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1.
《农业科学学报》2012,11(9):1453-1461
The study comparatively examined the leaf photosynthetic capacities of different adzuki bean cultivars, high-yield 2000-75 and Jihong 9218, and low-yield Hongbao 1 and Wanxuan 1 from flowering to ripening. It showed that after flowering, the leaves of the cultivars gradually aged, the leaf chlorophyll (Chl.), soluble protein (SP) contents, net photosynthetic rates (Pn), transpiration rates (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of the cultivars tended to decline, but the leaf intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of the cultivars tended to rise. The leaf photosynthetic capacities of the cultivars decreased gradually from the lower to the upper nodes. The dry seed yields of the cultivars were positively correlated with their leaf Chl., SP, Pn, and Tr and Gs, and negatively associated with their leaf Ci. At the late growth stages, the high-yield cultivars maintained higher leaf Chl. contents, SP contents, Pn, Tr, and Gs than the low-yield cultivars, indicating that leaf photosynthetic capacity was one of important yield-affecting factors of adzuki bean. Therefore, it was important for a crop at the crucial stage of yield formation to maintain a high leaf chlorophyll content and a high leaf photosynthetic capacity and delay leaf aging. 相似文献
2.
盐胁迫下德景天叶片超微弱发光与光合作用的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以德景天(Sedum hybridum)为材料,分析NaCl胁迫及活性氧调控NaCl胁迫下德景天叶片UWL与光合作用的变化及两者之间的关系。结果表明,在盐胁迫过程中,对照和盐胁迫下景天叶片的净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_i)和叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)和叶绿素总量(Chl)均呈下降趋势,同时UWL强度下降;盐胁迫下以上光合指标均低于对照,同时UWL强度也低于对照。进一步采用H_2O_2和苯甲酸钠处理盐胁迫过程中,NaCl处理(对照)、NaCl+H_2O_2处理和NaCl+苯甲酸钠处理下景天叶片的P_n、T_r、G_s、C_i、Chla、Chlb和Chl均下降,同时UWL强度下降;H_2O_2处理的以上光合指标均低于对照,UWL强度也低于对照;苯甲酸钠处理的光合指标和UWL强度均高于对照。相关性分析也表明,盐胁迫下及活性氧处理盐胁迫下UWL强度均与各光合指标呈明显正相关。结果说明,盐胁迫下及活性氧处理盐胁迫下,UWL强度随着景天叶片光合作用的下降而降低,光合作用与UWL的产生有关。 相似文献
3.
外源6-BA对两种氮素水平下小麦幼苗叶片光合性能及内源激素含量的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
【目的】在盆栽和大田种植条件下,研究两种氮素水平与喷施外源细胞分裂素(6-BA)对小麦幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数、硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性和内源激素含量、产量和其构成因素的影响,为外源激素调控苗期小麦生长提供理论依据。【方法】选用济麦22(JM22)为试验材料,盆栽种植条件下,设置低浓度氮(0.63 mmol·L~(-1))、高浓度氮(3.75 mmol·L~(-1))和叶面喷施清水、30 mg·L~(-1)的6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)及300 mg·L~(-1)的洛伐他汀(Lovastatin)6个喷施组合处理,即高氮下喷清水的对照(HN)、高氮下喷施外源细胞分裂素(HN+6-BA)、高氮下喷施细胞分裂素合成抑制剂(HN+Lov)、低氮下喷清水的对照(LN)、低氮下喷施外源细胞分裂素(LN+6-BA)、低氮下喷施细胞分裂素合成抑制剂(LN+Lov)。处理后每隔3 d,测定叶绿素含量、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数、GS和NR活性、内源激素含量。大田条件下,设置低施氮量(120 kg·hm~(-2),N1)、常规施氮量(240 kg·hm~(-2),N2)、叶面喷施清水、30 mg·L~(-1)的6-BA和300 mg·L~(-1)的Lovastatin 6个喷施组合处理,即N1、N1+6-BA、N1+Lov、N2、N2+6-BA、N2+Lov。于成熟期测定籽粒产量、单位面积穗数、千粒重和穗粒数。【结果】盆栽条件下,与对照相比,喷施外源6-BA显著提高了小麦幼苗地上部植株干重;喷施抑制剂Lovastatin则显著降低小麦幼苗地上部植株干重。与对照HN和LN相比,处理后12d,HN+6-BA和LN+6-BA两处理的植株干重分别提高21.39%、43.92%。与对照HN相比,HN+6-BA处理显著提高了叶片气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)、净光合速率(Pn);处理后12 d,HN+6-BA处理的Gs、Tr、PN、Ci分别提高68.32%、58.66%、30.72%、51.61%。高氮水平的叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)分别比低氮水平高103.39%、94.44%。与对照HN相比,HN+6-BA处理显著提高了9—12 d Chl a含量和3—12 d的叶片Chl b含量。高低氮水平下,喷施Lovastatin均显著降低了Chl a和Chl b含量。高低氮水平下,喷施6-BA显著体高了叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性,而外喷Lovastatin则显著降低了叶片NR及GS活性。快速叶绿素a荧光诱导动力学分析表明外源6-BA处理改变了OJIP曲线。与对照HN相比,HN+6-BA显著提高了Ψo和PIabs,降低了Wk和Vj值。与对照LN处理相比,LN+6-BA处理的Wk和Vj分别降低22.09%和36.05%。外源6-BA对小麦幼苗叶片内源激素含量影响显著。与对照HN相比,HN+6-BA显著提高了3—12 d叶片Zt含量和6—12 d叶片IAA含量。喷施6-BA显著降低了叶片ABA含量,而Lovastatin处理则显著提高了叶片ABA含量。大田试验结果表明,与对照N1和N2相比,喷施外源6-BA显著提高了小麦籽粒产量,N1+6-BA和N2+6-BA处理的籽粒产量分别提高10.48%和16.61%。【结论】外源6-BA与氮素配合施用,通过提高内源Zt含量,降低内源ABA含量,一方面提高了Chl a及CHl b含量和NR及GS活性,进而改善了叶片氮素同化能力和光能捕获、传递转化能力;另一方面提高了PSII反应中心电子传递链供体侧和受体侧的电子传递能力,进而改善了改善光系统性能,提高叶片光合性能,叶片积累较多的光合产物,从而提高苗期地上部植株干重,最终提高了籽粒产量。 相似文献
4.
以盐肤木(Rhus chinensis)、假连翘(Duranta repens)、老鸭嘴(Thunbergia erecta)和葛藤(Pueraria lobata)4种幼苗为试验材料,研究了人工模拟下的低温胁迫环境(6 ℃)对幼苗叶片生理生化及光合特性的影响。结果表明:(1) 随低温胁迫的延长,假连翘幼苗的叶绿素含量先升后降,其余3种幼苗持续下降,低温解除后均显著回升;4种幼苗的脯氨酸含量持续上升或波动;葛藤幼苗的可溶性蛋白质含量先升后降,其余幼苗显著上升, 且低温解除后有所增加;4种幼苗叶片可溶性糖含量以及丙二醛含量呈增加趋势,SOD活性持续上升或先升后降。低温解除后,盐肤木幼苗的SOD活性略有上升,其余幼苗显著下降。(2) 随低温胁迫的延长,4种幼苗的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)均持续下降,假连翘的胞间CO2浓度(Ci)持续上升,其余幼苗先降后升。低温解除后4种幼苗叶片Pn、Gs、Tr均有不同程度的回升,Ci有不同程度的下降。低温胁迫和恢复48 h期间,4种幼苗的脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量的增加和SOD活性的稳定或增加,减轻了幼苗叶片细胞的膜脂过氧化程度, 维持了细胞膜的完整性,是幼苗对低温胁迫适应性反应的重要调节机制。恢复48 h时的Pn、Gs和Tr均有不同程度的回升,Ci有不同程度的下降,说明4种幼苗有一定的抗寒能力。(3)用主成分分析法分别对生理生化指标和光合生理指标进行分析,均得出4种幼苗的抗寒性顺序为葛藤>盐肤木>老鸭嘴>假连翘,这一结果可为采矿石废弃地生态恢复的植物筛选提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
钼污染对冬小麦光合作用特性及产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用土壤培养试验研究了不同钼水平对冬小麦光合作用特性及产量的影响。结果表明:适量施钼(0.15 mg·kg~(-1))能够增加缺钼土壤上冬小麦的叶绿素含量、净光合速率(P_n)和产量;0.15~2000 mg·kg~(-1)条件下,随钼水平的提高,冬小麦叶绿素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)和产量呈下降趋势;随着P_n下降,胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)和Gs呈下降趋势,推测气孔限制是导致P_n下降的主要因素;叶绿素a/b值呈上升趋势,表明叶绿素a向叶绿素b的转化受阻,从而抑制光合作用。极端钼污染条件下(3000~4000 mg·kg~(-1))冬小麦不能完成其生命周期。 相似文献
6.
With water culture, this paper studied the effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on the net photosynthetic rate (P
n), intercellular CO2 concentrations (C
i), stomatal conductance (G
s), transpiration rate (T
r), apparent quantum yield (Φ
c), and carboxylation efficiency (CE) of cucumber seedlings under hypoxia stress. The results showed that P
n decreased gradually under the hypoxia stress, and reached the minimum 10 days later, which was 63.33% of the control. Compared
with that of the hypoxia-stressed plants, the P
n 10 days after the application of exogenous Spd increased by 1.25 times. A negative correlation (R
2=0.473−0.7118) was found between P
n and C
i, and G
s and T
r changed in wider ranges, which decreased under the hypoxia-stress, but increased under the hypoxia-stress plus exogenous
Spd application. There was a significant positive correlation between G
s and T
r (R
2=0.7821−0.9458), but these two parameters had no significant correlation with P
n. The hypoxia stress induced a decrease of Φ
c and CE by 63.01% and 72.33%, respectively, while the hypoxia stress plus exogenous Spd application made Φ
c and CE increase by 23% and 14%, respectively. The photo-inhibition of cucumber seedlings under hypoxia stress was mainly caused
by non-stomatal inhibition, while the exogenous Spd alleviating the hypoxia stress by repairing photosynthesis systems.
__________
Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(9): 1609–1612 [译自: 应用生态学报] 相似文献
7.
为研究Burkholderia multivorans WS-FJ9对杨树Populus的促生机制,采用LI-6400XT便携式光合仪对接菌后的杨树叶片的光合指标及荧光参数进行了测定,同时对杨树叶片的叶绿素质量分数及杨树的苗高、地径和生物量进行了测定。结果表明:在处理期内,接种WS-FJ9菌株处理的净光合速率(Pn),蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)均呈先上升后下降趋势,胞间二氧化碳摩尔分数(Ci)呈先下降后上升趋势,Pn和Tr在整个处理期均高于对照,Ci在整个处理期均低于对照,Gs在第30天时低于对照,其后均高于对照。荧光参数Fv/Fm和ΦPSⅡ值均高于对照;叶绿素总量及叶绿素a/b比值均高于对照;杨树实生苗接菌处理150 d后的苗高、地径和生物量均显著高于对照。研究结果从光合作用及生物量的角度阐明了WS-FJ9菌株对NL-895杨的促生机制,为生物菌肥的开发与利用提供了参考依据。 相似文献
8.
Relationships between plant water status and gas exchange parameters at increasing levels of water stress were determined in Algerie loquats which grown in 50 I pots. Changes in soil water content and stem water potential and their effects on stomatal conductance(G_s) and net photosynthesis(P_n) rate were followed in control plants and in plants without irrigation until the latter reached near permanent wilting point and some leaf abscission took place. Then, the irrigation was restarted and the comparison repeated. Soil water content and stem water potential gradually diminished in response to drought reaching the minimum values of 0.9 mm and –5.0 MPa, respectively, 9 days after watering suspension. Compromised plant water status had drastic effects on G_s values that dropped by 97% in the last day of the drought period. P_n was diminished by 80% at the end of the drought period. The increasing levels of water stress did not cause a steady increase in leaf temperature in non-irrigated plants. Non-irrigated plants wilted and lost some leaves due to the severity of the water stress. However, all non-irrigated plants survived and reached similar P_n than control plants just a week after the irrigation was restarted, confirming drought tolerance of loquat and suggesting that photosynthesis machinery remained intact. 相似文献
9.
【目的】探讨夜间低温对白菜型冬油菜叶片光合机构的影响机理及品种间差异。【方法】采用人工气候室内模拟夜间低温对白菜型冬油菜幼苗叶片气孔形态、叶绿体超微结构、光合特性及产物分配与积累的影响。【结果】昼/夜温度为20℃/10℃时,与弱抗寒品种天油2号相比,超强抗寒品种陇油7号生长点较低,株型匍匐,叶色深,叶绿素含量、胞间CO2 浓度（Ci）、叶片净光合速率（Pn）处于同一显著水平。当夜间温度降至5℃处理7 d后,不同抗寒品种气孔导度（Gs）、Ci、Pn下降,叶绿素含量、根/冠升高,表明低夜温下不同品种均有更多光合产物被优先输送到根部;天油2号叶片叶缘、叶尖呈卷曲状或水渍斑状,表现明显冻害症状,陇油7号叶色加深,叶片平展,生长点下陷,未见冻害;夜温降低处理后白菜型冬油菜叶片叶绿素均升高,不同品种叶绿素升高幅度明显不同,天油2号比对照升高6.0%,陇油7号升高9.6%;此时,天油2号大部分气孔关闭或半关闭,其叶片胞间Ci高于陇油7号,GS、Pn显著低于陇油7号,表明在夜间温度为5℃时,天油2号光合作用受到显著抑制,非气孔限制是引起其光合效率降低的主要原因;而陇油7号在5℃低夜温条件下,叶片气孔大部分仍保持开放,叶片Pn、Ci虽略有下降,但与对照（昼夜温度为20℃/10℃）处于同一显著水平,在5℃低夜温条件下仍保持较高的光合能力。昼/夜温度为20℃/10℃时,白菜型冬油菜叶绿体紧贴细胞内壁整齐排列,基粒片层垛堞整齐紧密,基质片层整齐有序,叶绿体外形呈梭状或单面凹透镜形,内含淀粉颗粒,陇油7号淀粉粒数量和直径均大于天油2号;当昼/夜温度降为20℃/-5℃时,天油2号下部叶片已全部干枯,持绿叶片叶出现水渍状冻害,陇油7号心叶深绿色,下部叶变黄,但叶片平展,叶面呈块状泛红;天油2号相邻叶绿体融合、叶绿体外膜破裂、释放出內溶物,基粒溶解、基质片层断裂,叶绿体膜有序结构完全损坏;陇油7号叶绿体外膜完整清晰,保持部分基粒结构,基质片层结构较完整,其内仍有少量淀粉粒存在;-5℃低夜温处理后冬油菜不同品种Ci升高,叶绿素含量、Gs、Pn下降;但不同品种叶绿素含量、气体交换参数等存在显著差异,天油2号叶绿素含量显著低于陇油7号,其Pn迅速降低到0.210 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1,比对照下降256.2%,陇油7号Pn为0.434 μmolCO2·m-2·s-1,是天油2号的2.06倍,在-5℃低夜温处理后陇油7号仍有较高的光合速率;陇油7号根/冠显著高于天油2号,表明陇油7号更多光合物质被优先输送到根部保存。【结论】低夜温造成白菜型冬油菜叶绿体光合膜结构损伤,引起叶片Pn降低,昼/夜温度为20℃/5℃时,Pn的下降主要与气孔限制相关,而昼/夜温度为20℃/-5℃时,Pn下降主要由非气孔限制引起。 相似文献
10.
通过研究不同季节小蓬竹净光合速率日变化及生理生态因子的相互关系,明确不同季节的外界环境下其光合作用的主导生理生态因子。以春季(4月)、夏季(7月)、秋季(9月)、冬季(1月)的小蓬竹为材料,采用Li-6400便携式光合分析仪测定净光合速率和环境因子,并运用相关分析与通径分析方法,对其净光合速率与生理生态因子间的的相互性进行分析。结果表明:(1)4月、7月以及9月净光合速率日变化(P_n)呈双峰曲线,具有明显的光合"午休"过程;1月呈单峰曲线,无光合"午休"过程。(2)不同月份小蓬竹叶片温度(TL)、光合有效辐射(PAR)日变化均呈现先增加后降低趋势,气孔导度(G_s)的日变化与Pn日变化相似,呈现双峰型变化;(3)小蓬竹在春、冬两季内,PAR均是决策变量,TL均是限制变量;夏、秋两季决策变量则是G_s,限制变量为叶片蒸汽压亏缺(Vpd L)和胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)。研究表明,4月份小蓬竹P_n下降主要是由于非气孔限制引起,7月份主要是由气孔限制所致,而9月份则由气孔限制与非气孔限制交替进行造成。不同季节影响小蓬竹Pn日变化的主要生理生态因子不尽相同,其中,主要生态因子是PAR、TL和Vpd L,主要生理因子是G_s和C_i。 相似文献
11.
选择亚热带地区重要特种经济树种樟树Cinnamomum camphora为研究对象。通过盆栽试验,研究了不同梯度下的酸雨在不同季节对3年生樟树幼苗的净光合速率（Pn）,气孔导度（Gs）,蒸腾速率（Tr）,水分利用率（EWU）等生理参数的影响。结果显示,樟树幼苗的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和水分利用率随酸雨强度、季节和年份的不同均产生显著变化。酸雨处理的初期,中等强度的酸雨（pH 4.0）提高了樟树幼苗的净光合速率与气孔导度。在2008和2009年秋季的处理中,净光合速率和蒸腾速率在不同强度酸雨影响下表现为pH 4.0＞pH 5.6＞pH 2.5。樟树幼苗的水分利用率在夏季随酸雨强度的增加而变大,但在秋季无明显变化。酸雨、季节和年份的单独作用、两两交互作用,酸雨＋季节＋年份三者的交互作用对樟树幼苗的光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率均有影响。其中酸雨＋季节对樟树幼苗的气孔导度影响不显著（P＞0.05）,但对净光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用率的影响显著（P＜0.05）。图4表1参27 相似文献
12.
臭氧与干旱胁迫对海南蒲桃和盆架子幼苗光合生理的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以海南蒲桃（Syzygium hainanense）和盆架子（Alstonia scholaris）幼苗为材料,置于开顶气室进行人工臭氧熏气和干旱处理。通过测定0 d、15 d、30 d时2种树木幼苗叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度及蒸腾速率,计算气孔限制值,分析这些指标在臭氧胁迫和干旱胁迫下的变化情况。结果显示：⑴受臭氧和干旱胁迫的影响,2种幼苗叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率随处理时间的延长呈现下降,胞间CO2浓度和气孔限制值上升或下降,臭氧与干旱交叉胁迫的影响大于臭氧或干旱单一胁迫。在臭氧胁迫下,海南蒲桃幼苗的净光合速率下降以气孔限制为主,干旱胁迫下以非气孔限制为主。（2）盆架子幼苗在臭氧胁迫和干旱胁迫下从气孔限制转为非气孔限制,说明海南蒲桃的抗臭氧能力强于盆架子,抗旱能力不如盆架子;臭氧和干旱交叉胁迫下,2种幼苗的净光合速率下降均以非气孔限制为主,说明他们抗臭氧与干旱交叉胁迫的能力相近。 相似文献
13.
以晋麦47为对照,选用HM 385、西农6082、旱丰115、普冰476和西农418等不同基因型旱地冬小麦为材料,通过测定小麦旗叶净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2体积分数(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和SPAD值等植物生理指标,比较不同基因型小麦光合生理指标和产量及产量构成因素的差异,分析旱地条件下Pn与产量及产量构成因素的相关性。结果表明,HM 385在3个生育时期的旗叶平均Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr、SPAD值均最高,分别较对照高8.7%、21.8%、6.6%、6.7%和15.2%,其次是西农418,而西农6082、旱丰115和普冰476表现一般;各基因型小麦产量表现为:HM 385对照西农418西农6082普冰476旱丰115,5个基因型小麦产量均与对照有显著差异(P0.05);旱地冬小麦开花期Pn与小麦产量相关性(r=0.709)达极显著水平。可见,HM 385具有较高的光能利用率,可以作为旱地条件下优良品种的种质资源;在旱地冬小麦高产品种的选用中,小麦开花期旗叶的Pn可作为重要参考指标。 相似文献
14.
Ya-wei WU Qiang LI Rong JIN Wei CHEN Xiao-lin LIU Fan-lei KONG Yong-pei KE Hai-chun SHI Ji-chao YUAN 《农业科学学报》2019,18(6):1246-1256
Nitrogen(N) is a critical element for plant growth and productivity that influences photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence. We investigated the effect of low-N stress on leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of maize cultivars with difference in tolerance to low N levels. The low-N tolerant cultivar ZH311 and low-N sensitive cultivar XY508 were used as the test materials. A field experiment(with three N levels: N0, 0 kg ha–1; N1, 150 kg ha–1; N2, 300 kg ha–1) in Jiyanyang, Sichuan Province, China, and a hydroponic experiment(with two N levels: CK, 4 mmol L–1; LN, 0.04 mmol L–1) in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China were conducted. Low-N stress significantly decreased chlorophyll content and rapid light response curves of the maximum fluorescence under light(Fm′), fluorescence instable state(Fs), non-photochemical quenching(qN), the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry under dark-adaption(Fv/Fm), potential activity of PSII(Fv/Fo), and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII(ΦPSII) of leaves. Further, it increased the chlorophyll(Chl) a/Chl b values and so on. The light compensation point of ZH311 decreased, while that of XY508 increased. The degree of variation of these indices in low-N tolerant cultivars was lower than that in low-N sensitive cultivars, especially at the seedling stage. Maize could increase Chl a/Chl b, apparent quantum yield and light saturation point to adapt to N stress. Compared to low-N sensitive cultivars, low-N tolerant cultivars maintained a higher net photosynthetic rate and electron transport rate to maintain stronger PSII activity, which further promoted the ability to harvest and transfer light. This might be a photosynthetic mechanism by which low-N tolerant cultivar adapt to low-N stress. 相似文献
15.
Suriyan Cha-Um Souvanh Thadavong Chalermpol Kirdmanee 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2009,3(3):266-273
Osmotic stress is one of the most important abiotic factors which inhibit growth and development in both the vegetative and
reproductive stages of many plant species. The aim of this investigation was to compare the biochemical and physiological
responses in C3 rice and C4 sorghum to water deficit. Chlorophyll a (Chla), chlorophyll b (Chlb), total chlorophyll (TC) and total carotenoid (Cx+c) contents in both rice and sorghum seedlings under osmotic stress were adversely affected, related to increasing osmotic
pressure in the culture media. In addition, the chlorophyll’s fluorescence parameters and net photosynthetic rate (P
n
) decreased, leading to growth reduction. Also, a positive correlation was found between physiological and biochemical data,
while proline accumulation showed a negative relationship. The Chlb, P
n
and fresh weight were maintained better in osmotic-stressed (− 1.205 MPa) C4 sorghum seedlings than those in C3 rice seedlings. The growth and physiological responses of C3 rice and C4 sorghum decreased depending on the plant species, the osmotic pressure in the media and their interactions. Pigment content
and P
n
ability in C4 sorghum grown under mannitol-induced osmotic stress increased to a greater degree than in C3 rice, resulting in maintenance of growth. 相似文献
16.
于2010年5月25日(拔节、分枝期)、7月6日(抽穗、结荚期)、8月25日(开花期)晴朗天气,采用LI-6400便携式光合作用测定系统对新引1号东方山羊豆和柳枝稷各项光合生理生态指标进行了测定.结果表明:(1)新引1号东方山羊豆净光合速率(Pn)日变化呈双峰曲线,存在“光合午休”现象;分枝期Pn、光能利用效率(LUE)、水分利用效率(WUE)日均值高于结荚期,而结荚期的叶温(Tl)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)日均值高于分枝期.(2)柳枝稷的Pn日变化呈单峰曲线,拔节期Pn、Tr日均值高于抽穗期,开花期最低;WUE与Ci日均值在开花期最高,拔节期次之,抽穗期最小;Tl、LUE日均值在抽穗期最高,拔节期次之,开花期最小.(3)Pn与Tr、Gs、叶片气孔限制值(Ls)、光合有效辐射(PAR)具有极显著正相关关系,与Ci呈极显著负相关;Tr与Gs、叶温下蒸汽压亏缺(Vpdl)、气温(Ta)、Tl、PAR均呈极显著正相关关系,与大气CO2浓度(Ca)呈显著负相关;Tl、Gs与PAR呈极显著正相关.(4)通过光响应曲线的绘制及相关生理指标的计算,结合相关评价标准,得出柳枝稷为阳生植物,而新引1号东方山羊豆为耐荫植物,且柳枝稷比新引1号东方山羊豆对光环境的适应性强. 相似文献
17.
甘蔗光合指标与抗旱性关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用因子分析方法研究了甘蔗叶片净光合速率（Pn）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、水分利用率（WUE）、PSⅡ原初光能转换效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ潜在活性（Fv/Fo）等光合参数与抗旱性的关系。结果表明,通过因子分析将7个甘蔗光合性状指标用2个因子表示,累加方差贡献率达到87.6%。因子l主要是反映Fv/Fo,Pn,Fv/Fm,Gs,Tr对甘蔗品种抗旱性起支配作用;因子2中,Ci,WUE对甘蔗品种抗旱性起主导作用。甘蔗参试品种的因子分析结果与农艺性状基本一致,表明利用因子分析甘蔗光合性状指标是可行的。 相似文献
18.
Qi DU Xin-hua ZHAO Le XIA Chun-ji JIANG Xiao-guang WANG Yi HAN Jing WANG Hai-qiu YU 《农业科学学报》2019,18(2):395-406
Potassium(K)deficiency significantly decreases photosynthesis due to leaf chlorosis induced by accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).But,the physiological mechanism for adjusting antioxidative defense system to protect leaf function in maize(Zea mays L.)is unknown.In the present study,four maize inbred lines(K-tolerant,90-21-3 and 099;K-sensitive,D937 and 835)were used to analyze leaf photosynthesis,anatomical structure,chloroplast ultrastructure,ROS,and antioxidant activities.The results showed that the chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(P_n),stomatal conductance(G_s),photochemical quenching(q_P),and electron transport rate of PSII(ETR)in 90-21-3 and 099 were higher than those in D937 and 835 under K deficiency treatment.Parameters of leaf anatomical structure in D937 that were significantly changed under K deficiency treatment include smaller thickness of leaf,lower epidermis cells,and vascular bundle area,whereas the vascular bundle area,xylem vessel number,and area in 90-21-3 were significantly larger or higher.D937 also had seriously damaged chloroplasts and PSII reaction centers along with increased superoxide anion(O_2~-·)and hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2).Activities of antioxidants,like superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and ascorbate peroxidase(APX),were significantly stimulated in 90-21-3 resulting in lower levels of O_2~-·and H_2O_2.These results indicated that the K-tolerant maize promoted antioxidant enzyme activities to maintain ROS homeostasis and suffered less oxidative damage on the photosynthetic apparatus,thereby maintaining regular photosynthesis under K deficiency stress. 相似文献
19.
镁对黄瓜生长和光合特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
温室条件下研究了镁胁迫对黄瓜开花结果期生长和光合特性的影响.结果表明,镁胁迫抑制了黄瓜的生长,降低了黄瓜产量和黄瓜叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素的含量;黄瓜叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的日变化在缺镁胁迫下呈单峰曲线变化,而在多镁胁迫下Pn和Tr呈近似双峰曲线,Gs和Ci呈近似倒抛物线;多镁和适镁处理叶片的光饱和点、CO2饱和点以及表观量子效率和羧化效率均大于缺镁处理.缺镁胁迫下黄瓜光合作用主要是受非气孔限制,而多镁胁迫下气孔因素和非气孔因素二者兼具. 相似文献
20.
Effects of post-silking water deficit on the leaf photosynthesis and senescence of waxy maize 
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下载免费PDF全文 Waxy maize is widely cultivated under rainfed conditions and frequently suffers water shortage during the late growth stage. In this study, a pot trial was conducted to examine the effects of post-silking drought on leaf photosynthesis and senescence and its influence on grain yield. Two waxy maize hybrids, Suyunuo 5(SYN5) and Yunuo 7(YN7), were grown under the control and drought(soil moisture content was 70–80% and 50–60%, respectively) conditions after silking in 2016 and 2017. The decrease in yield was 11.1 and 15.4% for YN7 and SYN5, respectively, owing to the decreased grain weight and number. Post-silking dry matter accumulation was reduced by 27.2% in YN7 and 26.3% in SYN5. The contribution rate of pre-silking photoassimilates transferred to grain yield was increased by 15.6% in YN7 and 10.2% in SYN5, respectively. Post-silking drought increased the malondialdehyde content, but decreased the contents of water, soluble protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoid in the leaves. The weakened activities of enzymes involved in photosynthesis(ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) and antioxidant system(catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) reduced the photosynthetic rate(P_n) and accelerated leaf senescence. The correlation results indicated that reduced Pn and catalase activity and increased malondialdehyde content under drought conditions induced the decrease of post-silking photoassimilates deposition, ultimately resulted in the grain yield loss. 相似文献