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47个亚、欧、美洲野生、地方和培育猪群的AFLP多态性及群体遗传关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用双色荧光标记技术,检测21个中国地方猪类群、19个欧美商业猪类群、5个亚欧美野猪类群、1个中国培育猪种、1个杜洛克×中国野猪杂种群体总共47个类群基因组DNA池的AFLP多态性,22种引物组合产生312个AFLP多态标记。根据多态标记信息,计算47个类群间的遗传相似系数,并构建UPMGA聚类关系图。结果表明,中国地方猪、中国野猪与欧美商业猪群、欧美野猪间存在明显的遗传分化,提示中国地方猪起源于亚洲野猪,而欧美商业猪种由欧美野猪驯化而来。杜洛克猪、长白猪和大白猪不同类群间的遗传相似性较高,但也存在一定的遗传分化。南昌白猪与大白猪、PIC L95系与太湖猪有着很近的亲缘关系,真实反映了其育成历史。嘉兴黑猪与梅山猪、冠朝猪、藤田花猪、上犹花猪和万安花猪等地方猪群遗传关系的研究结果与其形态学、地理分布和现行分类情况相一致,认为AFLP技术是遗传多样性和群体遗传学研究的一项有效的技术手段。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2015,(24)
为构建梅山猪一般抗病力的评估模型,并评价A、B两个家系梅山猪的一般抗病力,分别检测了两个家系35日龄梅山猪血清中IL-2、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12、IFN-α和IFN-γ等6个重要细胞因子的浓度,并对这6个指标进行了主成分分析(PCA)。结果表明:前4个特征值基本反映了原先免疫指标的全部信息(累计贡献率达到88.744%),因此选取这4个指标作为主成分,通过建立主成分综合评价模型,比较梅山猪A、B两个家系主成分综合得分,A家系综合得分为0.207,而B家系综合得分为-0.207,因此说A家系梅山猪的一般抗病力高于B家系。研究初步确定了影响梅山猪一般抗病力的主成分,同时对梅山猪两个家系群体的一般抗病力进行了比较分析,以期为今后梅山猪一般抗病力的早期选育提供一定的指导和依据。 相似文献
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广东省现有5个地方猪种基于SNP芯片的遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究以广东省现有的5个地方猪品种为对象,利用SNP芯片进行SNP分型,对比欧洲野猪、亚洲野猪以及4个西方商业猪种,对广东省现有地方猪品种的遗传多样性、遗传距离以及群体结构进行分析。结果表明:两广小耳花猪、大花白猪和蓝塘猪的遗传多样性低于西方商业猪种以及粤东黑猪和梅花猪;广东省地方猪与亚洲野猪遗传距离较近,与西方猪种遗传距离较远;作为大花白猪一个类群的梅花猪与大花白猪遗传距离较远,主成分分析以及Structure分析表明梅花猪与大花白猪遗传差异较大,梅花猪具有独特的遗传结构并存在西方猪血液的渗入;粤东黑猪与西方猪种遗传距离较近,粤东黑猪也存在西方猪种血液的渗入。综上所述,两广小耳花猪、大花白猪和蓝塘猪的遗传多样性较低,梅花猪和粤东黑猪存在西方猪种血液的渗入。 相似文献
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梅山猪是我国优良的地方猪种之一,属太湖猪的一个类群。梅山猪具有早熟、产仔多、母性好和肉质鲜美,杂交一代肉猪杂种优势显著等优点,深受群众喜爱。梅山猪的高繁殖力特性近年来也为欧美国家所重视,并给予高度的评价。但也还存在着后备公猪生长缓慢,体质不够结实等缺点。为了加强选育,应对梅山猪的性状遗传规律和高繁殖力特性等进行研究。本研究旨在测定梅山猪主要经济性状的遗传力和遗传相关等遗传参数,系统地分析、了解和掌握梅山猪主要经济性状的遗传规律,以及性状间的相互关系,进一步论证 相似文献
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二花脸猪和杜洛克猪的RAPD分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用６０个随机引物对二花脸猪（太湖猪的一个类群）和杜洛克猪的基因组ＤＮＡ进行ＲＡＰＤ分析,其中４８个引物可扩增出清晰的ＲＡＰＤ带型,８个引物可扩增出多型式片段。一个引物（ＯＰＢ１３）可在两品种间扩增出一条稳定的重复性好的多态片段,其大小约为１８９０ｂｐ。结果表明,二花脸猪、杜洛克猪群内遗传距离指数分别为０．０３７１、０．０３４５,遗传多样性指数分别为０．４８６、０．４３１,两品种间存在着ＤＮＡ分子 相似文献
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本研究旨在对猪杀菌性/通透性增加蛋白(BPI)基因的多态性进行系统分析,为今后探讨猪BPI基因与疾病抗性的关系提供理论依据。采用PCR-RFLP方法对野猪和国内外10个猪品种BPI基因第10外显子HpaⅡ遗传变异进行检测及序列分析。结果表明:11个猪品种中共检测到AA、BB和AB 3种基因型,2个等位基因,其中野猪、藏猪、荣昌猪和淮猪群体中AA基因型为优势基因型,A等位基因为优势等位基因;外来商业化猪品种中,杜洛克群体AA基因型频率较高。序列分析表明AA基因型与GenBank中的序列一致,BB基因型存在A27G同义突变位点和T118G错义突变位点。基于BPI基因的等位基因频率构建11个猪群体的系统发生树,第1类群包括野猪、淮猪、藏猪、荣昌猪、杜洛克;第2类包括约克夏、长白猪、枫泾猪、梅山猪、二花脸、苏太猪。本研究结果显示,猪群体间基于BPI基因多态性上存在的差异与体型、生产类型及地理分布等因素没有显著的联系。 相似文献
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我国太湖猪的高繁殖力特性已引起国际动物遗传育种界的普遍重视 ,美、英、、法、日等国都在对太湖猪高繁殖力的遗传基础进行研究 ,西方专家认为太湖猪高繁殖力的遗传基础很可能存在主效基因的作用。目前用候选基因法筛选太湖猪窝产仔数主效基因已有成功的范例 ,本文对这方面的文献进行综述 ,期望对国内同行有所启迪 ,借以通过标记辅助选择加快动物育种步伐。1 雌激素受体基因 Ｒｏｔｈｓｃｈｉｌｄ等 ( 1 994 ,1 996) 〔1〕〔2〕通过候选基因法 ,利用包括中国梅山系太湖猪在内的两个极端品种杂交 ,发现 1号染色体上雌激素受体 (ｅｓｔｒ… 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
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Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664