Changes in the soil C and N contents,C decomposition and N mineralization potentials in a rice paddy after long-term application of inorganic fertilizers and organic matter     

Weiguo Cheng  Agnes T. Padre  Chizuru Sato  Hiroyuki Shiono  Satoshi Hattori  Akihiko Kajihara 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2016,62(2):212-219

A long-term experiment on combined inorganic fertilizers and organic matter in paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation began in May 1982 in Yamagata, northeastern Japan. In 2012, after the 31^st harvest, soil samples were collected from five fertilizer treatments [(1) PK, (2) NPK, (3) NPK + 6 Mg ha^?1 rice straw (RS), (4) NPK + 10 Mg ha^?1 rice straw compost (CM1), and (5) NPK + 30 Mg ha^?1 rice straw compost (CM3)], at five soil depths (0–5, 5–10, 10–15, 15–20 and 20–25 cm), to assess the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) content and carbon (C) decomposition potential, total nitrogen (TN) content and nitrogen (N) mineralization potential resulting from long-term organic matter addition. The C decomposition potential was assessed based on the methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) produced, while the N mineralization potential was determined from the potassium chloride (KCl)-extractable ammonium-nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of anaerobic incubation at 30°C in the laboratory. Compared to NPK treatment, SOC in the total 0–25 cm layer increased by 67.3, 21.0 and10.8%, and TN increased by 64.2, 19.7 and 10.6%, in CM3, RS and CM1, respectively, and SOC and TN showed a slight reduction in the PK treatment by 5.2 and 5.7%, respectively. Applying rice straw compost (10 Mg ha^?1) instead of rice straw (6 Mg ha^?1) to rice paddies reduced methane production by about 19% after the soils were measured under 8 weeks of anaerobic incubation at 30°C. Soil carbon decomposition potential (Co) and nitrogen mineralization potential (No) were highly correlated with the SOC and TN contents. The mean ratio of Co/No was 4.49, lower than the mean ratio of SOC/TN (13.49) for all treatments, which indicated that the easily decomposed organic matter was from soil microbial biomass and soil proteins.  相似文献   

Changes in the pH,EC, available P,SOC and TN stocks in a single rice paddy after long-term application of inorganic fertilizers and organic matters in a cold temperate region of Japan     

Weiguo Cheng  Agnes T. Padre  Hiroyuki Shiono  Chizuru Sato  Toan Nguyen-Sy  Keitaro Tawaraya  Katsumi Kumagai 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(7):1834-1842

  相似文献   

长期稻草还田对土壤球囊霉素和土壤C、N的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

NIE Jun  ZHOU Jian-Min  WANG Huo-Yan  CHEN Xiao-Qin  DU Chang-Wen 《土壤圈》2007,17(3):295-302

A long-term experiment was conducted to investigate how long-term fertilization and rice straw incorporation into soil affect soil glomalin, C and N. The combined application of chemical fertilizer and straw resulted in a significant increase in both soil easily extractable glomalin （EEG） and total glomalin （TG） concentrations, as compared with application of only chemical fertilizer or no fertilizer application. The EEG and TG concentrations of the NPKS （nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer application ＋ rice straw return） plot were 4.68% and 5.67% higher than those of the CK （unfertilized control） plot, and 9.87% and 6.23% higher than those of the NPK （nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer applied annually） plot, respectively. Application of only chemical fertilizer did not cause a statistically significant change of soil glomalin compared with no fertilizer application. The changes of soil organic C （SOC） and total N （TN） contents demonstrated a similar trend to soil glomalin in these plots. The SOC and TN contents of NPKS plot were 15.01% and 9.18% higher than those of the CK plot, and 8.85% and 14.76% higher than those of the NPK plot, respectively. Rice straw return also enhanced the contents of microbial biomass C （MBC） and microbial biomass N （MBN） in the NPKS plot by 7.76% for MBC and 31.42% for MBN compared with the CK plot, and 12.66% for MBC and 15.07% for MBN compared with the NPK plots, respectively. Application of only chemical fertilizer, however, increased MBN concentration, but decreased MBC concentration in soil.  相似文献   

西湖平原区连续13年定位施肥对麦、稻产量及土壤肥力的影响   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

徐祖祥 《植物营养与肥料学报》2011,17(1):16-21

以浙江省水网平原水稻主产区土壤为对象,通过定位试验,研究了连续13年的不同施肥处理对麦稻产量、土壤养分状况和物理性状的影响。结果表明,化肥配施有机肥可显著提高麦、稻产量; 不同施肥处理的长期定位试验土壤有机质含量和全氮均呈上升趋势,增幅依次为: 栏肥+NPK秸秆+NPKNPK秸秆栏肥CK处理; 土壤碱解氮和速效磷也呈增加趋势,以栏肥+NPK处理的增幅最为明显。土壤物理性状的分析表明,长期施肥均能明显增加土壤水稳性团粒含量和土壤孔隙度。经土壤养分平衡分析,栏肥+NPK、秸秆+NPK和NPK处理的氮和磷呈现盈余,秸秆和CK处理氮和磷亏缺; 栏肥+NPK和秸秆+NPK处理钾基本平衡,NPK、秸秆、栏肥和CK处理钾严重亏缺。长期定位试验进一步证明有机肥与氮、磷、钾化肥长期配合施用可实现当地农作物持续稳产,农田施肥管理要注意适当减少氮、磷投入,增加钾肥施用量,保持农田土壤养分平衡。  相似文献   

Soil Total Nitrogen and Natural 15Nitrogen in Response to Long-Term Fertilizer Management of a Maize–Wheat Cropping System in Northern China     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(3):322-331

The Fengqiu long-term field experiment was established to examine effects of organic manure and mineral fertilizers on soil total nitrogen (N) and natural ¹⁵N abundance. Fertilizer regimes include organic manure (OM), one-half N from organic manure plus one-half N from mineral N fertilizer (1/2OMN), mineral fertilizers [N–phosphorus (P)–potassium (K), NP, NK, PK], and a control. Organic manure (OM and 1/2OMN) significantly increased soil total N and δ¹⁵N, which was expected as a great amount of the N applied remained in soils. Mineral NPK fertilizer and mineral NP fertilizer significantly increased total N and slightly increaed δ¹⁵N. Phosphorus-deficient fertilization (NK) and N-deficient fertilization (PK) had no effect on soil total N. Significantly greater δ¹⁵N was observed in the NK treatment as compared to the control, suggesting that considerable N was lost by ammonia (NH₃) voltalization and denitrification in this P-deficiency fertilization regime.  相似文献   

Changes in natural 15N abundance in paddy soils under different,long-term soil management regimes in the Tohoku region of Japan     

《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):310-317

Abstract

Long-term temporal changes in natural ¹⁵N abundance (δ¹⁵N value) in paddy soils from long-term field experiments with livestock manure and rice straw composts, and in the composts used for the experiments, were investigated. These field experiments using livestock manure and rice straw composts had been conducted since 1973 and 1968, respectively. In both experiments, control plots to which no compost had been applied were also maintained. The δ¹⁵N values of livestock manure compost reflected the composting method. Composting period had no significant effect on the δ¹⁵N value of rice straw compost. The δ¹⁵N values increased in soils to which livestock manure compost was successively applied, and tended to decrease in soils without compost. In soils to which rice straw compost was successively applied, the δ¹⁵N values of the soils remained constant. Conversely, δ¹⁵N values in soils without rice straw compost decreased. The downward trend in δ¹⁵N values observed in soils to which compost and chemical N fertilizer were not applied could be attributed to the natural input of N, which had a lower δ¹⁵N value than the soils. Thus, the transition of the δ¹⁵N values in soils observed in long-term paddy field experiments indicated that the δ¹⁵N values of paddy soils could be affected by natural N input in addition to extraneous N that was applied in the form of chemical N fertilizers and organic materials.  相似文献   

有机物料与化肥配施提高黄泥田水稻产量和土壤肥力   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13  

宓文海  吴良欢  马庆旭  张宣  刘彦伶 《农业工程学报》2016,32(13):103-108

农业有机物料具有资源化再利用的特点,与化肥配施既可以保证作物产量,也可以提升地力。为了建立最适宜的南方低产黄泥田培肥模式,该文在浙江金衢盆地开展3年田间试验研究化肥与不同有机物料(菇渣、紫云英、牛粪和秸秆)配施对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:1)有机物料与化肥配施可以显著提高水稻产量,化肥+菇渣、化肥+紫云英、化肥+牛粪和化肥+秸秆处理下,水稻三年的平均产量分别比单施化肥提高了9.7%、9.5%、12.3%和9.5%;2)有机物料与化肥配合施用,土壤有机质、土壤养分(全氮、有效磷、速效钾和CEC)及土壤容重较单施化肥处理有一定程度的改善,其中,化肥+牛粪效果最明显,有机质质量分数提高了12.5%,土壤有效磷质量分数提高了37.7%,CEC提高了16.1%;3)与单施化肥相比,化肥+菇渣、化肥+牛粪处理下5 mm机械稳定性大团聚体分别提高了10.4%和6.7%,各配施处理均显著降低了团聚体破坏率。总得来讲,连续三年有机物料与化肥配施较单施化肥处理提高了水稻产量、改善了土壤肥力状况、增加了土壤团聚体稳定性,其中又以牛粪与化肥配合施用效果最佳。  相似文献   

冬种绿肥和稻草全量还田对单季稻田土壤理化性质的影响   总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

刘威  秦自果  耿明建  吴礼树  鲁剑巍  鲁君明  曹卫东 《中国土壤与肥料》2017,(4):52-58

采用田间定位试验,研究了冬闲期种植绿肥和稻草全量还田对江汉平原单季稻田土壤理化性质和水稻产量的影响。试验设置稻草不还田水稻不施肥(CK)、稻草不还田单施化肥(NPK)、稻草原位焚烧还田+化肥(RSB+NPK)、稻草全量还田+化肥(RSM+NPK)、稻草不还田单独种植绿肥+化肥(GM+NPK)以及稻草全量还田+种植绿肥+化肥(RSM+GM+NPK),共6个处理。结果表明,与不还田的CK及NPK处理相比,RSM+NPK、GM+NPK和RSM+GM+NPK处理模式均有利于改善土壤物理性状和提高耕层土壤养分及有机质含量,其中多以RSM+GM+NPK处理增幅最大。RSB+NPK处理较CK处理显著提高土壤pH值、土壤有效磷和速效钾含量,但对土壤有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量影响不大。GM+NPK处理与RSM+GM+NPK处理稻谷产量近似,分别较NPK处理显著增加6.9%~11.7%和6.0%~13.4%,3年平均增加9.1%和8.7%,而RSM+NPK和RSB+NPK处理的稻谷产量3年里与NPK处理无显著差异。综合考虑,在江汉平原单季稻作条件下,以冬闲期稻草条带覆盖还田与种植绿肥配合还田为宜,可以改善土壤理化性质,显著提高水稻产量。  相似文献   

Natural 15N and 13C abundance in Andisols influenced by long-term fertilization management in Japan     

Bingzi Zhao  Morihiro Maeda  Yasuo Ozaki 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):555-562

Two field experiments were conducted on Andisols in Japan to evaluate the changes in the natural ¹⁵N and ¹³C abundance in the soil profile and to determine whether the values of δ¹⁵N could be used as an indicator of fertilizer sources or fertilizer fate. The 6-year experiment conducted at the National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) consisted of the following treatments: application of swine compost (COMPOST), slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (SRNF), readily available nitrogen fertilizer (RANF), and absence of fertilization (CONTROL). Experimental plots located at the Nippon Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) received cattle compost at different rates for 12 years; a forest soil at this site was sampled for comparison. Swine compost application led to a considerable change in the δ¹⁵N distribution pattern in the soil profile, with the highest δ¹⁵N values recorded in the top 20 cm layers of the COMPOST plot, decreasing in the sequence of CONTROL >- RANF > SRNF, mainly due to the relatively high δ¹⁵N value of swine compost and its subsequent decomposition. In contrast, SRNF application resulted in the lowest δ¹⁵N values in soil, indicating the presence of negligible nitrogen losses relative to input and low nitrogen cycling rates. Values of δ¹⁵N increased with compost application rates at NARI. In the leachate collected at 1-m depth, the δ¹⁵N values decreased in the sequence of COMPOST > RANF ≥ CONTROL > SRNF. The δ¹³C values in soil peaked in the 40–60 cm layers for all the fertilizers. The δ¹³C value was lowest in forest soil due to the presence of plant residues in soil organic matter. These results indicated that the δ¹⁵N values in the upper soil layers or leachate may enable to detect pollution sources of organic or inorganic nitrogen qualitatively in Andisols.  相似文献   

Effect of the long-term application of organic matter on soil carbon accumulation and GHG emissions from a rice paddy field in a cool-temperate region,Japan. -I. Comparison of rice straw and rice straw compost -     

Fumiaki Takakai  Yasuhiro Kominami  Satoshi Ohno  Osamu Nagata 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2020,66(1):84-95

ABSTRACT

The influence of the long-term combination of rice straw removal and rice straw compost application on methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions and soil carbon accumulation in rice paddy fields was clarified. In each of the initial and continuous application fields (3 and 39?51 years, respectively), three plots with different applications of organic matter were established, namely, rice straw application (RS), rice straw compost application (SC) and no application (NA) plots, and soil carbon storage (0?15 cm), rice grain yield and CH₄ and N₂O fluxes were measured for three years. The soil carbon sequestration rate by the organic matter application was higher in the SC plot than in the RS plot for both the initial and continuous application fields, and it was lower in the continuous application field than in the initial application field. The rice grain yield in the SC plot was significantly higher than those in the other plots in both the initial and continuous application fields. Cumulative CH₄ emissions followed the order of the NA plot < the SC plot < the RS plot for both the initial and continuous application fields. The effect of the organic matter application on the N₂O emissions was not clear. In both the initial and continuous application fields, the increase in CH₄ emission by the rice straw application exceeded the soil carbon sequestration rate, and the change in the net greenhouse gas (GHG) balance calculated by the difference between them was a positive, indicating a net increase in the GHG emissions. However, the change in the GHG balance by the rice straw compost application showed negative (mitigating GHG emissions) for the initial application field, whereas it showed positive for the continuous application field. Although the mitigation effect on the GHG emissions by the combination of the rice straw removal and rice straw compost application was reduced by 21% after 39 years long-term application, it is suggested that the combination treatment is a sustainable management that can mitigate GHG emissions and improve crop productivity.  相似文献   

Soil aggregation and distribution of carbon and nitrogen in different fractions under long-term application of compost in rice–wheat system     

G.P.S. Sodhi  V. Beri  D.K. Benbi   《Soil & Tillage Research》2009,103(2):412

Soil organic matter improves the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, and crop residue recycling is an important factor influencing soil organic matter levels. We studied the impact of continuous application of rice straw compost either alone or in conjunction with inorganic fertilizers on aggregate stability and distribution of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in different aggregate fractions after 10 cycles of rice–wheat cropping on a sandy loam soil at Punjab Agricultural University research farm, Ludhiana, India. Changes in water stable aggregates (WSA), mean weight diameter (MWD), aggregate-associated C and N, total soil C and N, relative to control and inorganically fertilized soil were measured. Total WSA were significantly (p = 0.05) higher for soils when rice straw compost either alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers was applied as compared to control. The application of rice straw compost either alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers increased the macroaggregate size fractions except for 0.25–0.50 mm fraction. The MWD was significantly (p = 0.05) higher in plots receiving rice straw compost either alone at 8 tonnes ha⁻¹ (0.51 mm at wheat harvest and 0.41 mm at rice harvest) or at 2 tonnes ha⁻¹ in combination with inorganic fertilizers (0.43 and 0.38 mm) as compared to control (0.34 and 0.33 mm) or inorganically fertilized plots (0.33 and 0.31 mm). The macroaggregates had higher C and N density compared to microaggregates. Application of rice straw compost at 2 tonnes ha⁻¹ along with inorganic fertilizers (IN + 2RSC) increased C and N concentration significantly over control. The C and N concentration increased further when rice straw compost at 8 tonnes ha⁻¹ (8RSC) was added. It is concluded that soils can be rehabilitated and can sustain the soil C and N levels with the continuous application of rice straw compost either alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers. This will also help in controlling the rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.  相似文献   

Availability of soil and fertilizer nitrogen to wetland rice following wheat straw amendment     

F. Azam  A. Lodhi  M. Ashraf 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1991,11(2):97-100

Summary A pot experiment was conducted to study the availability of soil and fertilizer N to wetland rice as influenced by wheat straw amendment (organic amendment) and to establish the relative significance of the two sources in affecting crop yield. Straw was incorporated in soil at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% before transplanting rice. Inorganic N as ¹⁵N-ammonium sulphate was applied at 30, 60, and 90 g g^-1 soil either alone or together with wheat straw in different combinations. After harvesting the rice, the plant and soil samples were analyzed for total N and ¹⁵N. Straw incorporation significantly decreased the dry matter and N yield of rice, the decrease being greater with higher rates of straw. The reduction in crop yield following the straw incorporation was attributed mainly to a decrease in the uptake of soil N rather than fertilizer N. The harmful effects of organic matter amendment were mitigated by higher levels of mineral N addition. The uptake of applied N increased and its losses decreased due to the straw incorporation. Mineral N applied alone or together with organic amendment substantially increased the uptake of unlabelled soil N. The increase was attributed to a real added N interaction.  相似文献   

The sensitivity of water extractable soil organic carbon fractions to land use in three soil types     

Vladimir Ćirić  Milivoj Belić  Ljiljana Nešić  Srđan Šeremešić  Borivoj Pejić  Atila Bezdan 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(12):1654-1664

Soil organic carbon (SOC) has a high impact on the sustainability of ecosystems, global environmental processes, soil quality and agriculture. Long-term tillage usually leads to SOC depletion. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of different land uses on water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) fractions and to evaluate the interaction between the WEOC fractions and other soil properties. Using an extraction procedure at 20°C and 80°C, two fractions were obtained: a cold water extractable organic carbon (CWEOC) and a hot water extractable organic carbon (HWEOC). The results suggest that there is a significant impact from different land uses on WEOC. A lower relative contribution of WEOC in SOC and a lower concentration of labile WEOC fractions are contained in arable soil compared to forestlands. Chernozem soil was characterized by a lower relative contribution of WEOC to the SOC and thus higher SOC stability in contrast to Solonetz and Vertisol soils. Both CWEOC and HWEOC are highly associated with SOC in the silt and clay fraction (<53 µm) and were slightly associated with SOC in the macroaggregate classes. The WEOC fractions were highly and positively correlated with the SOC and mean weight diameter.  相似文献   

Uptake of carbon and nitrogen through roots of rice and corn plants,grown in soils treated with 13C and 15N dual-labeled cattle manure compost     

Shigekazu Yamamuro  Hideto Ueno  Hiroshi Yamada  Yumiko Takahashi  Yoko Shiga  Syuko Miyahara 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):787-795

Nitrogen and carbon dynamics in paddy and upland soils for rice cultivation and in upland soil for corn cultivation was investigated by using ¹³C and ¹⁵N dual-labeled cattle manure compost (CMC). In a soil with low fertility, paddy and upland rice took up carbon and nitrogen from the CMC at rates ranging from 0.685 to 1.051% of C and 17.6–34.6% of N applied. The ¹³C concentration was much higher in the roots than in the plant top, whereas the ¹⁵N concentration differed slightly between them, indicating that organic carbon taken up preferentially accumulated in roots. The ¹³C recovery in the plant top tended to be higher in upland soil than in paddy soil, whereas ¹⁵N applied was recovered at the same level in both paddy and upland soils. In the experiment with organic farming soil, paddy rice took up C and N from the CMC along with plant growth and the final recovery rates of ¹³C and ¹⁵N were 2.16 and 17.2% of C and N applied. In the corn experiment, a very large amount of carbon from the CMC was absorbed, accounting for at least 7 times value for rice. The final uptake rates of ¹³C and ¹⁵N reached about 13 and 10% of C and N applied, respectively. Carbon emission from the CMC sharply increased by 2 weeks after transplanting and the nitrogen emission was very low. It is concluded that rice and corn can take up an appreciable level of carbon and nitrogen from the CMC through roots.  相似文献   

Effect of the long-term application of organic matter on soil carbon accumulation and GHG emissions from a rice paddy field in a cool-temperate region,Japan-II. Effect of different compost applications-     

Fumiaki Takakai  Keiko Hatakeyama  Mizuhiko Nishida  Takashi Sato  Yoshihiro Kaneta 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2020,66(1):96-105

ABSTRACT

The influence of long-term application of different types of compost on rice grain yield, CH₄ and N₂O emissions, and soil carbon storage (0 ? 30 cm) in rice paddy fields was clarified. Two sets of paddy fields applied with rice straw compost or livestock manure compost mainly derived from cattle were used in this study. Each set comprised long-term application (LT) and corresponding control (CT) plots. The application rates for rice straw compost (42 years) and livestock manure compost (41 years in total with different application rates) were 20 Mg fresh weight ha^–1. Soil carbon storage increased by 33% and 37% with long-term application of rice straw compost and livestock manure compost, respectively. The soil carbon sequestration rate by the organic matter application was 23% higher with the livestock manure compost than with the rice straw compost. The rice grain yield in the LT plot was significantly higher than that in the corresponding CT plot with both types of compost. Although the difference was not significant in the rice straw compost, cumulative CH₄ emissions increased with long-term application of both composts. Increase rate of CH₄ emission with long-term application was higher in the livestock manure compost (99%) than that in the rice straw compost (26%). In both composts, the long-term application did not increase N₂O emission significantly. As with the rice straw compost, the increase in CH₄ emission with the long-term application of livestock manure compost exceeded the soil carbon sequestration rate, and the change in the net greenhouse gas (GHG) balance calculated by the difference between them was positive, indicating a net increase in the GHG emissions. The increase in CH₄ and net GHG emissions owing to the long-term application of the livestock manure compost could be higher than that of the rice straw compost owing to the amount of applied carbon, the quality of compost and the soil carbon accumulation. The possibility that carbon sequestration in the subsoil differs depending on the type of composts suggests the importance of including subsoil in the evaluation of soil carbon sequestration by long-term application of organic matter.  相似文献   

Soil nutrient status and yield of rice as affected by long-term integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. K. Gosal  Sandeep Sharma  S. S. Walia 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(4):539-544

Nutrient balance is the key component to increase crop yields. Excess and imbalanced use of nutrients has caused nutrient mining from the soil and deteriorated crop productivity and ultimately soil health. Replenishment of these nutrients has a direct impact on soil health and crop productivity. Based on this fact, the present research was conducted to determine the effects of long-term integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil nutrient status and yield (grain and straw) in rice. Different combinations of inorganic nitrogen (N) and organic sources (sewage sludge and compost) were applied to the soil. Data revealed that application of mineral NPK in combination with 50% N through compost significantly increased the organic matter content (0.36%), available phosphorus (16.50 kg/ha) and available potassium content (239.80 kg/ha) in soil. The maximum available N (225.12 kg/ha) was found by the substitution of 50% N through sewage sludge. This improvement in soil nutrient status through combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers produced significant increase in grain and straw yield as compared to inorganic fertilizers alone. Maximum grain (6.96 t/ha) and straw (8.56 t/ha) yields were found in treatment having substitution of 50% N (recommended) through compost @10t/ha. Also, a significant positive correlation was found between soil nutrients and straw and grain yield in rice. Thus the study demonstrated that substitution of 50% inorganic N through compost will be a good alternative for improving soil fertility.  相似文献   

Long-term impacts of manure, straw, and fertilizer on amino sugars in a silty clay loam soil under temperate conditions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xueli Ding  Xiaozeng Han  Xudong Zhang 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2013,49(7):949-954

There is increasing evidence that microorganisms participate in soil C sequestration and stabilization in the form of resistant microbial residues. The type of fertilizers influences microbial activity and community composition; however, little is known about its effect on the microbial residues and their relative contribution to soil C storage. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term impact (21 years) of different fertilizer treatments (chemical fertilizer, crop straw, and organic manure) on microbial residues in a silty clay loam soil (Udolls, USDA Soil Taxonomy). Amino sugars were used to indicate the presence and origin of microbial residues. The five treatments were: CK, unfertilized control; NPK, chemical fertilizer NPK; NPKS₁, NPK plus crop straw; NPKS₂, NPK plus double amounts of straw; and NPKM, NPK plus pig manure. Long-term application of inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments increased the total amino sugar concentrations (4.4–8.4 %) as compared with the control; and this effect was more evident in the plots that continuously received pig manure (P?<?0.05). The increase in total amino sugar stock was less pronounced in the straw-treated plots than the NPKM. These results indicate that the accumulation of soil amino sugars is largely influenced by the type of organic fertilizers entering the soil. Individual amino sugar enrichment in soil organic carbon was differentially influenced by the various fertilizer treatments, with a preferential accumulation of bacterial-derived amino sugars compared with fungal-derived glucosamine in manured soil.  相似文献   

秸秆还田配施化肥对稻油轮作土壤有机碳组分及产量影响   总被引：17，自引：4，他引：13  

袁嫚嫚  邬刚  胡润  孙义祥 《植物营养与肥料学报》2017,23(1):27-35

【目的】水稻-油菜轮作是我国重要的农业种植模式。秸秆还田是目前我国秸秆利用最主要、最直接的途径。因此,研究水稻-油菜轮作系统下,秸秆还田配施化肥对水稻和油菜产量、土壤有机质组分及其养分含量的影响,有助于提高水稻和油菜产量,培肥土壤,推进秸秆还田技术的应用。 【方法】通过水稻和油菜7年13季作物的田间定位小区试验,设置了不施氮肥不还田处理（CK）、农民习惯处理（FPP）和3个秸秆还田配施化肥处理（SF1、SF2、SF3:每年水稻秸秆以3000 kg/hm2的量还田,配施不同量氮、磷、钾肥）,分析了各处理土壤有机碳及其组分、土壤养分含量、作物产量和经济效益。 【结果】与不施氮肥处理比较,秸秆还田配合氮、磷、钾平衡施肥能显著提高土壤总有机碳及其各组分、土壤养分含量、作物产量和经济效益。与农民习惯处理相比,秸秆还田配施化肥处理土壤总有机碳、胡敏酸和胡敏素分别显著增加了5.62%~12.08%、9.05%~22.57%和7.93%~10.23%,而水溶性有机碳和富里酸含量差异则不明显;土壤全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别显著提高了6.74%~14.04%、134.67%~249.46%和40.18%~70.54%;水稻、油菜和周年平均产量分别增加了8.55%~19.34%、19.06%~27.27%和10.34%~24.08%;净利润提高了1651~4905 yuan/hm2,但总投入增加了1427~2882 yuan/hm2。秸秆还田配施化肥处理中,以氮、磷、钾肥用量与运筹次数最多的SF3处理土壤各项指标、作物产量和经济效益最高,与之相比,SF2处理在水稻和油菜两季共减少肥料用量255 kg/hm2,而作物周年产量减少不明显。土壤有机碳组分、土壤养分含量及作物产量之间有较好的相关性,而逐步回归分析表明,土壤总氮、胡敏酸、水溶性有机碳含量是水稻和油菜产量主要决定因素。 【结论】秸秆还田配施化肥可以提高土壤有机碳、胡敏酸、胡敏素含量及土壤养分含量,培肥土壤并提高其稳定性,促进作物增产。虽然秸秆还田配施化肥增加了人工和肥料投入,但适宜的化肥用量配合秸秆还田提高了水稻油菜轮作体系的经济效益。  相似文献   

稻草不同还田方式对双季水稻产量及稻米品质的影响   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

曾研华  吴建富  潘晓华  石庆华  朱德峰 《植物营养与肥料学报》2013,19(3):534-542

通过2年田间定位试验,设置施肥区稻草还田（NPK+S）、 稻草烧灰还田（NPK+SI）和稻草不还田（NPK）以及相对应的不施肥区对照共6个处理,研究了不同稻草还田方式对双季水稻产量及稻米品质的影响。结果表明, 在施用等量氮、 磷、 钾养分条件下, NPK+S处理具有提高早稻分蘖数及成穗率、 中后期叶面积指数及地上部干物质量,增加叶片叶绿素含量（SPAD值）, 增加水稻单位面积有效穗数的显著作用,但对晚稻的作用不明显; 早稻NPK+S处理的产量较其他两个处理两年平均增幅为3.78%~8.77%, 晚稻随着稻草还田次数的增加,NPK+S与NPK+SI处理的产量趋于接近,但较NPK处理增产5.66%~7.32%。不施肥条件下,稻草还田（CK+S）处理对早、 晚稻生长发育的影响明显大于稻草烧灰还田（CK+SI）和稻草不还田（CK）, 且其早、 晚稻产量也极显著高于后两个处理。研究还发现,稻草还田能提高早、 晚稻的稻米食味品质,但降低其外观品质和营养品质以及晚稻稻米的加工品质。以上结果说明,进行稻草全量还田对持续提高双季水稻产量具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Dynamics of microbial biomass nitrogen as influenced by organic matter application in paddy fields     

Fujiyoshi Shibahara  Shigekazu Yamamuro  Kazuyuki Inubushi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):167-178

The effects of annual application of rice straw or cow manure compost for 17–20 y on the dynamics of fertilizer N and soil organic N in Gley paddy fields were investigated by using the ¹⁵N tracer technique during the rice cropping season. The chloroform fumigation-extraction method was evaluated to determine the properties of soil microbial biomass under submerged field conditions at the tillering stage before mid-summer drainage, with special reference to the fate of applied NH₄ ⁺-¹⁵N.

The transfer ratios from applied NH₄ ⁺-¹⁵N to immobilized N in soil and to uptake N by rice during given periods varied with the rice growth stages and were affected by organic matter application. The accumulated amounts of netmineralized soil organic N (net-M_j ), immobilized N (I_j ), and denitrified N (D_j ) during the cropping season were estimated to be 14.0–22.5, 6.3–11.2, and 3.4–5.3 g N m^-2, respectively. Values of net-M_j and I_j were larger in the following order: cow manure compost plot > rice straw plot > plot without organic matter application, and their larger increase by the application of cow manure compost contributed to a decrease of the D_j values, as compared with rice straw application.

Values of E _N extra extractable soil total N after fumigation, increased following organic matter application, ranging from 2.1 to 5.4 g N m^-2. Small residual ratios of applied ¹⁵N in the fraction E _N at the end of the given period indicated that re-mineralization of newly-assimilated ¹⁵N through the easily decomposable fraction of microbial biomass had almost ended. Thus, the applicability to paddy field soils of the chloroform fumigation-extraction method was confirmed.  相似文献