn?+?Mn, Fe?+?Zn?+?Mn nano-chelates, and distilled water (control). The results of combined analysis of variance suggested that the effect of irrigation and foliar application of nano-chelate was significant on all traits. Water deficit stress significantly reduced the grain yield. The minimum numbers of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, 100-seed weight per plant, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll concentration, total dry weight of plant, and the grain yield were obtained by irrigation withhold at podding stage. Foliar application of combined nano-chelates increased the soybean resistance against water shortage more considerably than the separate consumption of these elements. Under drought stress in podding stage, the application of Fe?+?Zn led to the highest yield with a mean of 2613.84?kg ha?1 where this increase was 61.1% higher than control.  相似文献   

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