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1.
为探明戊唑醇和吡唑醚菌酯在马铃薯中的残留特性和安全性,建立了测定马铃薯植株和块茎中戊唑醇和吡唑醚菌酯残留量的分析方法,研究了两种农药在马铃薯植株中的消解动态及在马铃薯块茎中的最终残留。样品前处理采用 QuEChERS 法,经乙腈提取,高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测,外标法定量。结果表明:0.005～0.5 mg/kg添加水平下,戊唑醇在马铃薯植株和块茎中的回收率分别为90%～99%、94%～102%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3.8%～5.3%、5.3%～9.2%;吡唑醚菌酯在马铃薯植株和块茎中的回收率分别为98%～104%、89%～96%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为4.0%～8.7%、3.0%～8.0%;样品中戊唑醇和吡唑醚菌酯的定量限(LOQ)均为0.005 mg/kg。监测了戊唑醇和吡唑醚菌酯在山东烟台、天津武清、四川成都、重庆九龙坡、湖南长沙、安徽宿州、陕西榆林、贵州贵阳、宁夏银川和黑龙江绥化10个试验点的马铃薯中的残留行为。发现戊唑醇和吡唑醚菌酯在马铃薯植株中的消解速率较快,半衰期分别为6.4～6.5 d和5.0～7.2 d,属易消解型农药。采用32%戊唑醇·吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂按推荐剂量(有效成分用量182.4 g/hm2)施药3次,距末次施药14 d,戊唑醇在马铃薯中的最大残留量不大于0.018 mg/kg,低于欧盟规定的最大残留限量标准(MRL)(0.02 mg/kg),吡唑醚菌酯在马铃薯块茎中的最大残留量<0.005 mg/kg,低于中国规定的MRL(0.02 mg/kg)。 相似文献
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采用孢子萌发法测定氯氟醚菌唑对月季白粉病菌的生物活性,通过田间试验评价氯氟醚菌唑对月季白粉病的防效及对月季的安全性。室内毒力测定结果表明,氯氟醚菌唑对月季白粉病菌的EC50为0.915 0μg/mL(孢子萌发法),对照药剂戊唑醇和肟菌酯的EC50分别为1.298 8μg/mL和0.426 2μg/mL,3种药剂均具有较高活性。田间药效试验结果表明,400 g/L氯氟醚菌唑悬浮剂有效成分用量90～150 g/hm2处理对月季白粉病的防治效果为74.09%～78.96%,显著高于当地常规对照药剂吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇,且对月季生长无不良影响。 相似文献
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为明确江苏省小麦赤霉病菌群体对常用杀菌剂的抗药性情况,本研究于2017年-2021年连续5年分别从苏南、苏北及苏中小麦种植区采集病穗,分离培养获得赤霉病菌菌株共计4 055株,采用区分剂量法测定了供试菌株对4种杀菌剂(多菌灵、氰烯菌酯、戊唑醇和咪鲜胺)的抗性频率。结果表明:2017年-2021年江苏省田间小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵的抗性频率分别为58.44%、56.30%、44.68%、48.28%、46.39%,呈逐年下降的趋势;不同地区小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵的抗药性呈现地区差异性,苏北地区对多菌灵的抗性频率最高,其次是苏中地区,抗性频率最低的是苏南地区。2021年首次在田间采集到对氰烯菌酯、戊唑醇和咪鲜胺的抗性菌株,其抗性频率分别为0.45%、0.89%和0.09%,在以上的抗性菌株中同时具有多菌灵抗性的双重抗性菌株。表明江苏省小麦赤霉病菌对氰烯菌酯、戊唑醇和咪鲜胺产生了抗药性,虽抗性频率较低,仍需尽快制定田间抗性治理方案,延缓田间病菌对常用杀菌剂的抗性发展。 相似文献
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甲氧基丙烯酸酯类和三唑类杀菌剂对斑痣悬茧蜂的毒性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确甲氧基丙烯酸酯类(嘧菌酯、醚菌酯、肟菌酯)和三唑类(粉唑醇、腈菌唑、戊唑醇、己唑醇及戊菌唑)杀菌剂对寄生性天敌斑痣悬茧蜂Meteorus pulchricornis的毒性风险,在室内分别采用药膜法和摄入法测定了上述8种杀菌剂对斑痣悬茧蜂存活的影响。结果表明,处理方法对结果有明显影响。在药膜法处理中,肟菌酯表现出最高的触杀毒性,其致死中时间(LT50值)为1.18d;戊菌唑次之,其LT50值为1.98d;粉唑醇的毒性最低,LT50值长达52.58d。在摄入法处理中,供试杀菌剂的LT50值均大于15d。除粉唑醇药膜处理和己唑醇摄入处理外,其余处理斑痣悬茧蜂的寿命均显著缩短。因此,在实际生产中应关注甲氧基丙烯酸酯类和三唑类杀菌剂,尤其是肟菌酯和戊菌唑对斑痣悬茧蜂等寄生蜂天敌的安全性。 相似文献
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湖北省小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵、戊唑醇和咪鲜胺的敏感性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对2014年采自中国湖北省7个县、市的206株小麦赤霉病菌样品进行单孢分离与鉴定,并采用菌丝生长速率法随机测定了其中100株菌株对多菌灵、戊唑醇和咪鲜胺的敏感性,建立了其敏感基线。结果表明:多菌灵、戊唑醇和咪鲜胺对湖北省小麦赤霉病菌的EC50值范围分别为0.115~0.705、0.006~1.356和0.002~0.370 μg/mL,平均值分别为0.248、0.181和0.040 μg/mL;供试100株小麦赤霉病菌对3种药剂的敏感性频率均呈单峰拟正态分布,因此可将所得各EC50平均值分别作为湖北省小麦赤霉病菌对3种药剂的敏感基线参考值。以各药剂EC50平均值的10倍作为敏感性鉴别浓度,对2015及2016年湖北省小麦赤霉病菌的敏感性进行了监测,在该鉴别浓度下,多菌灵、戊唑醇和咪鲜胺对2015年小麦赤霉病菌的平均抑制率分别为100%、85.14%和82.35%,对2016年小麦赤霉病菌的平均抑制率分别为100%、76.67%和73.62%。研究表明,虽然戊唑醇和咪鲜胺对2016年小麦赤霉病菌的抑制率略有下降,但整体而言,湖北省小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵、戊唑醇及咪鲜胺仍具有较高的敏感性。 相似文献
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选择8种药剂开展棚室甜瓜白粉病防治试验,调查比较各药剂的应用效果。结果发现,5%己唑醇悬浮剂、25%乙嘧酚磺酸酯微乳剂、43%氟菌·肟菌酯悬浮剂和29%比萘·嘧菌酯悬浮剂的防病效果较好,第2次药后14d防效分别为96.42%、94.10%、86.28%和82.14%。其中,25%乙嘧酚磺酸酯微乳剂速效性较好,5%己唑醇悬浮剂、43%氟菌·肟菌酯悬浮剂持效性较好。安全性观察发现,25%乙嘧酚磺酸酯微乳剂处理区出现了一定程度的药害。因此建议在棚室甜瓜生产中使用5%己唑醇悬浮剂、29%比萘·嘧菌酯悬浮剂或43%氟菌·肟菌酯悬浮剂防治白粉病。 相似文献
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为筛选出对辣椒炭疽病具有较好防效的杀菌剂,选用10种不同杀菌剂于2021年进行田间药效试验。结果表明：3次药后7 d, 32.5%苯醚甲环唑·嘧菌酯悬浮剂、50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂和43%氟吡菌酰胺·肟菌酯悬浮剂的防效分别为85.1%、82.7%和81.9%;25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油、24%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂和10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂三者的防效在75.8%～77.8%之间;80%甲基硫菌灵水分散粒剂、22.5%啶氧菌酯悬浮剂和25%溴菌腈乳油等处理的防效在69.2%～74.6%之间;50%克菌丹可湿性粉剂的防效相对较差。32.5%苯醚甲环唑·嘧菌酯悬浮剂、50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂及43%氟吡菌酰胺·肟菌酯悬浮剂可作为福建地区防治辣椒炭疽病的较优选择。 相似文献
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2013年湖北省小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵和戊唑醇的敏感性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2013年从湖北省7个小麦主产区分离获得106株禾谷镰刀菌,测定了其对戊唑醇和多菌灵的敏感性。结果表明:戊唑醇和多菌灵对所有供试菌株的EC50值分别为0.064~0.778和0.090~0.858 mg/L。采用SAS软件的W法对EC50分布进行了正态性检验,表明106株菌株对戊唑醇和多菌灵敏感性的频率分布符合正态分布,其EC50平均值分别为(0.383±0.129)和(0.526±0.151)mg/L。不同地区来源的菌株对两种药剂的敏感性存在显著差异,其中襄阳的菌株对两种药剂的敏感性显著低于其他6个地区的。研究结果显示:湖北省小麦赤霉病菌未出现对戊唑醇和多菌灵抗性菌群,两种药剂用于防治小麦赤霉病仍具有使用价值。 相似文献
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气相色谱法同时检测水果中氟吡菌酰胺、肟菌酯及其代谢物肟菌酸的残留量 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用气相色谱法建立了水果中氟吡菌酰胺、肟菌酯及其代谢物肟菌酸残留的分析方法。样品用乙腈匀浆提取,氯化钠和无水硫酸镁盐析后,经N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）分散固相萃取净化,气相色谱-电子捕获检测器（GC-ECD）检测。结果表明:在0.05~1 mg/kg添加水平下,氟吡菌酰胺、肟菌酯及其代谢物肟菌酸的平均回收率为79%~120%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.7%~16%。氟吡菌酰胺、肟菌酯及其代谢物肟菌酸在不同水果样品中的检出限（LOD）分别为0.01、0.015和0.01 mg/kg,定量限（LOQ）均为0.05 mg/kg。该方法快速、简单和稳定,可以满足水果中氟吡菌酰胺、肟菌酯及其代谢物肟菌酸残留量的检测要求。 相似文献
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采用PRiME HLB固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪,建立了斑马鱼中肟菌酯残留的检测方法,并在此基础上研究了肟菌酯在斑马鱼中的生物富集效应。结果表明:在0.0001~0.05 mg/L范围内,肟菌酯进样质量浓度与峰面积之间具有良好的线性关系;当添加水平分别为0.0005和0.05 mg/L时,肟菌酯在水样中的平均回收率为86.6%~106%,相对标准偏差 (RSD)为5.1%~8.9%;添加水平分别为0.01、0.1和10 mg/kg时,其在鱼肉中的平均回收率为70.5%~104%,RSD为1.4%~3.3%。肟菌酯在水样中的定量限 (LOQ)为0.0005 mg/L,在鱼肉中的LOQ为0.01 mg/kg。利用所建立的方法,研究了在水生生物鱼类的1/10急性毒性基准剂量 (ALB) 值 (7.15 × 10?4 mg/L) 和ALB 值 (7.15 × 10?3 mg/L)、斑马鱼的1/100 LC50值 ( 5.10 × 10?4 和1.20 × 10?3 mg/L)以及1/10 LC50值 (5.10 × 10?3和1.20 × 10?2 mg/L)剂量暴露下,肟菌酯在斑马鱼中的生物富集效应。结果表明:经不同浓度肟菌酯连续暴露192 h后,肟菌酯在斑马鱼中的生物富集系数 (BCF)为113~178,具有中等生物富集效应。研究表明,生产中在使用肟菌酯时,应考虑其低浓度暴露下因生物富集作用而对水生生物引起的生态毒理学风险。 相似文献
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建立了吡噻菌胺及其主要代谢物1-甲基-3- (三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺 (PAM)和肟菌酯及其代谢物肟菌酸在番茄中残留的分析方法。样品经乙酸-乙腈提取，无水硫酸镁、N-丙基乙二胺 (PSA)和石墨化碳黑 (GCB)净化，高效液相色谱-串联质谱 (HPLC-MS/MS)检测。结果表明:吡噻菌胺、PAM、肟菌酯和肟菌酸在0.025~2 mg/L范围内的线性关系良好，R2≥0.999 2。在不同添加水平下，4种化合物在番茄中的平均回收率在88%~97%之间，相对标准偏差 (RSD)小于3.9%，定量限 (LOQ)均为0.05 mg/kg。按照《农作物中农药残留试验准则》在全国12个地区开展规范残留试验，30%吡噻菌胺 ? 肟菌酯悬浮剂以推荐剂量有效成分270 g/hm2，于番茄灰霉病发生初期喷雾施药2次，施药间隔7 d (推荐的安全间隔期为5 d)。在分别于末次施药后5和7 d采集的番茄样品中，吡噻菌胺的残留量均低于0.26 mg/kg，肟菌酯的均低于0.33 mg/kg，均未超出中国制定的吡噻菌胺和肟菌酯在番茄中的最大残留限量 (MRL)值。根据田间残留试验结果、膳食结构和毒理学数据进行了长期膳食风险评估。结果表明:普通人群吡噻菌胺和肟菌酯国家估算每日摄入量 (NEDI)分别为0.1382和0.2645 mg，膳食风险商 (RQ)均小于100%，说明在推荐的良好农业规范 (GAP)条件下施用30%吡噻菌胺 ? 肟菌酯悬浮剂不会对人体健康产生不可接受的风险。 相似文献
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建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定糙米、谷壳、植株、土壤和稻田水中肟菌酯和戊唑醇残留的分析方法。结果表明,肟菌酯和戊唑醇在0.001~0.032mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.9995和0.9998,在0.02~2mg/kg添加水平下,肟菌酯和戊唑醇在糙米、谷壳、植株、土壤和稻田水中的平均回收率为79%~109%,相对标准偏差为2.3%~8.5%。肟菌酯和戊唑醇在糙米、谷壳、植株、土壤和稻田水中的定量限为0.02mg/kg。 相似文献
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Behaviour of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on grapes under semi‐arid tropical climatic conditions
Soudamini Mohapatra Ashok K Ahuja M Deepa GK Jagadish GS Prakash Sampath Kumar 《Pest management science》2010,66(8):910-915
BACKGROUND: A mixture of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole is excellent in controlling both powdery and downy mildew of grapes. The objective of the present work was to study the behaviour of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on grape berries and soil following treatment with Nativo 75 WG, a formulation containing both fungicides (trifloxystrobin 250 + tebuconazole 500 g kg?1). This study was carried out for planned registration of this mixture for use on grapes in India. RESULTS: Initial residue deposits of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on grapes were below their maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.5 and 2 mg kg?1, respectively, when Nativo 75 WG was applied at the recommended dose of 175 g product ha?1. The residues dissipated gradually to 0.02 and 0.05 mg kg?1 by 30 days, and were below the quantifiable limit of 0.01 mg kg?1 at the time of harvest (60 days after the last treatment). Trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole dissipated at a pre‐harvest interval (PHI) of 36 and 34 days, respectively, from the recommended treatment dose. The acid metabolite of trifloxystrobin, CGA 321 113, was not detected in grape berries at any point in time. Soil at harvest was free of any pesticide residues. CONCLUSION: Residue levels of both trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole were below MRLs when grapes were harvested 30 days after the last of four applications of 175 g product ha?1 (trifloxystrobin 44 g AI ha?1, tebuconazole 88 g AI ha?1) under the semi‐arid tropical climatic conditions of India. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
17.
J. Sudisha 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2005,81(3):188-197
Three commercial formulations of strobilurins, viz., azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, and trifloxystrobin were evaluated for their efficacy against pearl millet downy mildew disease caused by Sclerospora graminicola. In vitro studies revealed inhibition of S. graminicola sporulation, zoospore release, and zoospore motility at 0.1-2 μg ml−1 of all the three fungicides. The fungicides were evaluated for phytotoxic effects on seed quality parameters and for their effectiveness against downy mildew disease by treating pearl millet by: (1) seed dressing, (2) seed dressing followed by foliar spray, and (3) also by foliar spray alone. The highest non-phytotoxic concentrations of 5, 10, and 10 μg ml−1 for azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, and kresoxim-methyl, respectively, were selected for further studies. Under greenhouse conditions, these fungicides showed varying degrees of protection against downy mildew disease. Among the three fungicides, azoxystrobin proved to be the best by offering disease protection of 66%. Further, seed treatment along with foliar application of these fungicides to diseased plants showed enhanced protection against the disease to 93, 82, and 62% in treatments of azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin respectively. Foliar spray alone provided significant increase in disease protection levels of 91, 79, and 59% in treatments of azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, and trifloxystrobin, respectively. Disease curative activity of azoxystrobin was higher compared to trifloxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl. Tested fungicides showed weaker translaminar activity, as the disease inhibition was marginal when applied on adaxial leaf surface. Partial systemic activity of azoxystrobin was evident by root uptake, while trifloxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl showed lack of systemic action in pearl millet. A trend in protection against downy mildew disease similar to greenhouse results was evident in the field trials. Grain yield was significantly increased in all strobilurin fungicide treatments over control and maximum increase in yield of 1673 kg ha−1 was observed in combination treatments of seed treatment and foliar spray with azoxystrobin. 相似文献
18.
Tiphaine Dubos Matias Pasquali Friederike Pogoda Lucien Hoffmann Marco Beyer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,130(2):239-248
A collection of 55 Fusarium graminearum (Gibberella zeae) strains isolated between 1969 and 2009 in Belgium, Canada, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, or the USA belonging to the three
known chemotypes (3-acetylated deoxynivalenol, 15-acetylated deoxynivalenol and nivalenol) were screened for their sensitivity
towards the fungicide trifloxystrobin using a liquid culture assay. None of the isolates was completely inhibited by trifloxystrobin
concentrations up to 3 mM. For comparison, prothioconazole completely inhibited fungal growth of a standard isolate at concentrations
as low as 0.007 mM. The maximum level of inhibition, which could be obtained by trifloxystrobin, ranged from 14 to 65% among
the strains tested and was not significantly affected by the country of origin or by the chemotype. The absence of significant
differences in resistance levels between the countries of origin and chemotypes as well as the fact that strains isolated
before the market introduction of strobilurins in 1996 also showed a high level of resistance is evidence that this is largely
a case of natural resistance and not primarily related to strobilurin use in agriculture. 相似文献
19.
Repression of deoxynivalenol accumulation and expression of Tri genes in Fusarium culmorum by fungicides in vitro 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A defined medium was developed in which to monitor deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation, fungal growth and expression of genes involved in trichothecene biosynthesis (designated Tri genes). In liquid culture, DON accumulated shortly after maximum expression of Tri6 and coincident with expression of Tri5. This was generally 96 h after inoculation. The effects of sublethal concentrations of the fungicides azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl and tebuconazole on biosynthesis of the trichothecene DON by Fusarium culmorum were studied using this medium. The strobilurin fungicides trifloxystrobin and azoxystrobin significantly reduced the accumulation of DON in culture medium at a range of concentrations. Kresoxim-methyl, also a strobilurin, and tebuconazole, a triazole, did not significantly reduce the accumulation of DON, although levels were lower than those in nonamended cultures. Trifloxystrobin significantly reduced the accumulation of DON when added to cultures before initiation of trichothecene biosynthesis. RT-PCR assays of the expression of Tri6 and Tri5 genes indicated that trifloxystrobin acted by inhibiting the initiation of trichothecene biosynthesis. 相似文献
20.
肟菌酯气相色谱分析方法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用气相色谱法,用DB-1毛细管柱,以邻苯二甲酸二环己酯为内标物,用氢火焰离子化检测器对肟菌酯原药进行定量检测。在选定的色谱条件下,有效成分、内标物、杂质能得到有效分离。结果表明,肟菌酯在一定浓度下的线性相关系数为0.999 9,标准偏差为0.13,变异系数为0.13%,平均回收率为99.68%。 相似文献