首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 531 毫秒
1.
豆饼、菜籽饼、菜籽分别用０．４％、０．６％、０．８％（ｇ／１００ｇＣＰ）甲醛处理后２４ｈ瘤胃干物质降解率（ＤＭＤ２４）分别从８０．２６％、７％、８４．０４％下降到６７．０７％、４８％、７７％；有机物降解率（ＯＭＤ２４）分别从８１．２３％、６９．５０％、８４．０９％下降到６８．２２％、５２．６％、７８．０５％；粗蛋白降解率（ＣＰＤ２４）分别从７２．４３％、７１．６１％、８９．８０％下降到４８．６６％  相似文献   

2.
本实验用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定了酱油渣（长营）、酱油渣（豆各庄）、白酒糟（大厂）、白酒糟（围场）、玉米淀粉渣、麦芽根、啤酒糟、麸皮、羊草、稻草、氢化稻草、高梁青贮（豆各庄）、大麦青贮（长营）、高粱青贮（长营）、苜蓿、王米秸、麦秸、氨化麦秸的瘤胃有机物动态降解率（％）分别为４６．５０、４６．０２、２５．４１、１８．５４、３８．５８、５９．０３、３２·８４、６９·１４、４１．１４、３２．０９、３７．７７、３９．８６、３６．３６、３６．７８、４５．１３、３２．８７、２９．５０、３７．１５。前８种饲料营养成份的粗脂肪（ＥＥ）、粗蛋白（ＣＰ）、粗纤维（ＣＰ）、无氮浸出物（ＮＰＥ）与瘤胃有机物动态降解率（ＦＯＭ）的回归方程为：ＦＯＭ＝１９１．４５＋０．８０ＥＥ－２．２０ＣＰ－４．３９ＣＦ－０．９１ＮＦＥ（Ｒ＝０．９１．ｎ＝８）相应后１０种饲料的回归方程为：ＦＯＭ＝－１０．５３－０．４１ＥＥ＋１．８３ＣＰ＋０．４４ＣＦ＋０．５６ＮＦＥ（Ｒ＝０．９０，ｎ＝１０）  相似文献   

3.
饼粕类饲料蛋白质降解率的研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  
５头带瘤胃和真胃瘘管的绵羊饲喂由基础饲料和蛋白质补充料豆饼、芝麻粕、大豆粕、花生粕、处理豆饼、黄豆粉组成的日粮，用体内法测得７种日粮的蛋白质瘤胃降解率（％）分别为６７．８９、６９．８２、６６．５６、７０．７０、６３．０３、７２．１７、８０．０５；相应蛋白质补充料的降解率（％）为４８．３３、４９．１８、５１．２６、６０．７７、３１．７０、６８．２２。用尼龙袋法估测上述蛋白质补充料的蛋白质降解率（Ｋ＝  相似文献   

4.
试验采用尼龙袋法测定微贮玉米秸秆、碱化玉米秸秆、羊草及未处理玉米秸秆于绵羊瘤胃４８ｈ的养分消失率。试验结果表明，微贮秸秆、碱化秸秆及羊草在瘤胃中４８ｈ的干物质消失率（ＤＭＤＮＬＤ）分别比对未处理秸秆提高４６．６％、５４．４％及５３．０％，但前三者间差异不显著；微贮秸秆、碱化秸秆及羊草的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维瘤胃消失率（ＮＤＦＤＮＬＤ和ＡＤＦＤＮＬＤ）与未处理秸秆在统上差异不显著，但微贮秸秆的中  相似文献   

5.
为了探讨玉米秸对家兔的饲用价值，进行了玉米秸能量及主要营养成分在家兔的消化率测定。结果，总能（ＧＥ）消化率为５９．６４％，消化能（ＤＥ）含量９．１７ＭＪ／ｋｇ，粗蛋白（ＣＰ）、粗脂肪（ＥＥ）、无氮浸出物（ＮＦＥ）、灰分（ａｓｈ）、干物质（ＤＭ）和有机物（ＯＭ）消化率分别为４０．３９％、２３．４９％、８３．３％、７６．５４％、３８．３４％、５３．０９％和５３．５２％。玉米秸对家兔有较高的ＤＥ含量及ＮＦＥ和ＣＦ消化率，但ＣＰ消化率较低，家兔日粮中使用玉米秸时要注意补加蛋白质饲料  相似文献   

6.
日粮中精料比例对稻谷和甘薯淀粉的瘤胃降解率影响   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  
以３头带瘤胃瘘管肉牛,用尼龙袋法测定了稻谷和甘薯淀粉在日粮精粗比例分别为７５∶２５,６０∶４０,４０∶６０,２５∶７５时的瘤胃降解率,高精料日粮（精粗比７５∶２５）的稻谷淀粉瘤胃降解率明显低于其它日粮（ｐ＜００５）,其降解率分别为４９２１％,６２４８％,６４８８％,６５８７％;而对于甘薯,低精料日粮（精粗比２５∶７５）的淀粉瘤胃降解率明显高于其它日粮（ｐ＜００５）,相应的结果分别为５３３８％,３７２２％,５３０５７％,６３４２％。  相似文献   

7.
选用９只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古细毛羊羯羊（体重为３０１４±５１３ｋｇ）进行消化代谢和瘤胃内环境指标的研究。将试验羊按体重分３组，即对照组（基础日粮）、无机锌组（基础日粮＋ＺｎＯ＋Ｍｅｔ）、螯合锌组（基础日粮＋Ｚｎ－Ｍｅｔ）。试验结果表明，３组羊间瘤胃液ｐＨ值变化差异不显著（Ｐ＞００５）；饲喂蛋氨酸锌（Ｚｎ－Ｍｅｔ）组绵羊有降低瘤胃液中ｐＨ值的趋势；无机锌组和螯合锌组的瘤胃液中ＮＨ３－Ｎ浓度都比对照组高，而且Ｚｎ－Ｍｅｔ组的ＮＨ３－Ｎ水平比ＺｎＯ组变化较平稳而有所降低。日粮中干物质、有机物质和粗蛋白质消化率在各组间差异不显著（Ｐ＞００５）。Ｚｎ－Ｍｅｔ组绵羊体内氮沉积率（３６２０％）显著高于对照组（２４３１％）和ＺｎＯ组（２５３９％）。对照组、ＺｎＯ组和Ｚｎ－Ｍｅｔ组绵羊体内锌的沉积率分别为２５５７％、２７４７％和３４２７％，螯合型Ｚｎ－Ｍｅｔ中锌的生物利用率比ＺｎＯ提高６８个百分点（Ｐ＜００５）。  相似文献   

8.
超排山羊卵巢卵母细胞体外成熟和体外受精的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
以ＴＣＭ１９９＋１０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＨＥＰＥＳ＋青霉素（６ｍｇ／Ｌ）＋链霉素（５ｍｇ／Ｌ）为基础培养液（ＢＭ），再分别加入不同成分，配成５种卵母细胞成熟液：（Ａ）ＢＭ＋１０％ＥＧＳ；（Ｂ）ＢＭ＋１０％ＥＧＳ＋ＨＣＧ（２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ）；（Ｃ）ＢＭ＋１０％ＥＧＳ＋ＨＣＧ＋Ｅ２（１ｍｇ／Ｌ）；（Ｄ）ＢＭ＋１０％ＦＣＳ＋ＨＣＧ＋Ｅ２；（Ｅ）ＢＭ＋１０％ＥＧＳ＋ＨＣＧ＋Ｅ２＋颗粒细胞（１．５×１０６～３．０×１０６个／ｍＬ）。在３８．５℃、５％ＣＯ２下培养２６ｈ，排卵后第１天卵巢卵母细胞体外成熟率分别为６７．６７％（２０／３０），６０．４２％（２９／４８），８３．６７％（４１／４９）和８０．８２％（５９／７３），排卵后第５天卵巢卵母细胞，在培液Ｄ中体外成熟率为７１．４３％（４５／６３）。排卵后第１天的９８枚卵巢卵母细胞，体外成熟体外受精卵裂率为２１．４３％，２１枚２细胞胚移植５头受体获２头羔羊。研究表明，超排山羊卵巢卵母细胞经体外成熟可获得大量廉价的成熟卵母细胞，并可通过体外受精获得试管山羊  相似文献   

9.
鸡沙门氏菌外膜蛋白的免疫效果观察   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
用含ＥＤＴＡ的提取剂制备了鸡沙门氏菌外膜蛋白（ＯＭＰ），经琼脂扩散试验检测，与同源株抗血清出现特异性沉淀线，与不同源株出现完全同源和部分同源的沉淀线，经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析，ＯＭＰ抗原所含的蛋白质分子量介于１４～６７kＤ之间，并用电洗脱方法分别制备了分子量为２０～３０kＤ、３０～４３kＤ和４３～６７kＤ的ＯＭＰ抗原组分， 并将其用于免疫攻毒试验，结果表明，ＯＭＰ铝剂苗对鸡的死亡保护率为８９．４％，油剂  相似文献   

10.
饲喂玉米型日粮的生长绵羊限制性氨基酸研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
本实验采用９ 只安装有瘤胃、十二指肠和回肠瘘管的生长羯羊， 采用随机区组试验设计，研究了饲喂以玉米、玉米蛋白粉和青干草为基础日粮的绵羊消化道不同部位营养物质流通量，以及由十二指肠瘘管按“递减法”灌注不同氨基酸［Ａ：减赖氨酸（Ｌｙｓ） ；Ｂ：减蛋氨酸（ Ｍｅｔ） ；Ｃ１ ：全量；Ｄ：减苏氨酸（Ｔｈｒ） ；Ｅ：减组氨酸（Ｈｉｓ） ；Ｃ２ ：全量；Ｆ：减精氨酸（ Ａｒｇ） ；Ｇ：减色氨酸（Ｔｒｐ） ；Ｃ３ ：全量］ 对绵羊体内氮沉积、血浆尿素氮（ＰＵＮ） 、血浆游离氨基酸（ＦＡＡ） 浓度等指标的影响。结果表明：饲喂玉米型日粮的绵羊瘤胃食糜流通速率（ Ｋｐ） 为５ ．０９ ％ ～６ ．１５ ％ ／ ｈ ， 进入十二指肠中微生物蛋白占总氮的比例为１７ ．７９ ％ ～３０ ．４３ ％ 。绵羊十二指肠中Ｍｅｔ 、Ｌｙｓ 、Ｈｉｓ 和Ａｒｇ 流量偏低，而Ｌｅｕ 的流量较高。与对照组（Ｃ１ 、Ｃ２ 、Ｃ３） 相比，减少Ｌｙｓ 、Ｍｅｔ 、Ｔｈｒ 、Ｈｉｓ 、Ａｒｇ 和Ｔｒｐ 组的绵羊体内沉积氮（ｇ／ ｋｇ Ｗ０ ．７５） 分别下降２３ ．５０ ％ 、４６ ．６７ ％ 、２８ ．６６ ％ 、１５ ．００ ％ 、１７ ．３３ ％ 和１５ ．８９ ％ ；日增重分别下降３７ ．０４ ％ 、５３ ．１７ ％  相似文献   

11.
We studied the effects of the addition of liquefied vs prilled mostly saturated fatty acids (FA) to the concentrate portion of total mixed diets on ruminal and total tract digestibilities. Four Holstein steers (270 +/- 23 kg) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Diets contained (DM basis) 30.0% corn silage, 22.2% chopped alfalfa hay, 25.0% ground shelled corn, 12.5% soybean meal, and 5% of one of the following fat sources: 1) prilled FA (PFA), 2) choice white grease (triglycerides) added in liquid form (LTG), 3) 2.5% PFA + 2.5% LTG, or 4) 2.5% liquefied PFA (LFA) + 2.5% LTG. Ad libitum OM intake was not different (P > .10) among diets (mean 7.8 kg/d). Ruminal digestibilities of OM (35.7, 39.9, 42.2, and 37.3% for Diets 1 to 4, respectively) were greatest (P < .10) for the combination of PFA + LTG and lowest for PFA alone. Ruminal digestibilities of NDF, ADF, and starch did not differ (P > .10) among diets. Total tract digestibilities of OM, NDF, and ADF were greater (P < .10) for the diet containing LTG alone than for the diet containing LFA + LTG because of trends for greater postruminal digestibilities. The LFA + LTG diet resulted in a greater proportion of acetate and lower proportion of propionate in ruminal fluid than PFA alone (P < .10). The acetate:propionate ratio (3.53, 2.96, 3.10, and 2.89 for Diets 1 to 4, respectively) was lower (P < .05) for LFA + LTG or LTG alone than for PFA alone. Postruminal and total tract digestibilities of total FA (66.0, 76.0, 71.2, and 68.9% for Diets 1 to 4, respectively) were lower (P < .05) for PFA than for other diets. Addition of saturated FA in liquid form resulted in digestibilities and ruminal effects similar to the same saturated FA added in prilled form.  相似文献   

12.
Six ruminally and duodenally cannulated yearling steers (523 kg) were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design experiment to study the effects of corn processing on nutrient digestion, bacterial CP production, and ruminal fermentation. Dietary treatments consisted of 90% concentrate diets that were based on dry-rolled (DRC), high-moisture (HMC), or steam-flaked (SFC) corn. Each diet contained 2.0% urea (DM basis) as the sole source of supplemental nitrogen. Each period lasted 17 d, with d 1 through 14 for diet adaptation and d 15 through 17 for fecal, duodenal, and ruminal sampling. Dry matter and OM intakes were similar for DRC and SFC but were approximately 15% higher (P < 0.05) for HMC. True ruminal OM digestibilities were 18 and 10% greater (P < 0.05) for HMC than for DRC or SFC, respectively. Ruminal starch digestibilities were similar between HMC and SFC and were approximately 19% greater (P < 0.05) than DRC. Postruminal OM digestibility was similar among treatments; however, postruminal starch digestibility was 15% greater (P < 0.05) for SFC than for DRC or HMC, which were similar. Total-tract DM and OM digestibilities were similar between HMC and SFC and were 4% greater (P < 0.05) than DRC. Likewise, total-tract starch digestibilities were similar between HMC and SFC and were 3% greater (P < 0.05) than DRC. Bacterial CP flow to the duodenum was 29% greater (P < 0.05) for HMC than for DRC or SFC, which were similar. Bacterial N efficiencies were similar among treatments. Based on bacterial CP flow from the rumen, we estimate that dietary DIP requirements are approximately 12% higher for HMC-based diets than for DRC or SFC-based diets, which were similar.  相似文献   

13.
The effects of tallow supplementation [0% (NT) vs 7.5% (T)] and crude protein level [8.5% (LP) vs 12.0% (HP)] on ruminal fermentation, microbial protein (MCP) synthesis, digesta passage and site of digestion were estimated using yearling Angus X Simmental steers (390 kg) fitted with ruminal and T-type duodenal cannulae. Chromium-EDTA and ytterbium (Yb) chloride were used as markers of the liquid and solid phases. Passage and site of digestion data were estimated from the concentrations of Yb in the duodenal digesta and feces. Dry matter (DM) intakes were 6.8, 6.5, 6.3 and 6.6 kg/d for the NT-LP, NT-HP and T-HP diets, respectively. Ruminal ammonia concentrations (mg/100 ml) for the NT-LP, NT-HP, T-LP and T-HP diets were 1.22, 4.75, 1.05 and 3.41, respectively. Tallow decreased (P less than .05) acetate (mol/100 mol), increased (P less than .01) propionate (mol/100 mol) and decreased the total volatile fatty acid concentration. Tallow depressed apparent ruminal DM and organic matter (OM) digestibilities only on the HP diet. High protein increased ruminal DM, OM and fiber digestibilities. Tallow and LP tended to shift the site of OM digestion to the lower tract. The liquid and solid dilution rates for the NT-LP, NT-HP, T-LP and T-HP diets were 9.53, 3.37; 5.63, 3.28; 6.66, 5.10 and 6.79, 5.34%/h, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

14.
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of tall fescue hay maturity on intake, digestion, and ruminal fermentation responses to different supplemental energy sources fed to beef steers. Twelve ruminally cannulated, crossbred steers (initial BW = 228 +/- 21 kg) were used in a split-plot experiment with a 3 x 4 factorial treatment arrangement. Steers were assigned randomly to three supplement treatments: 1) no supplement, 2) pelleted soybean hulls, or 3) coarse cracked corn. The second treatment factor was fescue hay maturity: 1) vegetative (VEG), 2) boot-stage (BOOT), 3) heading-stage (HEAD), and 4) mature (MAT). Supplements were fed once daily at 0.67% of BW (OM basis) and tall fescue hay was offered once daily at 150% of average intake. Supplement type x forage maturity interactions were not detected (P > or = 0.25) for forage, total, or digestible OM intake, which generally decreased (P < 0.01) with advancing forage maturity. Supplementation decreased (P < 0.01) forage and increased (P < 0.01) total OM intake. Supplement type had no effect (P = 0.56) on substitution ratio (unit change in forage intake per unit of supplement intake). Digestible OM intake was increased (P < 0.01) by supplementation and was greater (P = 0.05) with soybean hulls than with corn. Supplement type x forage maturity interactions (P < or = 0.10) were observed for OM and NDF digestibilities and N retention. Increases in digestibility with soybean hulls relative to corn were greater and supplementation elicited greater increases in N retention with more mature forages. Compared with soybean hulls, corn supplementation resulted in greater (P < 0.01) negative associative effects on OM digestibility. Supplementation did not affect (P > or = 0.10) ruminal pH, total VFA concentrations, or acetate:propionate ratio. Corn supplementation decreased (P < or = 0.07) ruminal NH3-N concentrations compared with control and soybean hulls; however, decreases in ruminal NH3-N concentrations were not consistent with the presence of negative associative effects. Thus, mechanisms not involving ruminal pH or NH3-N concentration seem responsible for negative associative effects observed with corn supplementation. Within the range of forage quality in this study, increases in digestible OM intake from starch- or fiber-based supplements were independent of forage maturity. When fed at similar levels of OM, soybean hull supplementation provided an average of 6% greater digestible OM intake than corn supplementation.  相似文献   

15.
Six Hampshire wethers with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were fed three diets in a replicated 3 X 3 latin square to compare phospholipids with triglycerides for their effects on ruminal digestion. The diets (56% concentrate, 44% bermuda-grass hay, air-dried basis) contained either no added fat (control), 5.2% soybean lecithin or 2.4% corn oil on a DM basis. All diets were isonitrogenous and both fat-supplemented diets had similar fatty acid and energy contents. Fat added to the diet, regardless of source, reduced digestibilities of DM, energy, ADF and fatty acids in the rumen but had no effect on total tract digestibility coefficients. Lecithin slightly increased (P = .06) fatty acid digestion in the hindgut compared to corn oil (91.0 and 87.0%, respectively). Both fat sources decreased (P less than .01) ruminal ammonia concentration and increased (P less than .10) N flow to the duodenum. Added fat also reduced ruminal (P less than .01) and total tract (P less than .05) N digestibilities. Microbial N flow to the hindgut was not affected by diet, but adding fat increased (P less than .06) true efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. Overall, phospholipids from soybean lecithin inhibited ruminal fermentation similarly to triglycerides from corn oil. Despite ruminal degradation of lecithin by microbial phospholipases as shown in other studies, feeding lecithin tended to increase fatty acid digestion in the hindgut.  相似文献   

16.
Effects of sulfate supplementation on milk yield and composition, ruminal and blood metabolites, acid-base status, and nutrient digestibilities were determined using 30 multiparous, lactating Alpine does. Goats were fed isonitrogenous diets containing .16 (basal), .26, or .36% S (DM basis) during a 13-wk lactation trial that coincided with wk 3 to 15 of lactation. During wk 16 to 17, four does from each treatment were placed in a metabolism crate to measure nutrient digestibility and balance. Feed intake, yield of 4% fat-corrected milk, and milk S content were not affected by added S, but the goats fed the .26% S diet had a trend of higher persistency of lactation (P < .20). During wk 10 and 15 of lactation, milk solids-not-fat percentage was higher (P < .10) for does fed the .26% S diet. Sulfur supplementation resulted in quadratic decreases in ruminal ammonia N (P < .05) in wk 15 and in plasma urea N in wk 10 and 15 (P < .05) but in linear increases (P < .05) in ruminal protein S concentrations throughout the experiment. Added S had little effect on blood acid-base status. Apparent digestibilities of DM, OM, ash, ADF, and GE were increased linearly (P < .10) by added S. The milk N:S ratio remained constant. Increasing S from .16 to .26% of diet DM was beneficial to lactating Alpine goats during early lactation.  相似文献   

17.
Five crossbred beef cows (Hereford X Angus, 438 kg), cannulated in the rumen and duodenum, were used in a Latin square experiment to determine the effects of dietary proportions of bermudagrass (B) and clover (C) hays (0: 1, .25: .75, .5: .5, .75: .25 and 1: 0) on digestive function. Feed intake was 85% of ad libitum intake of B alone (1.35% of body weight). Bermudagrass contained 1.88% nitrogen (N), 79.6% neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and 5.2% acid detergent lignin (ADL), and C contained 2.30% N, 55.3% NDF and 6.3% ADL. Molar proportion of acetic increased linearly while propionic acid moved in the opposite direction as B replaced C (P less than .05). Mean particle size of duodenal digesta increased linearly (P less than .05) as B increased, but specific gravity of particles was constant (P greater than .10). Fluid passage rate decreased while volume increased linearly with increasing B (P less than .05) so that ruminal fluid outflow rate increased quadratically (P less than .10). Particulate passage rate ranged from 3.0 to 3.4% h. Apparent ruminal organic matter (OM) digestion was 69.0, 54.0, 53.0, 49.1 and 49.7% for 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% B, respectively, decreasing quadratically as B rose (P less than .05). Postruminal OM digestibilities as percentages of intake and available OM changed quadratically (P less than .05) as dietary B increased, causing total tract OM digestion to decrease linearly (P less than .05; 73.8, 66.4, 63.1, 60.3 and 58.2% for 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% B diets, respectively). Duodenal microbial-N flow increased quadratically with increasing B (P less than .05), being 45, 108, 103, 105 and 101 g/d, and microbial growth efficiency increased quadratically as well (P less than .05). True ruminal N disappearance ranged from 69.0 to 79.4% and was not affected by diet (P greater than .10). Ruminal digestibilities of fibre fractions were similar to OM. Little digestive function benefit was achieved by mixing warm season grass and legume hays in diets of maintenance-fed beef cows.  相似文献   

18.
A laboratory silo trial, two lamb metabolism trials and a lamb growth trial were conducted to compare the nitrogen (N) value of swine methane digester effluent (MDE) to that of urea. Using laboratory silos (four/treatment), fermentation characteristics were measured for silages containing cracked corn, ground wheat straw and MDE added at levels of 0, 4, 8 or 12% of silage dry matter (DM). Lactic acid concentration increased linearly with up to 8% MDE addition, but then decreased (P less than .05; quadratic) with 12% MDE. Butyric acid was highest (P less than .05; linear) with 12% MDE, indicating an undesirable fermentation. In a metabolism study, DM, organic matter and N digestibilities and N balance were similar (P greater than .10) between urea and MDE, but DM digestibility was lower (P less than .05) for ensiled diets (52%) than diets fed fresh daily (59.4%). Mean ruminal volatile fatty acid, ruminal ammonia-N and plasma urea-N concentrations were similar (P greater than .10) between urea- and MDE-fed lambs. Plasma urea-N was higher (P less than .05) and ruminal isovaleric acid lower (P less than .05) in animals fed ensiled than fresh diets. In the second metabolism trial, digestibility of N was lowest (P less than .05) for MDE (51.2%) and highest for soybean meal (SBM; 71.8%), but N balance was similar among all diets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

19.
Two metabolism (4 x 4 Latin square design) experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of corn condensed distillers solubles (CCDS) supplementation on intake, ruminal fermentation, site of digestion, and the in situ disappearance rate of forage in beef steers fed low-quality switchgrass hay (Panicum virgatum L.). Experimental periods for both trials consisted of a 9-d diet adaptation and 5 d of collection. In Exp. 1, 4 ruminally and duodenally cannulated steers (561 +/- 53 kg of initial BW) were fed low-quality switchgrass hay (5.1% CP, 40.3% ADF, 7.5% ash; DM basis) and supplemented with CCDS (15.4% CP, 4.2% fat; DM basis). Treatments included 1) no CCDS; 2) 5% CCDS; 3) 10% CCDS; and 4) 15% CCDS (DM basis), which was offered separately from the hay. In Exp. 2, 4 ruminally and duodenally cannulated steers (266.7 +/- 9.5 kg of initial BW) were assigned to treatments similar to Exp. 1, except forage (Panicum virgatum L.; 3.3% CP, 42.5% ADF, 5.9% ash; DM basis) and CCDS (21.6% CP, 17.4% fat; DM basis) were fed as a mixed ration, using a forage mixer to blend the CCDS with the hay. In Exp. 1, ruminal, postruminal, and total tract OM digestibilities were not affected (P = 0.21 to 0.59) by treatment. Crude protein intake and total tract CP digestibility increased linearly with increasing CCDS (P = 0.001 and 0.009, respectively). Microbial CP synthesis tended (P = 0.11) to increase linearly with increasing CCDS, whereas microbial efficiency was not different (P = 0.38). Supplementation of CCDS to low-quality hay-based diets tended to increase total DM and OM intakes (P = 0.11 and 0.13, respectively) without affecting hay DMI (P = 0.70). In Exp. 2, ruminal OM digestion increased linearly (P = 0.003) with increasing CCDS, whereas postruminal and total tract OM digestibilities were not affected (P > or = 0.37) by treatment. Crude protein intake, total tract CP digestibility, and microbial CP synthesis increased (P < or = 0.06) with increasing level of CCDS supplementation, whereas microbial efficiency did not change (P = 0.43). Ruminal digestion of ADF and NDF increased (P = 0.02 and 0.008, respectively) with CCDS supplementation. Based on this data, CCDS used in Exp. 2 was 86.7% rumen degradable protein. The results indicate that CCDS supplementation improves nutrient availability and use of low-quality forages.  相似文献   

20.
This study aimed to evaluate the substitution of imported corn and soybean by local feed resources from tropical production settings such as entire green banana and Gliricidia sepium forage as energy and protein sources, respectively, in sheep diets. Two experiments were conducted: first, a ‘growth trial’ and second, an in vivo digestion study. In the ‘growth trial’, 40 Martinik lambs [body weight (BW): 29.4 ± 3.6 kg; 6 months old) were used and distributed into four groups of 10 lambs each according to treatment: HBGl (banana + gliricidia at low level; 1500 g/day; 119 g/kg BW0.75), HBGh (banana + gliricidia at high level; 3000 g/day; 238 g/kg BW0.75), HBS (banana + soybean cake) and Control (corn + soybean cake). In digestion trial, four Martinik rams (BW: 57.2 ± 3.45 kg) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were used; treatments (HBG, HBS and Control) were similar but adjusted to metabolic body weight (MW) and just one level of gliricidia was used. Intake, average daily gain (ADG), feed intake to gain index (F:G), apparent total and ruminal digestibilities as well as nitrogen balance, microbial efficiency and volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile were monitored. Lambs fed HBGh had greater dry matter (DM) intake based on MW and ADG (173 g/day vs. 141 g/day; p < 0.001), whereas HBGl lambs showed the lowest ADG (71.5 g/day) and the worst F:G (14.4; p < 0.001). The DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre digestibilities were not influenced by treatment, whereas crude protein digestibility was higher (p = 0.024) in diets offered banana or corn + soybean cake (687 g/kg DM and 658 g/kg DM, respectively). Ruminal DM and OM digestibilities did not differ among treatments. Total or individual VFA concentrations were also not influenced by the diet. Higher (p = 0.006) ruminal fluid pH values were recorded for diets combining banana and gliricidia (6.54) or banana and soybean (6.39) until 3 h after a meal. As all animals on gliricidia‐ and banana‐supplemented diets gained weight and maintained a positive N balance, it is concluded that green banana and gliricidia forage may be a viable alternative to replace conventional energy and protein supplements in sheep diets.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号