共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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林红 《吉林农业(下半月．信息版)》2010,(8):89-89
文章介绍了宁国市板桥自然保护区基本概况，介绍了该地区生物多样性的重要性和保护现状，笔者发现可以通过修建林区、公路、桥梁、生物防火带，为该地生物多样性就地保护提供基础，为旅游事业发展奠定基础。 相似文献
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1 农业生物多样性的概念 生物多样性是指在一定空间范围内活的有机体(包括植物、动物、微生物)的种类,变异及其生态系统的复杂程度. 农业生物多样性是指与食物及农业生产相关的所有生物的总称,它包括遗传多样性(或基因多样性)、物种多样性及生态系统多样性.农业生物多样性包括:①高等植物:农作物,作为食物而管理的野生植物(经济野生植物),庭院树木,草场或牧场物种. 相似文献
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保护农业生物多样性实现农业的可持续发展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
从生物多样性的含义出发,阐述了农业生物多样性对农业可持续发展的重要作用及农业生物多样性保护工作所面临的严峻形势,并提出了保护农业生物多样性,促进农业可持续发展的具体方法和措施。 相似文献
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农业生物多样性对维系农业系统的生态平衡和保障农业可持续发展起到重要的作用,为防治农作物的病虫害以提高作物产量,该文综述了农业种质资源多样性、农业物质多样性和农业景观多样性对农作物病虫害防控的研究进展,提出在现代农业防治中应尽量减少高毒农药的使用,利用农业生态中的生物多样性来持续控制农业病虫害发生的思路,以充分利用农业生物多样性在作物病虫害防控方面的作用。 相似文献
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论南海海洋生物的多样性保护 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海滩生物多样性是全球生物多样性的重要组成部分。南海具有丰富而独特的热带海洋生物资源，但是由于不合理的开发等原因生物多样性锐减。从海洋生物多样性保护的意义出发，分析了南海生物多样性的特点及减少的原因，并从经济学角度进行了诠释，最后结合实际提出了保护对策：①提高海洋生物多样性保护意识，控制资源利用强度，②推行真实的成本效益核算，寻求资源的有效配置；②实行海陆一体化管理，队源头改善海洋环境；④加强调查和监测，重点对濒危物种采取就地或移地保护措施，③提高科学技术水平，实施生物资源的合理开发和增殖；⑥建立国际协调机制。 相似文献
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彝族传统农业具有环境利用、作物种植以及畜牧养殖的多样性。根据环境条件安排农作生产,利用混作、间作、套作、混牧以及农牧结合等生产技术模拟自然的生物多样性,彝族传统农业获得了良好的收益,维护了环境的生物多样性。现代农业以单一化规模生产取代传统农业的多样性,不论是“以粮为纲”还是“以钱为纲”的发展方式,带来的是生物多样性减少、水土流失加剧、灾害性气候频发以及农业生产成本增加等问题。发展适应环境特点的、适度规模化的生物多样性农业生产,利用森林植被发展林下种养殖,应用现代生物多样性技术,进一步提高农业产出和效益,将是彝族地区农业可持续发展的选择。 相似文献
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农业生态系统作为自然生态系统模仿,其生物多样性达到多少时才能满足需要。回顾了农业生态系统及其生物多样性的起源,通过分析指出对于农业生态系统中的生物多样性多少才足够的问题取决于农业目标,不同的目标要求不同的生物多样性。自然生态系统的结构组成在本质上有着偶然性。在研究当前的生物多样性时应该考虑其频度和强度,这样才能确定在特定环境条件下的生物多样性是否足够。 相似文献
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阐述人类农业发展史中生物多样性的变化、生物多样性与农业生态系统稳定性及生产力的关系,对生物多样性与农业生态系统关系的研究成果进行总结,并在此基础上,提出保护生物多样性、促进农业可持续发展的建议,以达到生物多样性与农业生态系统的平衡发展。 相似文献
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生物多样性对农业生态系统粮食安全、生产力和可持续性贡献极大,尤其是在未来全球气候变化加剧的背景下,多物种及其可利用性可为不同条件下农业生产和多种生态过程提供支持。黑土区生态类型多样,是实现我国农业绿色发展的重点区域。然而,由于长期高强度开发利用,黑土区耕地开始退化,湿地、林地等半自然生境面积减少,导致生物多样性下降,严重制约黑土区农业绿色发展。本文在分析黑土区农田生物多样性现状的基础上,对照和借鉴国内外生物多样性保护和农业绿色发展的经验,指出了黑土区农田生物多样性保护存在的主要问题,并进一步提出黑土区集约化农田生物多样性保护对策,以期为黑土地生物多样性复原及农业绿色转型提供理论依据。 相似文献
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T. Garrett Graddy 《Agriculture and Human Values》2013,30(4):587-604
This paper emerges from and aims to contribute to conversations on agricultural biodiversity loss, value, and renewal. Standard international responses to the crisis of agrobiodiversity erosion focus mostly on ex situ preservation of germplasm, with little financial and strategic support for in situ cultivation. Yet, one agrarian collective in the Peruvian Andes—the Parque de la Papa (Parque)—has repatriated a thousand native potatoes from the gene bank in Lima so as to catalyze in situ regeneration of lost agricultural biodiversity in the region. Drawing on participant action research and observation, this paper engages with the projects underway at the Parque—as well as “indigenous biocultural heritage” (IBCH), the original action-framework guiding the Parque’s work. IBCH grounds the ecology of successful crop diversity within the Andean cosmovisión, or worldview—which is included, but marginalized, in mainstream agrobiodiversity conservation policies. The IBCH concept counters apolitical renderings of agrobiodiversity erosion, arguing that this disregard of biocultural heritage perpetuates colonialist devaluations of efficacious “traditional ecological knowledge” and epistemologies. Accordingly, this paper discerns here an on-site, or in situ, political ecology of agricultural biodiversity conservation. 相似文献
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We view agrobiodiversity as a social-ecological phenomenon and, therefore, an example of nature–gender relations within agrarian change, including social, economic, political and technical changes in agriculture and rural areas. As a result of the industrialization of agriculture, nature–gender relations in the field of agrobiodiversity have become characterized by separation processes such as conservation versus use or subsistence versus commodity production. We argue that the sustainable development paradigm, as currently implemented in European Common Agricultural Policy through the concept of multifunctionality, does not necessarily overcome separation tendencies and lead towards integration, despite its claim to bring together different ecological, economic and social needs. In our paper we critically reflect this observation and develop a theory-based analytical framework at the interface of nature and gender relations. For analytical purposes we distinguish between three different agrarian structures (pre-industrialized, industrialized and multifunctional) and focus on the development of two separation tendencies within them and their effects on agrobiodiversity. Concerning nature, we discuss the effects of separating agrobiodiversity conservation and use. With regard to gender, we discuss the separation of subsistence and commodity production. Against this background, we claim for new rural economic rationalities characterized by processes whose qualitative, material and value dimensions maintain agrobiodiversity. 相似文献
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通过实地的调查研究,探讨了广西龙脊廖家寨梯田水利情况,描述了当地的灌溉用水技术及其水利管理情况,发现其水利与当地独特的生态环境和文化因素有着紧密的联系。 相似文献
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Karl S. Zimmerer 《Agriculture and Human Values》2007,24(1):9-16
Globalization offers a mix of new trajectories for agriculture, livelihoods, resource use, and environmental conservation.
The papers in this issue share elements that advance our understanding of these new trajectories. The shared elements suggest
an approach that places stress on: (i) the common ground of theoretical concepts (local-global interactions), methodologies
(case study design), and analytical frameworks (spatio-temporal emphasis); (ii) farm-level economic diversification and the
dynamics of agricultural intensification-disintensification; (iii) the pervasive role of agricultural as well as environmental
institutions, organizations, and governance issues; (iv) the ‹agency of nature’ that blends the roles of non-human organisms
and the cultural and social practices of people both at the local scale and beyond; (v) the framing of sustainability initiatives
and outcomes through the perspective of historical change; (vi)␣spatial environmental dynamics of the ‹new geographics of
environmental conservation’ that impact agriculture, food production, and resource management; and (vii) successful and promising
policies, projects, and developments mapping out possible spaces of hope for agricultural sustainability, aquitable development,
and food security. The adoption and application of these elements is successful also in avoiding the tendency toward just-so
accounts or overly simplified stories of agrarian and environment successes amid the often grim realities of globalization
and its impacts.
Karl Zimmerer
is a geographer and environmental scientist researching and teaching on the topics of globalization and human-environment
change (with emphasis on agriculture, conservation and rural livelihoods); the dynamics of agrobiodiversity in tropical mountains
(currently focused on irrigation and the relations of new water resource management to agrobiodiversity change); and the development
and experience of spatial-environmental models, environmental science, and conservation planning. Karl is the author of numerous
articles and his books and monographs include four publications, most recently Globalization and New Geographies of Conservation
(2006, University of Chicago). He is active in various organizations involved with agricultural, environmental, conservation,
and globalization policies and also edits the Nature-Society section of the Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 相似文献
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Karl S. Zimmerer 《Agriculture and Human Values》2003,20(2):107-123
Farmers of the Peruvian Andesmake use of seed-size variation as a source offlexibility in the production of ``nativecommercial' farmer varieties of Andeanpotatoes and ulluco. In a case study of easternCuzco, the use of varied sizes of seed tubers isfound to underpin versatile farm strategiessuited to partial commercialization (combinedwith on-farm consumption and the next season'sseed). Use of seed-size variation also providesadaptation to diverse soil-moistureenvironments. The importance and widespread useof seed-size variation among farmers isdemonstrated in the emphasis and consistency oflinguistic expressions about this trait. Smalland small-medium seed is typically sown in thecommunity's ``Hill' unit of sub-humid,upper-elevation agriculture. Seed tubers ofmedium-size and larger are needed fordrought-stressed locales in lower-elevationlandscape units. Farm-level preferences for theseed-size of tubers also suggest potentialrelations to resource endowments of farmhouseholds and gender-related management,although these tendencies were notstatistically significant in the study. Anintra-varietal, landscape-environmentalperspective on seed-size management, whichincludes an emphasis on within-fieldversatility, helps to strengthen the researchsupport of local seed production in policiesand programs aiming for in situagrobiodiversity conservation, marketingcapacity, and food security. 相似文献
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利用24对SSR引物对云南省保山市分别在原位和异位保存条件下的12个水稻品种进行遗传多样性分析。24对引物在原位居群共检测到等位基因（A）110个,平均等位基因数(Na)为4.58个,平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为3.08个,其中多态性位点百分率(P)为91.76%,香农指数(I)为1.17;异位居群共检测到等位基因88个,Na为3.67个,Ne为2.52个,P为100%,I为1.03。结果显示,原位居群的各遗传多样性参数均高于异位保存居群,这表明与异位保护相比,原位保护是维持种群遗传多样性的一种更好的方式。 相似文献
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通过分析村镇建设发展的历史和我国目前生态节能建设的发展现状以及存在的问题,结合具有我国文化传统的宏村古村落生态节能建设经验,提出了具有中国特色的生态节能村镇建设发展的若干建议,以进一步促进我国生态节能建设的发展。 相似文献
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野生稻是水稻新品种选育的重要基因来源。广东自1978—1980年开展首次全国野生稻资源普查搜集以来,在野生稻种质资源保护和利用方面取得显著成效：在广州建立了国家野生稻种质资源圃和广东省水稻种质资源库,目前入圃种植保存野生稻资源5 188份、繁殖种子入库保存4 000余份,涵盖20个野生稻种;在广州和茂名各建立了1个普通野生稻原生境保护区;形成了种茎入圃、种子入库保存及原生境保护相结合的野生稻资源保护体系。利用广东野生稻资源直接或间接育成156个品种通过国家、省、地品种审定,其中18个通过国家品种审定,而且大部分品种米质达到国标、部标或省标优质3级或以上等级,说明野生稻资源在优质稻品种培育中发挥着重要作用。但广东野生稻种质资源保护与育种利用工作仍存在以下主要问题：野生稻原生境保护区布局不全面,野生稻自然生存呈现濒危趋势;野生稻资源鉴评设施设备条件不完善,深度鉴评基础薄弱,影响野生稻资源充分利用。建议加大野生稻保护与鉴评经费投入,加强野生稻原生境保护区规划建设和管理,加强野生稻资源优异种质创新、育种新材料创制和相关应用基础研究,以促进野生稻资源保护和育种利用取得更大成效。 相似文献