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1.
Izci C Ogurtan Z Ceylan C 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2003,50(6):307-312
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of hyperosmolar ionic contrast media (CM) (diatrizoate) and low osmolar non-ionic CM (iohexol and ioxilan) on coagulation time and some blood parameters in dogs in vivo. The animals were divided into three groups in equal numbers. The dogs in groups I, II and III received diatrizoate, iohexol and ioxilan at the dose of 700 mgI/kg intravenously (IV) as a bolus, respectively. Administration of contrast media and blood samples were collected from vena cephalica antebrachii prior to CM administration and thereafter at 3, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 180 min and 24 h to measure the coagulation factors [activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothorombin time (PT), fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation products] and some other blood parameters [red blood cells, platelet, white blood cells, haematocrit (Ht) and haemoglobin (Hb)]. While a statistically significant decrease was observed on APTT at 15 min in group III, no significant differences were found in groups I and II. All the groups had insignificant alterations for PT, fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation product, following CM administration. Significant decreases were observed for platelet at 3 min in all groups. This decrease was also significant at 15- and 30- min intervals in group I. There were significant decreases for erythrocytes, Ht and Hb measurements within 30 min, and no significant alterations were observed for leucocytes within 60 min in all groups compared with baseline values. No differences were observed with regard to coagulation times and some blood parameters as far as long-lasting and major effects of each CM are concerned. 相似文献
2.
Reynolds BS Boudet KG Germain CA Braun JP Lefebvre HP 《American journal of veterinary research》2008,69(4):471-477
OBJECTIVE: To establish reference intervals of plasma biochemical values in healthy adult domestic shorthair (DSH) cats by use of controlled conditions. ANIMALS: 95 healthy client-owned cats. PROCEDURES: Food was withheld from the cats overnight. All blood samples were obtained on the same day, at the same location, and by the same investigator. Blood samples were collected from a cephalic vein into lithium heparin tubes. After centrifugation of blood samples, plasma supernatants were harvested and stored at -20 degrees C until assayed for total proteins, albumin, creatinine, urea, glucose, calcium, phosphates, sodium, chloride, potassium, and CO2 concentrations and alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities. RESULTS: Reference intervals in healthy adult DSH cats were 65 to 85 g/L for total proteins, 27 to 39 g/L for albumin, 89 to 207 micromol/L for creatinine, 6.6 to 11.3 mmol/L for urea, 4.1 to 8.2 mmol/L for glucose, 2.4 to 2.9 mmol/L for calcium, 1.1 to 2.1 mmol/L for phosphates, 153 to 161 mmol/L for sodium, 120 to 127 mmol/L for chloride, 3.3 to 4.2 mmol/L for potassium, 15 to 21 mmol/L for CO2, 32 to 147 U/L for alkaline phosphatase, and 34 to 123 U/L for alanine aminotransferase. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study provided reference intervals for plasma analytes in adult DSH cats. The influence of potential confounding factors was minimized through use of controlled preanalytic and analytic conditions. However, these results cannot be extrapolated to other feline breeds or used to interpret results from other biochemical analyzers. 相似文献
3.
Larsen RS Haulena M Grindem CB Gulland FM 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2002,31(3):106-110
Background — Sick, injured, or orphaned juvenile northern elephant seals ( Mirounga angustisrostris ) treated at rehabilitation centers frequently present with abnormalities in blood sodium, potassium, chloride, BUN, and glucose concentrations, and HCT. These abnormalities could be detected rapidly using a portable blood analyzer, but the results with this analysis method do not necessarily equate with those obtained using other techniques.
Objective — The objective of this study was to better assess the clinical relevance of blood values obtained from a portable analyzer and to compare the results with values obtained using more common methods of analysis.
Methods — Heparinized whole blood samples were collected from 20 rehabilitated juvenile northern elephant seals. A portable clinical analyzer (i-STAT, i-STAT Corp, East Windsor, NJ, USA) was used to establish baseline values. Serum biochemical values were obtained using an automated chemistry analyzer (Olympus AU5200, Olympus America, Melville, NY, USA). HCT was determined using EDTA whole blood and a cell counter.
Results — Using the portable analyzer, mean (minimum-maximum) values were obtained for sodium, 143 (132–146) mmol/L; potassium, 4.4 (3.9–5.8) mmol/L; chloride, 106 (101–109) mmol/L; BUN, 1.8 (1.1–2.4) mmol/L; glucose, 7.55 (5.99–8.49) mmol/L; and HCT, 0.55 (0.52–0.61) L/L. Average differences between methods were small for potassium (-0.45 mmol/L), BUN (0.1 mmol/L), and HCT (0.037 L/L) but were large for sodium (-6.8 mmol/L), chloride (-6.4 mmol/L), and glucose (-0.56 mmol/L).
Conclusions — These results suggest that the i-STAT portable analyzer could be useful for clinically assessing juvenile elephant seals. However, when making medical decisions, the clinician should be aware of differences associated with various analyzers and sample types. 相似文献
Objective — The objective of this study was to better assess the clinical relevance of blood values obtained from a portable analyzer and to compare the results with values obtained using more common methods of analysis.
Methods — Heparinized whole blood samples were collected from 20 rehabilitated juvenile northern elephant seals. A portable clinical analyzer (i-STAT, i-STAT Corp, East Windsor, NJ, USA) was used to establish baseline values. Serum biochemical values were obtained using an automated chemistry analyzer (Olympus AU5200, Olympus America, Melville, NY, USA). HCT was determined using EDTA whole blood and a cell counter.
Results — Using the portable analyzer, mean (minimum-maximum) values were obtained for sodium, 143 (132–146) mmol/L; potassium, 4.4 (3.9–5.8) mmol/L; chloride, 106 (101–109) mmol/L; BUN, 1.8 (1.1–2.4) mmol/L; glucose, 7.55 (5.99–8.49) mmol/L; and HCT, 0.55 (0.52–0.61) L/L. Average differences between methods were small for potassium (-0.45 mmol/L), BUN (0.1 mmol/L), and HCT (0.037 L/L) but were large for sodium (-6.8 mmol/L), chloride (-6.4 mmol/L), and glucose (-0.56 mmol/L).
Conclusions — These results suggest that the i-STAT portable analyzer could be useful for clinically assessing juvenile elephant seals. However, when making medical decisions, the clinician should be aware of differences associated with various analyzers and sample types. 相似文献
4.
H van Bree B Van Rijssen M Tshamala T Maenhout 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(9):1622-1626
Arthrographic quality and synovial inflammatory response were examined to compare the use of iopromide with that of iotrolan for arthrography of the scapulohumeral joint in 6 dogs. Radiographs obtained 1 and 3 minutes after injection of either nonionic compound were of similar quality, but radiographs obtained 5 minutes after injection of iotrolan were significantly (P less than 0.05) better than those obtained after injection of iopromide. Results of analysis of synovial fluid samples obtained at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after injection of contrast media were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Histologic examination of synovium and articular cartilage 2 weeks after injection of iopromide or iotrolan revealed minimal inflammatory response for both contrast agents. Injection of iopromide and iotrolan into the scapulohumeral joints of dogs had less effect on synovial fluid than that reported after injection of ionic compounds. 相似文献
5.
Metabolic diseases of cows represent the leading internal pathology in Lithuania in terms of incidence and economic impact. This paper summarizes the mineral metabolic state of milk cows, and details the influence of feeding on serum levels of calcium, nonorganic phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, glucose, total protein, and urea quantity, and correlationd among them, in healthy dry or post-calving cows as well as in cows with osteomalacia and milk fever after calving. There was less pronounced hypocalcaemia and there were only minor changes in phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and sodium in the serum of healthy dry and post-calving cows that had silage and mineral-vitamin supplements, compared to cows that did not have supplements and silage. There was a fall in calcium and phosphorus (to 1.89 +/- 0.12 mmol/L and 0.71 +/- 0.06 mmol/L, respectively) in the blood of cows sick with milk fever after calving, while levels of magnesium and potassium were increased. The correlation between calcium and phosphorus was r = 0.6993, p < 0.001 in the serum of sick cows. There was a fall in calcium, phosphorus and magnesium (to 1.86 +/- 0.46 mmol/L, 0.75 +/- 0.37 mmol/L, and 0.60 +/- 0.19 mmol/L, respectively) and an increase in sodium level (to 158.90 +/- 19.30 mmol/L) in the blood of cows with osteomalacia in comparison with healthy cows. 相似文献
6.
Protein binding kinetics of lincomycin (LM) and clindamycin (CM) were studied using plasma, albumin and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) derived from humans, dogs, cattle and sheep. Based on Rosenthal plots of LM and CM, drug-binding property in plasma presented specific and non-specific binding, except for LM in cattle and sheep and for CM in sheep, where only non-specific binding was demonstrated. Dissociation constant (Kd) and binding capacity (Bmax) for specific binding and proportionality constant (PC) for non-specific binding were as follows: Kd = 3.14 μmol/L, Bmax = 15.28 μmol/L, PC = 0.19 for humans; Kd = 3.84 μmol/L, Bmax = 6.55 μmol/L, PC = 0.14 for dogs; PC = 0.12 for cattle; PC = 0.16 for sheep in LM and Kd = 0.94 μmol/L, Bmax = 12.24 μmol/L, PC = 4.98 for humans; Kd = 1.48 μmol/L, Bmax = 9.52 μmol/L, PC = 2.91 for dogs; Kd = 1.22 μmol/L, Bmax = 4.45 μmol/L, PC = 2.40 for cattle; PC = 1.48 for sheep in CM. The specific binding for each species was different, showing more difference in Bmax compared with Kd. The non-specific binding of LM was similar among species whereas that of CM was different, implying species difference. The drug-binding property of AGP for each species was all specific binding and the Kd was comparable to that obtained from plasma, indicating that AGP is a major specific binder in plasma. The lack of detection of specific binding for LM in cattle and sheep and for CM in sheep plasma could be attributable to a higher Kd and lower plasma AGP concentration compared with other species. The drug-binding property of albumin was characterized as all non-specific, without a great difference among species. Except for CM in sheep, the lower PC in albumin solution compared with that in plasma suggested the presence of another non-specific binder in plasma, i.e. lipoprotein. From the simulation of drug-binding percentage to AGP concentrations, AGP could be a major contributor to drug-plasma protein binding in pathological states. The degree of AGP-drug binding for each species could vary according to the degree of increase of AGP concentrations from a healthy to a pathological state, inducing a decrease in the unbound fraction (fp): 6.1 fold for dogs, 4.6 fold for humans, 1.8 fold for sheep and 1.4 fold for cattle in LM; 5.8 fold for dogs, 5.7 fold for cattle, 4.0 fold for humans and 1.5 fold for sheep in CM. Therefore, the disposition and efficacy of lincosamides affected by fp can be modified differently by the change of fp attributable to the alteration of plasma AGP concentration in each species. 相似文献
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Gharaibeh NS 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》1999,157(1):57-60
The effects of age, and the inhibitory effects of furosemide, sodium fluoride, and okadaic acid on N-ethylmaliemide (NEM)-stimulated, ouabain-resistant potassium influx were investigated in camel erythrocytes. The NEM-stimulated influx which declined with the age of erythrocytes, was partially inhibited by 2 mmol/L furosemide, 20 mmol/L sodium fluoride, and completely inhibited by 150 nM okadaic acid. The effect of all chemical inhibitors was significant if added before the NEM pretreatment. 相似文献
9.
OBJECTIVE: To determine concentrations of electrolytes, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, and hemoglobin; activities of some enzymes; and Hct and number of leukocytes and erythrocytes of newborn calves in relation to the degree of acidosis and treatment with a hypertonic sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO(3)) solution. ANIMALS: 20 acidotic newborn calves with a blood pH < 7.2 and 22 newborn control calves with a blood pH > or = 7.2. PROCEDURES: Approximately 10 minutes after birth, acidotic calves were treated by IV administration of 5% NaHCO(3) solution. The amount of hypertonic solution infused was dependent on the severity of the acidosis. RESULTS: Treatment resulted in a significant increase in the mean +/- SEM base excess from -8.4 +/- 1.2 mmol/L immediately after birth to 0.3 +/- 1.1 mmol/L 120 minutes later. During the same period, sodium concentration significantly increased from 145.3 +/- 0.8 mmol/L to 147.8 +/- 0.7 mmol/L. Mean chloride concentration before NaHCO(3) administration was significantly lower in the acidotic calves (99.6 +/- 1.1 mmol/L) than in the control calves (104.1 +/- 0.9 mmol/L). Calcium concentration in acidotic calves decreased significantly from before to after treatment. Concentrations of potassium, magnesium, and inorganic phosphorus were not affected by treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Administration of hypertonic NaHCO(3) solution to acidotic neonatal calves did not have any adverse effects on plasma concentrations of several commonly measured electrolytes or enzyme activities. The treatment volume used was smaller, compared with that for an isotonic solution, which makes it more practical for use in field settings. 相似文献
10.
本研究对上海地区9个牧场奶牛产后低钙血症和酮病的发病率进行了调查,结果表明:奶牛产后12 h内的低钙血症发病率平均为86.1%,血钙平均浓度为(1.82±0.02)mmol/L,产后3~7 d低钙血症发病率平均为35.2%,血钙平均浓度为(2.05±0.01)mmol/L,表明随着泌乳天数的增加,低钙血症有缓解趋势。奶牛产后12 h内酮病发病率平均为5.5%,血液β-羟丁酸(BHBA)平均浓度为(0.68±0.04)mmol/L,产后3~7 d酮病发病率平均为16.3%,血液BHBA平均浓度为(0.98±0.07)mmol/L,表明随着泌乳天数增加能量负平衡有加重趋势。奶牛产后12 h内高游离脂肪酸(NEFA)发生率平均为49.4%,血液NEFA平均浓度为(0.76±0.03)Meq/L,产后3~7 d高NEFA发生率平均为41.3%,血液NEFA平均浓度为(0.71±0.03)Meq/L,表明泌乳初期高NEFA发生率远高于酮病发病率,随着泌乳天数增加血液NEFA浓度有下降趋势。奶牛产后血液中钙的浓度与NEFA浓度呈极显著负相关(P0.01),血液中NEFA浓度与BHBA浓度呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。 相似文献
11.
小鼠卵母细胞氯化锶激活条件 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以昆明小鼠为试验对象，研究了氯化锶（SrCl2)浓度，激尖处理时间以及卵龄对卵母细胞SrCl2孤雌活化的影响。hCG注射后18h的小鼠卵母细胞在1.6,5.0,10,20mmol/L SrCl2的激活液中处理10min，各组间的激活率（原核期卵母细胞的比例）无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。10，20mmol/L SrCl2组发育至2－，4－细胞期比率（59．26％，20．37％，63．79％，20．69％）同于1．6，5．0mmol/L 组（20．63％，9．26％，47．06％，7．84）（P＜05）。只有20mmol/L组的少数激活卵母细胞（3．45％）发育至桑椹胚阶段。10，20mmol/L SrCl2组处理20，40，60min，2组间的活化率无显著性差异。处理40min,20mmol/L组的桑椹胚和囊胚发育率（64．44％，22．22％）均显著高于10mmol/L组（30．36％，11．61％），处理60min,10mmol/L组的桑椹胚和囊胚发育率（84．68％，46．77％）均显著高于20mmol/L组（67．46％，28．57％），10mmol/L SrCl2处理，20，40，60，180，360min，其活化率和2－细胞的发育率无显著性差异。60，180min处理组的囊胚发育率（49．58％，47．59％）差异不显著，但2者均显著高于20，40，360min组（4．50％，12．24％和35．53％），后3者组间差异显著。随卵龄的增加，活化率显著增加。hCG注射后16h卵母细胞的活化率（77．78％）显著高于14h的卵母细胞（29．63％），而hCG注射后18h卵母细胞的活化率（49．19％）又显著高于16h的卵母细胞，hCG注射后18，20h卵母细胞的活化率差异不显著（94．19％，85．90％）。hCG注射后14，16，18h卵母细胞激活后的囊胚发育率（6．71％，27．78％，47．67％），各组间差异显著。但hCG注射后20h卵母细胞激活后的囊胚发育率（39．74％）显著低于18h的卵母细胞。 相似文献
12.
Yukinobu Nakamura Koshiro Migita Akihiro Okitani Masanori Matsuishi 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(5):595-601
Water‐holding capacity (WHC) of heat‐induced pork gels was examined. The heat‐induced gels were obtained from meat homogenates prepared by adding nine volumes of 0.3–0.5 mol/L NaCl solutions containing 9–36 mmol/L disodium inosine‐5′‐monophosphate (IMP) or 9 mmol/L tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (KPP) to minced pork. IMP at 36 mmol/L enhanced the WHC to the same level as attained by KPP. Physical and sensory properties of heat‐induced gels were also examined. The heat‐induced gels were prepared from porcine meat homogenates containing 0.3 mol/L NaCl and 9–36 mmol/L IMP or 9 mmol/L KPP. IMP at 36 mmol/L enhanced the values of hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and springiness, measured with a Tensipresser, and several organoleptic scores to the same level as the score attained by KPP. Thus, it is concluded that IMP is expected to be a practical substitute for pyrophosphates to improve the quality of sausages. 相似文献
13.
Izci C Ogurtan Z Ceylan C 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2004,51(5):237-241
The dogs in groups I, II and III in equal numbers received diatrizoate, iohexol and ioxilan at a dose of 700 mgI/kg intravenously (i.v.) as a bolus, respectively. Blood samples were collected prior to contrast media (CM) administration and thereafter at 3, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 180 min to evaluate acid-base, venous blood gas status (pH, PCO2, PO2, HCO, BE, O2) and electrolytes (Na+, Ca++, K+). Values of pH, PCO2, BE, HCO, Na+ and K+ remained unchanged or within non-significant fluctuations compared with the baseline values. PO2 was significantly different from the baseline values in group 1 up to 90 min after administration, significant alterations were found for O2 saturation in group 1 up to 90 min, and in group II at 3, 60 and 180 min; and for Ca++ in group 1 at all time points except at 90 min, and groups II and II at 3 and 15 min post administration. It was concluded that none of the CM are considered to cause long-lasting and major effects on acid-base, blood gas and electrolyte status. 相似文献
14.
盐碱及变温条件对花苜蓿种子发芽的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用3个变温处理(10/20℃,15/25℃,20/30℃)、6个浓度盐处理(盐为NaCl,浓度为0、50mmol/L、100mmol/L、150mmol/L、200mmol/L、250mmol/L)和碱处理(碱为Na2CO3,浓度为0、5mmol/L、10mmol/L、15mmol/L、20mmol/L、25mmol/L)研究盐、碱以及盐碱与温度的交互作用对两种不同来源花苜蓿种子萌发的影响。结果表明:随着盐、碱浓度的升高,种子发芽率、发芽速度均显著降低。低浓度盐、碱条件下,温度对花苜蓿种子发芽影响不显著;但在较高浓度的盐、碱条件下,不同温度处理对种子发芽率和发芽速度的影响差异显著;最适发芽温度为15/25℃。随着盐浓度升高,花苜蓿种子胚根长度逐渐减小,但胚轴长度没有明显变化;在一定浓度Na2CO3胁迫下花苜蓿能正常发芽,当Na2CO3浓度为15mmol/L(pH=10.95)时,两种花苜蓿发芽率均高于60%。两种花苜蓿相比较,林下花苜蓿抗盐碱性高于草甸花苜蓿。 相似文献
15.
Photoperiod is the most important “noise-free” seasonal environmental cue for synchronizing physiological states (such as reproductive activity) in birds. However, in photoperiodic birds such as Japanese quail, the effect of photoperiod on adrenocortical activity remains unclear, particularly in males with differences in cloacal gland photoresponsiveness. At 8 wk of age, birds (n = 55) were either assigned to a short photoperiod (8L:16D; SD) or maintained under long photoperiod (16L:8D; LD; control). After 5 wk of SD exposure, males were classified as nonresponsive (SD-NR; with foam production) or responsive (SD-R; with no foam production) to short days, depending on the cloacal gland volume was above or below 1,000 mm3. At 14 wk of age, droppings were collected during 3 consecutive days to determine corticosterone (CMs) and androgen metabolites (AMs) by enzyme immunoassays. Male Japanese quail under LD showed significantly higher concentrations of CMs (300 ± 10 ng/g) and AMs (1,257 ± 115 ng/g) than birds kept under SD. Under short days, SD-NR and SD-R showed differences (P < 0.0001), both in CM (153 ± 8 ng/g and 98 ± 6 ng/g, respectively) and AM concentrations (1,294 ± 309 ng/g and 275 ± 53 ng/g, respectively). Interestingly, although SD-NR males exhibited no cloacal gland arrest (according to cloacal gland volume and foam production) and similar testicular activity (AM values) to LD males, they showed lower concentrations of CMs compared with males that remained on LD (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest length of photoperiod affected hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity; however, that was not the only factor involved, because birds subjected to shorter days but whose hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis failed to respond had intermediate CM values. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this interesting finding. 相似文献
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The effects of high intensity exercise on the plasma concentration of lactate, potassium and other electrolytes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To study the effect of short term high intensity exercise on plasma lactate, potassium, sodium and chloride concentrations, five Thoroughbred horses were galloped on a treadmill at a 5 degree incline. Following a standardised warm-up period, they were galloped at 8, 10, or 12 metres/sec for 2 mins. One horse also galloped at 14 metres/sec for 1.5 mins. Sequential arterial and/or venous blood samples were collected during exercise and recovery. At 12 metres/sec, the effect of different recovery modes, ie, standing, walking or trotting, on the electrolytes was also examined. There was a progressive rise in plasma potassium concentration during galloping, with peak values occurring at the end of the exercise bout. In some cases, values above 10 mmol/litre were recorded at the highest workloads. Plasma lactate concentrations peaked during early recovery, with values up to 32 mmol/litre. A high correlation existed between peak potassium and lactate concentrations (venous r = 0.923, and arterial r = 0.989). Following exercise there was a rapid return to baseline plasma potassium concentrations, but by 12 mins recovery there was still an elevated lactate concentration, the extent depending on the intensity of the exercise bout and the recovery mode. There was a small rise in plasma sodium but no significant change in plasma chloride concentrations during exercise. However, when adjusted for the decrease in plasma volume, as determined from total plasma protein concentration, there was a decrease in circulating amounts of both electrolytes. 相似文献
19.
1. This experiment was concerned with whether ineffective bleeding could exacerbate the incidence of haemorrhagic conditions in broiler carcases, when ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced at stunning.
2. Broiler chickens were electrically stunned with 81 mA per bird and then allocated to three treatments. About 67% experienced a VF at stunning and half of these birds were bled out before processing while the other half were processed without being bled out. The birds which did not experience a VF at stunning were bled out before being processed. The carcases were subjectively graded for haemorrhagic conditions.
3. Inducing a VF at stunning caused increases in the incidence of red wingtips and haemorrhaging at the humerus‐radius joint in the birds which were bled out. There were no other obvious effects of inducing a VF on carcase downgrading.
4. Failure to bleed the chickens which had a VF at stunning resulted in high incidences of red wingtips, red necks, haemorrhaging at the humerus‐radius joint and red sternal feather tracts. It was concluded that bleeding efficiency was important in influencing the expression of these characteristics when a VF occurred at stunning. 相似文献
20.
不同季节肉用种公牛精液品质与生理常值、血清及精清生化指标相关关系研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以利木赞和夏洛来种公牛为试验牛，研究不同季节对其精液品质、冻精产量、生理常值、血清及精清生化指标的影响。结果表明：（1）与其它季节相比，夏季肉用种公牛的原精活力、冻精活力、活精于百分数、顶体完整率均显著降低，而精于畸形率显著升高（P〈0．05）。精子密度以秋季最低。（2）冻精产量夏季处于最低水平，平均每月仅为7388支。（3）夏季肉用种公牛的血清LH、睾酮、T3、皮质醇的含量分别为48．12、4．15、1．11、4．89ng／L，显著低于春、秋、冬季（P〈0．01）。（4）夏季肉用种公牛血清钠、钾、钙、镁均处于最低水平，显著低于其它季节（P〈0．01）。（5）夏季肉用种公牛精清睾酮水平明显下降，显著低于春季、秋季和冬季。（6）精清钠、钾、钙夏季含量最低，分别为83．12mmol／L、18，77mmol／L和4．63mmol／L；精清镁含量由春季至秋季呈显著下降趋势；精清磷含量夏季最高，为4．65mmol／L，显著高于春季、秋季和冬季。（7）肉用种公牛精清ALP夏季含量为1784．3U／L，显著高于春、秋两季，但低于冬季。（8）精清睾酮与精液品质各指标存在显著相关；血清生化指标与精清生化指标存在显著相关；直肠温度、呼吸频率与精液品质及血清生化指标存在显著相关性，与精清生化指标相关性不大。 相似文献