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LI Fu YAN Dong GAO Li-feng LIU Pan ZHAO Guang-yao JIA Ji-zeng REN Zheng-long 《农业科学学报》2022,21(5):1243-1252
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important staple crops worldwide. The phytohormone auxin plays critical roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. However, only a few auxin-related genes have been genetically demonstrated to be involved in the control of plant architecture in wheat thus far. In this study, we characterized an auxin-related gene in wheat, TaIAA15, and found that its ectopic expression in rice decreased the plant height and increased the leaf angle. Correlation analysis indicated that TaIAA15-3B was associated with plant height (Ph), spike length (SL) and 1 000-grain weight (TGW) in wheat, and Hap-II of TaIAA15-3B was the most favored allele and selected by modern breeding in China. This study sheds light on the role of auxin signaling on wheat plant architecture as well as yield related traits. 相似文献
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The 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD) activities of cytochrome P450s and differential expression of six cytochrome P450 genes induced by the volatiles from both damaged and undamaged maize plants were investigated in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). The ECOD activity changed with time of exposure to maize volatiles. At 36 h after cotton bollworm larvae exposure to maize volatiles, the ECOD activities in cotton bollworm damaged and artificially damaged groups were 2.36 and 4.53 times higher than the control group respectively. The relative expression levels of CYP4S1, CYP6B2 and CYP6B7 in the cotton bollworm were significantly increased in artificially damaged plant group, which was 2.93, 5.09 and 10.66 times higher than that in the control group, respectively. The expression levels of CYP6B2, CYP6B6, CYP9A12, and CYP9A14 were much lower in the larvae exposure to volatiles from both healthy and pest damaged maize seedlings than in the control group at 12 h after larvae exposure to maize volatiles. For the cotton bollworm damaged maize group, the expression of CYP4S1 and CYP9A14 increased. 相似文献
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【目的】鉴定生长素胁迫条件下纯合突变体vps25的表型,获得拟南芥液泡分选蛋白AtVPS25的互作蛋白,并分析AtVPS25和其互作蛋白在生长素响应过程中的功能及其分子机制。【方法】根据“三引物法”鉴定突变体;通过观察拟南芥vps25突变体在外加生长素的培养基上的表型,鉴定AtVPS25的功能;以AtVPS25为诱饵蛋白,采用泛素分离系统筛选在拟南芥中与其互作的蛋白;利用酵母互作试验和双分子荧光互补试验（BiFC）验证AtVPS25与AtAIR12（for Auxin-Induced in Root cultures）的互作关系;鉴定AtVPS25和AtAIR12蛋白在植物细胞中的定位情况;采用Real-time PCR方法,分析在生长素处理条件下,部分生长素运输相关基因在拟南芥vps25突变体中的表达变化。【结果】Real-time PCR结果显示,10 μmol•L-1 IAA处理条件下,在野生型拟南芥（WT）中,AtVPS25的表达量随着胁迫时间的增长而增高,并在12 h达到最高,约为0 h的40倍,证明AtVPS25受生长素处理的诱导表达。利用泛素分离系统筛库获得AtVPS25的互作蛋白AtAIR12、AtVPS25与AtAIR12全长蛋白序列的酵母双杂交试验证明AtVPS25与AtAIR12互作。亚细胞定位试验证明AtVPS25定位在细胞膜和细胞质中,AtAIR12定位在细胞膜及叶绿体膜上。BiFC（双分子荧光互补）试验结果显示,AtVPS25蛋白与AtAIR12蛋白互作,并且互作位点在细胞膜和细胞质中。突变体鉴定获得纯合突变体vps25。vps25在0.1 mg•L-1 IAA条件下生长,表现为主根伸长受到抑制,并且相对同一条件下的WT的主根长度差异极显著（P＜0.01）,而同时侧根数无明显差异,这与已报道的air12-1突变体在生长素处理条件下的表型相似。10 μmol•L-1 IAA处理时,在WT背景条件下,AtAIR12的表达量对IAA响应明显,并且随着胁迫时间的增长而增高,在12 h时达到最高,约为0 h的80倍,证明10 μmol•L-1 IAA处理条件下,WT中AtAIR12表达量的变化趋势与AtVPS25完全相同。同时在vps25突变体背景条件下,AtAIR12的表达相对于WT受到抑制,在0-24 h表达量无明显变化。此外,在vps25突变体背景条件下,生长素输出载体基因AtPIN2相对于WT中表达量降低,生长素输入载体基因AtLAX2相对于WT中表达量提高。【结论】拟南芥液泡分拣蛋白基因AtVPS25受IAA诱导表达,参与调控植物主根的发育,AtVPS25可以与生长素响应蛋白AtAIR12在细胞质和细胞膜上互作,AtVPS25调控部分生长素相关基因的表达,AtVPS25通过调控这些下游基因的表达影响生长素在根部的响应。AtVPS25与AtAIR12的调控机制需要进一步深入研究。 相似文献
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高粱生长素反应因子(ARF)基因的全基因组分析与进化研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
生长素在植物发育中的各个阶段都起着重要作用,而生长素反应因子(auxin response factors,ARF)特异性的调节生长素反应基因的表达,是植物细胞中重要的一类转录因子家族.在拟南芥、玉米、水稻等模式作物中先后克隆了一些ARF基因,但是高粱作为一种重要的经济作物,这方面的研究未见报道.随着高粱全基因组序列的公布,利用基因组序列分析ARF基因的数目、结构、进化具有重要的意义.利用公布的高粱全基因组数据,利用DNATOOLS、BLAST、MEGA4.0以及Genomepixelizer等生物信息学软件对高粱(Sorghum bicolor)生长素反应因子ARF基因的数量、物理位置、系统进化树、氨基酸序列及保守基序(motif)的保守性等进行分析. 结果表明, 在高粱全基因组中共有26个ARF基因,26个ARF基因根据其进化关系分为A、B、C 3类; 通过对全基因组内ARF基因进行物理位置和基因家族分析,发现高粱基因组中ARF基因存在明显的基因复制现象, 基因的复制对高粱基因组中ARF基因数量扩张起到了重要的作用. 相似文献
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Isolation and Expression Analysis of Two Genes Encoding Cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase from Cotton （Gossypium hirsutum） 
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下载免费PDF全文 Two genes （GhC4H1 and GhC4H2） that encode putative cotton cinnamate 4-hydroxylases that catalyze the second step in the phenylpropanoid pathway were isolated from developing cotton fibers. GhC4H1 and GhC4H2 each contain open reading frames of 1 518 base pairs （bp） in length and both encode proteins consisting of 505 amino acid residues. They are 90.89% identical to each other at the amino acid sequence level and belong to class I of plant C4Hs. GhC4H1 and GhC4H2 genomic DNA are 2 247 and 2 161 bp long, respectively, and contain two introns located at conserved positions relative to the coding sequence. GhC4HI and GhC4H2 promoters were isolated and found to contain many cis-elements （boxes P, L and AC-1 element） previously identified in the promoters of other phenylpropanoid pathway genes. Histochemical staining showed GUS expression driven by the GhC4H1 and GhC4H2 promoters in ovules and fibers tissues. GhC4H1 and GhC4H2 were also widely expressed in other cotton tissues. GhC4H2 expression reached its highest level during the elongation stage of fiber development, whereas GhC4H1 expression increased during the secondary wall development period in cotton fibers. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the biochemical role of GhC4H1 and GhC4H2 in cotton fiber development. 相似文献
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【目的】预测并分析可侵染棉花的病原菌基因组编码的碳水化合物酶类CAZymes,以内生菌绿色木霉和枯草芽孢杆菌为对照,通过碳水化合物酶类家族比较分析确定与病原菌侵染相关的植物细胞壁降解酶类,为细胞壁降解酶参与病原菌侵染机理的研究提供理论依据。【方法】利用已公布的可侵染棉花的7个病原菌全基因组编码蛋白序列,以内生菌绿色木霉为参照,应用BLASTP方法确定共有的核心基因集并构建系统发育树;通过BLASTP方法对基因组编码蛋白的CAZymes进行注释,统计并比较分析病原菌与内生菌CAZymes各个家族基因的差异,获得病原菌相对于内生菌发生扩增的植物细胞壁降解酶类家族;应用MEGA 4.0构建CAZymes亚家族的系统发育树,确定与致病性或者侵染特性相关的CAZymes。【结果】根据共有核心基因集构建了棉花病原菌的系统发育树,初步明确了侵染棉花根部和地上组织病原菌在进化上的差异。CAZymes注释和比较分析表明,病原菌编码的果胶、纤维素、淀粉和木聚糖降解酶类的数量相对于内生菌均有扩增。进一步分析发现,6个果胶降解酶类亚家族（GH35、GH78、GH105、PL1、PL3和PL4）、2个纤维素降解酶类亚家族（GH61和CBM1）、淀粉降解酶类CBM20亚家族和木聚糖降解酶类GH43亚家族相对于内生菌发生了显著扩增;同时,系统发育树分析还发现病原菌PL1和PL3亚家族衍生出了与致病性或者侵染方式相关的基因。【结论】本研究通过7个棉花病原菌与2个内生菌CAZymes的比较分析,发现了棉花病原菌基因组中10个与植物细胞壁降解相关的CAZymes亚家族（GH35、GH43、GH61、GH78、GH105、PL1、PL3、PL4、CBM1和CBM20）显著扩增,它们参与了植物细胞壁组分果胶、纤维素、淀粉和木聚糖的降解作用,初步明确了与棉花病原菌侵染相关的植物细胞壁降解酶类家族及其与病原菌侵染特性的关系。 相似文献
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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of StPP2C gene family in response to multiple stresses in potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 WANG Yi-fan LIAO Yu-qiu WANG Ya-peng YANG Jiang-wei ZHANG Ning SI Huai-jun 《农业科学学报》2020,19(6):1609-1624
The plant protein phosphatase 2Cs(PP2Cs) play an essential role in response to stress and abscisic acid(ABA) signaling pathway. However, to date, no systemic characterization of the PP2Cs has yet been conducted in potato(Solanum tuberosum L.). In the study, a comprehensive research was performed on genome-wide identification and expression analysis of StPP2C genes in potato. A total of 78 potato StPP2C genes were identified based on specific structure of PP2C domain, which were distributed across 11 out of 12 potato chromosomes and divided into 12(A–L) phylogenetic branches. The result from gene duplication analysis showed that 14 StPP2Cs were involved in gene tandem duplication and 8 genes formed fragment duplication events, which indicated that both tandem and fragment duplication contributed to the expansion of the gene family in evolution. Exon–intron structural analysis showed that they had a wide range of exon numbers. Analysis of protein conservative motif demonstrated that StPP2Cs contained more similar motif structures in the same phylogenetic branches. The cis-elements in StPP2C gene promoter regions were mainly responded to light, phytohormone and abiotic stress. Most of them exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns, and some members could differentially express under abiotic stress. The evidence suggested that StPP2C genes may contribute to different functions in several physiological stress and environmental stress conditions. This study could provide new insights to further investigate StPP2C functional characteristics responding to various stresses in potato. 相似文献
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The introduction of reduced height （Rht） genes Rht-Blb and Rht-Dlb led to impressive increases in wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） yields during the Green Revolution. In the present study, the dynamic elongation of peduncle in a set ofnear-isogenic lines （NILs） carrying different Rht alleles （Rht-Blb, Rht-Dlb, Rht-Blc, Rht-Dlb＋Rht-Blb, and Rht-Dlb＋Rht-Blc） were investigated. The reduction of the final length of peduncle in NILs was dependent mainly on the elongation rate, which was reduced by Rht genes, during rapid elongation phase. Resin sections showed that Rht genes strongly reduced the cell extension in peduncle. The expression of expansin genes, which mediate cell wall loosening and leading to cell expansion, were analysed by using real- time quantitative PCR （qPCR）. Among the 23 possible wheat expansin genes, 17 were expressed in the peduncle. The spatial distribution of expression was further analysed for five expansins that showed high expression levels in the peduncles of Rht lines. Compared to wild type plants, the incorporation of Rht-Dlb allele decreased about 37 and 80% of the expression levels of ExpA 7 and ExpA3 in elongation zone, respectively. The presence Rht-Blc dwarfing genes, however, produced 53% reduction in the expression level of ExpA7, and seriously decreased about 70% of ExpB9 expression. Although the expression levels of five genes exhibited variability among the lines, an expansin gene, ExpB2, showed its expression level highly associated with the cell elongation rate in peduncle of different Rht lines. 相似文献
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B.V. Ortiz S.J. ThomsonY. Huang K.N. ReddyW. Ding 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2011,77(2):204-213
Crop injury caused by off-target drift of herbicide can seriously reduce growth and yield and is of great concern to farmers and aerial applicators. Farmers can benefit from identifying an indirect method for assessing the level of crop injury. This study evaluates the combined use of statistical methods and vegetation indices (VIs) derived from multispectral images to assess the level of crop injury. An experiment was conducted in 2009 to determine glyphosate injury differences among the cotton, corn, and soybean crops. The crops were planted in eight rows spaced 102 cm apart and 80 m long with four replications. Seven VIs were calculated from multispectral images collected at 7 and 21 days after the glyphosate application (DAA). At each image collection date, visual injury estimates were assessed and data were collected for plant height, chlorophyll content, and shoot dry weight. From the seven VIs evaluated as surrogate for glyphosate injury identification using a canonical correlation analysis (CCA), the Chlorophyll Vegetation Index (CVI) showed the highest correlation with field-measured plant injury data. CVI image values were subtracted from the CVI average values of the non-injured area to generate CVI residual images (CVIres). Frequency distribution histograms of CVIres image values were calculated to assess the level of injury between crops. These data suggested that injury increased from 7DAA to 21DAA with corn exhibiting higher severity of injury than cotton or soybean, while only moderate injury was observed for cotton. The techniques evaluated in this study are promising for estimating the level of glyphosate herbicide drift, which can be used to make appropriate management decisions considering crop proximity. 相似文献
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为初步揭示螺丝椒(Capsicum annuum L.)果实螺旋生长的机理，以螺丝椒与牛角椒自交系为试材，利用徒手切片、石蜡切片和转录组测序等技术，对试材果形、子房壁、果肉细胞分裂与膨大情况以及花期子房转录组差异进行了解析。结果表明:果实螺旋生长的起始可能发生在子房发育早期；螺丝椒的螺旋生长由果肉细胞倾斜排列所导致；两试材果肉在纵、横向细胞数与细胞大小方面存在差异，推测两试材果形差异是由细胞分裂与膨大综合调控的。转录组分析发现:螺丝椒果实可能通过改变KIN、NPH3和IQ67通路相关基因的表达使子房细胞分裂方向发生改变并最终导致果实呈现螺旋状生长，同时该试材果实还可能通过调控OFP8、IQ67通路相关基因以及细胞分裂素相关基因的表达来增加纵向与横向细胞数目并影响细胞形状，最终使果实伸长。综上，本研究可为揭示辣椒果形形成机理以及植物形态建成机理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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