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1.
油茶土壤养分和果实主要经济性状对沼液用量的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为给沼液在油茶上的应用提供合理与科学的指导,以6年生油茶林为研究对象,采用随机区组试验设计,设置了5个施不同沼液量的试验组(B_0:0 kg/株,对照组;B_1:10 kg/株;B_2:20 kg/株;B_3:30 kg/株;B_4:40 kg/株),连续2 a观测其对油茶土壤主要养分含量变化情况及对油茶果实产量、含油率的影响。结果表明:施用沼液能够显著增加土壤中有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量,对土壤肥力改良作用明显。在施沼液2 a后,土壤中碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量均随着沼液用量的增加而逐渐增加,土壤有机质的含量则趋于平稳。5组处理中,以B_4(40 kg/株)处理对土壤养分含量的改善效果最好。在油茶果实方面,施用沼液能有效提高油茶单株鲜果产量,改善油茶果实经济性状。不同沼液用量处理油茶鲜籽含水率、鲜出籽率、种仁含油率、鲜果含油率差异显著。与对照组B_0处理相比,B_3(30 kg/株)处理油茶鲜出籽率提高了56.7%,干出籽率提高了34.72%;B_4处理主要提高了油茶果实含油率,与对照相比,其种仁含油率提高了21.20%,鲜果含油率提高了58.93%。土壤速效养分含量与油茶果实含油率呈显著正相关,其中以土壤速效磷含量与果实含油率相关性最好。因此,施用沼液能够改善土壤速效养分含量,显著提高油茶果实含油率。 相似文献
2.
《西部林业科学》2016,(5)
在广西巴马县选取6年生的油茶人工林为研究对象,连续3年开展不同施肥量(0.25kg/株、0.50kg/株、0.75kg/株、1.00kg/株、1.25kg/株和不施肥)对油茶中幼林树高、地径、冠幅的影响研究。试验共设6个处理,分别是处理1(0.25kg/株)、处理2(0.50kg/株)、处理3(0.75kg/株)、处理4(1.00kg/株)、处理5(1.25kg/株)和处理CK(不施肥)。结果表明,各施肥处理对油茶中幼林的树高、地径、冠幅增长表现不一致。其中,处理CK对各营养生长指标的影响效果最小;施肥量为1.00kg/株的处理对油茶树高生长的促进效果最大;施肥量为0.50kg/株的处理对油茶地径、冠幅生长的促进效果最大。综合考虑施肥成本和生长情况,以0.50kg/株的施肥量对油茶人工幼林营养生长的促进效果最佳。 相似文献
3.
为探究不同施肥方案对油茶及其果实的生长及产量的影响。以都匀市国有平浪林场为试验地点,设置有机肥和复合肥2种肥料处理,0.60、0.80、1.00 kg/(株·a) 3种施肥量,对不同施肥方式下油茶及其果实的生长情况和品质状况进行评估,比较了不同施肥方案对油茶及其果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明：处理组B2油茶及其果实的品质和产量相对较好,其株高、冠幅、地径、产量相较于对照组分别提高了：35.58%、49.46%、56.85%、63.96%;油茶果实的单果尺寸、单果质量、鲜果含油率、种仁含油率、干出仁率、干出籽率相较于对照组分别提高了：35.51%、85.85%、33.98%、32.09%、15.97%、34.17%。试验结果可为油茶的科学施肥提供理论依据。 相似文献
4.
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(8)
探究不同肥料类型对油茶树体生长、果实养分含量及其油茶产量的影响,从而选择最佳肥料应用于农林施肥,为提高经济效益奠定基础。本试验设置4个处理,即每年每株施用复合肥、油茶专用复合肥和油茶专用有机肥(0.2 kg、0.3 kg、1 kg)以及空白对照来开展施肥试验。并测定了不同的油茶树体指标、油茶果实养分及油茶果实产量指标来比较和分析不同处理间的差异。研究结果表明:对于油茶树体指标而言,在4个处理中,油茶专用复合肥对油茶树体生长的促进作用最佳;对于油茶果实养分含量而言,施用油茶专用有机肥具有显著促进果实养分含量累积的作用。对于油茶产量而言,油茶专用有机肥比其他处理更能促进果实产量。油茶树体指标、油茶果实养分指标及油茶产量指标间有及其密切的相关性。本试验结果表明:施用油茶专用有机肥在油茶生产与经营上最为有效。 相似文献
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6.
于2011—2012年,研究以施用沼渣30 kg·株-1为基肥,分别喷施20%、40%、60%、80%的沼液5次的沼肥不同组合对苹果树生长及产量的影响。结果表明:沼肥能显著促进苹果树生长、改善苹果品质、提高苹果产量,其中以施用沼渣30kg·株-1为基肥,60%沼液喷施5次的沼肥组合(处理3)效果最好。处理3在叶面积、百叶鲜重、叶厚度方面,分别比CK(喷施清水)增长31.40%(P0.01)、13.97%(P0.05)、22.08%(P0.01);6月下旬苹果树的外围新梢,比CK增长38.77%(P0.05);在可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量、苹果硬度方面,分别比CK提高59.72%、48.82%、38.34%、30.77%、55.56%,差异极显著(P0.01);在单果重、优质果率、产量方面,分别比CK提高34.29%、47.30%、39.02%,差异极显著(P0.01)。 相似文献
7.
以8年生油茶林作为研究对象,采用随机区组试验设计,研究沼肥与复合肥不同施肥比例对油茶生长及结实的影响。结果表明:沼肥与复合肥配施能有效促进油茶树高、地径及冠幅面积增长,配施比例不同使油茶生长出现差异,其中处理3油茶树高、冠幅增长量最多,处理2油茶地径增长量最多;沼肥与复合肥配施能有效提高油茶单株冠幅面积产量,改善油茶果实经济性状,其中处理2油茶单株冠幅面积产量、干出籽率、果实干出仁率及种仁含油率高于其他处理;沼肥与复合肥配施能有效提高土壤有机质、速效养分及微量元素含量,其中处理2改善土壤肥力作用明显。综上,油茶成林按3︰1施用沼肥与复合肥,能有效促进油茶生长,提高油茶产量。 相似文献
8.
林地覆盖对于促进油茶果实生长、提高油茶果实产量具有重要意义。该研究对稻草覆盖(A1)、无纺布覆盖(A2)、薄膜覆盖(A3)以及无覆盖(CK)等不同处理下的油茶果实生长变化及其产量进行了分析。结果表明:覆盖可以有效促进油茶果高、果径的生长,提高果实体积及果实产量,不同覆盖材料中稻草覆盖对果实生长的影响最大,观察期末的果高、果径、果实体积及果实产量分别比无覆盖高4.7%、9.7%、16.85%和51.8%。 相似文献
9.
10.
东莞广宁红花油茶产量及果实性状特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《林业与环境科学》2021,(2)
以广东省樟木头林场60多年生广宁红花油茶Camellia semiserrata人工林为试验材料,采用样地和抽样调查的方法研究广宁红花油茶的生长性状、果实产量、果实经济以及数量性状。结果表明:广宁红花油茶地径、树高、冠幅分别为24.0 cm、7.9 m、5.0 m。每625 m~2的样地保存有广宁红花油茶24～42株,单株间地径、冠幅变异较大,树高变异较小。每667 m~2平均鲜果产量为295.7 kg,单株最大为30.1 kg,最少的无果,变异大。果实鲜出籽率、种子含油率、种仁含油率、鲜果含油率分别为11.8%、36.61%、63.11%、2.88%,每667 m~2可产鲜籽34.6 kg,产油8.5 kg。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
16.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
17.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
19.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献