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1.
Fan  Bingtang  Liang  Jilan  Men  Jucheng  Gao  Fang  Li  Guangling  Zhao  Sixi  Hu  Tingjun  Dang  Ping  Zhang  Ling 《Tropical animal health and production》1997,29(4):77S-83S

Cattle experimentally infected withBabesia bigemina orTheileria sergenti or mixed infestations of the two parasites were treated with Total Alkaloid ofPeganum harmala L. The results showed that treatment was effective againstB. bigemina infection, had a marked effect on the course of infection withT. sergenti and some effect on the course of the mixed infection.

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2.

We once tried to treat sheep and goats suffering from theileriosis caused byTheileria hirci using Berenil, Primaquine phosphate, etc. but the cure rate never exceeded 88%. Afterwards we used ‘Miejiaoming’ produced by ourselves and the curative effect was improved significantly. Altogether 33 diseased sheep with ages ranging from 1·5–4 months and with infected red blood corpuscle rates of over 5% were treated in 2 groups. The first group, of 18 sheep, was treated with a dosage of 0·1 millilitre per kilogram body weight and the second group, of 15 sheep, with a dosage of 0·15 millilitre per kilogram body weight. Every diseased sheep was given a daily injection of “Miejiaoming” for 2–4 days. One sheep in the first group was treated four times. Its temperature was reduced from 41·1°C to 40·0°C and its infected red blood corpuscle rate from 36·7% to 2·1%, but it suffered from severe anaemia and heart failure and died on the sixth day. All other sheep in the two groups were cured: the cure rate for the first group was 94·4% and for the second group 100%. In addition, the medicine has been used in regions such as Shanxi Province for treatingTheileria annulata, T. sergenti andBabesia bovis of cattle with satisfactory results.

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3.
Summary A micromodification of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated for its potential application in the immunodiagnosis of bovine trypanosomiasis. Serum samples from infected and non-infected Zebu cattle and samples from Friesian cattle with experimental infections were examined for the presence of trypanosomal antibodies. There were significant differences between the microELISA values obtained with samples from infected and non-infected cattle. During the course of infection microELISA values were found to fluctuate and the antibody response varied in individual animals. The test did not distinguish between infections withTrypanosoma brucei, T. vivax andT. congolense. There were no cross-reactions between trypanosome antigens and serum samples from cattle infected withT. theileri, Theileria parva, Th. mutans, Th. annulata, Babesia divergens andAnaplasma marginale.  相似文献   

4.
The biochemical parameters were studied in adult and young Friesian cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Forty-three clinical cases of tropical theileriosis were studied, together with 40 clinically healthy Friesian cattle. Cattle clinically infected with T. annulata had significantly lower serum total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, iron and copper concentrations and significantly higher AST activity and bilirubin concentration than the healthy cattle.  相似文献   

5.
AIMS: To describe the epidemiology of the epidemic of bovine anaemia associated with Theileria orientalis infection (TABA) in New Zealand between 30 August 2012 and 4 March 2014.

METHODS: Blood samples and associated data were obtained from cases of TABA. The case definition for TABA was met when piroplasms were present on blood smears and the haematocrit was ≤0.24?L/L. Samples were analysed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays for the detection of T. orientalis Ikeda type. Only cases that were positive in the qPCR assays were included in the analysis. A case herd was defined as a herd that had ≥1 animal positive for T. orientalis Ikeda.

Movement records for farms were accessed through the national animal identification and tracing scheme. The OR for cattle movements onto a case farm compared to a non-case farm was estimated using a generalised estimating equation model and the geodesic distance for movements onto case and non-case farms compared using Student's t-test. The kernel-smoothed risk of disease at the farm level was calculated using an extraction map and the clustering of diseased farms in time and space was measured using the spatial temporal inhomogeneous pair correlation function.

RESULTS: In the first 18 months there were 496 case herds; 392 (79%) were dairy and 104 (21%) beef herds. Of 882 individual cases, 820 (93.0%) were positive for T. orientalis Ikeda in the qPCR assays. Case herds were initially clustered in the Northland, then the Waikato regions. The OR for a case farm compared to a non-case farm having ≥1 inward cattle movements was 2.03 (95% CI=1.52–2.71) and the distance moved was 26 (95% CI=20.8–31.3) km greater for case farms. The risk of disease was highest in a north, north-eastern to south, south-western belt across the Waikato region. The spatial-temporal analysis showed significant clustering of infected herds within 20–30 days and up to 15?km distant from a case farm.

CONCLUSIONS: Theileria orientalis Ikeda type is likely to have been introduced into regions populated with naïve cattle by the movement of parasitaemic cattle from affected areas. Local spread through dispersed ticks then probably became more important for disease transmission between herds once the disease established in a new area.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dairy and beef farming in the North Island of New Zealand will be significantly changed in the coming years by the incursion of this new disease.  相似文献   

6.
To ascertain the infection rate for tick-borne pathogens in Zambia, an epidemiological survey of Theileria parva, Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma marginale in traditionally managed Sanga cattle was conducted using PCR. Of the 71 native Zambian cattle, 28 (39.4%) were positive for T. parva, 16 (22.5%) for B. bigemina and 34 (47.9%) for A. marginale. The mixed infection rate in cattle was 8.5% (6/71), 16.9% (12/71), 7.0% (5/71) and 2.8% (2/71) for T. parva/B. bigemina, T. parva/A. marginale, B. bigemina/A. marginale and T. parva/B. bigemina/A. marginale, respectively.To predict the risk for transmission of tick-borne pathogens from ticks to cattle, a total of 74 Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks were collected from a location where cattle had been found positive for T. parva. Of the ticks collected, 10 (13.5%) were found to be PCR-positive for T. parva. The results suggest that the infection rate for tick-borne pathogens was relatively high in Sanga cattle and that adult R. appendiculatus ticks were highly infected with T. parva.  相似文献   

7.
应用国产咪唑苯脲,按2mg/kg剂量肌肉注射治疗20例驽巴贝西虫病马,14例间隔24h用药2次,6例仅用药1次,均获治愈。按1～4.5mg/kg剂量一次肌肉注射治疗45例双芽巴贝西虫病黄牛,29例早、中期病例全部治愈,16例晚期病例,治愈14例,治愈率87.5％。按1.5mg/kg剂量一次肌肉注射治疗4例双芽巴贝西虫病黄牛,全部治愈。以1mg/kg,1.5mg/kg、2mg/kg剂量一次肌肉注射治疗46例水牛巴贝西虫病牛,1mg/kg剂量治疗12例,治愈9例,治愈率75％;1.5mg/kg剂量组24例及2mg/kg剂量组10例全部治愈。应用1.5mg/kg剂量间隔24h 2次肌肉注射治疗18例羊泰勒虫病羊,治愈16例,治愈率88.9％。以1～4.5mg/kg剂量1～8次肌肉注射治疗22例无定形体病牛,17例早、中期病例全部治愈,5例晚期病例全部死亡,治愈率77.3％。咪唑苯脲安全性较好,对牛、马加大剂量至8mg/kg,水牛6mg/kg,仅出现一过性的呼吸困难、流涎、肌肉颤抖、腹痛和排稀粪等副反应,约经30min后消失。  相似文献   

8.
The infection with protozoan parasite Theileria annulata induces changes triggering the activation and/or proliferation of the host lymphocytes. In order to find out the possible correlations among peripheral circulatory lymphocytes, cytokine activities and the level of sialic acids, 50 dairy Holstein cattle, naturally infected with T. annulata, were divided into 4 subgroups according to their parasitemia rates (<1%, 1–3%, 3–5% and >5%). Also, ten non-infected cattle were sampled as control group. Blood samples were taken from jugular vein into acid citrate dextrose-containing tubes for measuring hematological parameters and B and T (CD4 and CD8) cell populations and without anticoagulant for TNF-α, IFN-γ and sialic acid concentrations. Remarkable decreases observed in red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and packed cell volume (PCV) in infected cattle compared to healthy ones (P < 0.05). Also, with increase in parasitemia rate, total lymphocytes and monocytes alleviated in the diseased groups. By contrast, total neutrohpils and the concentrations of TNF-α, IFN-γ and total sialic acids were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in infected animals. Accordingly, the circulatory populations of CD4 and CD8 T cells and B cells showed a substantial decrease, while a significant increase was observed in T (CD4 and CD8) cells in cattle infected with <1% parasitemia rates. Decreased circulatory T cell population shows the ineffective responses of T cells to the stimulatory cytokines such as IFN-γ or TNF-α. On the other hand, the elevation of cytokines (particularly IFN-γ) and sialic acids have presumably an inhibitory role on circulatory B cell population in infected cattle. In addition, a high level of sialic acid concentration indicates the probable role of sialic acid to regulate the parasite-host cell adhesion during sporozoites invasion.  相似文献   

9.
An epidemiological survey for Theileria annulata infection was conducted in 12 selected villages around Ankara in Central Anatolia, Turkey, during the period April 1990 to January 1993. During the survey, 198 cattle of 30 local breeds, 84 Holstein-Friesian×local breeds and 84 Holstein-Friesian breed were examined for antibodies to T. annulata and the presence of the vector ticks. Four species of Hyalomma ticks were identified: Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Hyalomma anatolicum excavtum, Hyalomma detritum and Hyalomma marginatum marginatum. Salivary gland staining indicated that infected adult ticks of all four species were present and, therefore, were implicated in the transmission of tropical theileriosis in the field. Generally, the Hyalomma infestation rate was low, with the heaviest infestations occurring on the older animals. Young adults and calves had very low infestation rates. Most ticks seen on cattle were adults, very few nymphs were found. The blood smear and serological examination of the 198 cattle conducted in March, before the start of the first disease season, showed that the prevalence of piroplasmosis was 11.1% (22 out of 198) and the seroprevalence of T. annulata was 10.6% (21 out of 198). Forty-three animals were then excluded from the study because they were seropositive and/or harboured piroplasms. Ninety-two seronegative animals showed piroplasmosis (92 out of 155) and 34 seronegative animals became seropositive for T. annulata (34 out of 155) during the three disease seasons. One animal became clinically ill with tropical theileriosis and required treatment. The incidence of cattle showing piroplasmosis and disease in the total study sample was 50.7% and 0.5% per disease season, respectively. The seroconversion rate of new infection with T. annulata in the total study was 14.3% per animal season. The number of cattle showing piroplasmosis was much greater than the number of seropositive cattle, which may indicate the presence of another species of Theileria. The two different management systems encountered in the study were considered to have influenced the tick infestation levels.  相似文献   

10.
The Theileria parva carrier-state in cattle on commercial farms on Zimbabwe was investigated using parasitological and serological methods. The proportion of cattle showing Theileria piroplasms on two farms, which had recent histories of disease outbreaks, were 64% (n = 106, total of heifers and weaned calves examined) and 71.5% (n = 60) while the proportion of T. parva antibodies for the same animals were 59% and 98.5%, respectively. On four farms where no cases of the disease occurred for over 10 years, the average proportion of animals showing piroplasms and antibodies were 55.4% (range 32-82, n = 223) and 73% (range 47-91, n = 223), respectively. However, on another three farms which had no history of theileriosis outbreaks these proportions were very low, being 11.4% (0-24, n = 157) for piroplasms and 12.2% (5-23, n = 157) for antibodies. The mean infection rate in unfed Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adults collected from farms with a high prevalence of cattle which were carriers of Theileria piroplasms during the tick activity season was 29% (range 12-60%) with 9.3 (range 2-18.7) mean infected acini per infected tick. The infectivity of different tick batches to susceptible cattle produced a wide spectrum of theileriosis reactions. Laboratory controlled experiments were carried out to study the persistence of T. parva (Boleni) piroplasms in cattle immunized with this strain as well as its infectivity for ticks and its subsequent transmissibility to cattle. Examination of the salivary glands of 15 batches of ticks collected from six immunized cattle on three different occasions over 18 months showed that none were infected with Theileria parasites. However, the infectivity of other ticks in the same batches to susceptible animals was demonstrated 6, 10 and 18 months after cattle had been immunized with Boleni stabilate.  相似文献   

11.
Onuma  M.  Kubota  S.  Kakuda  T.  Sako  Y.  Asada  M.  Kabeya  H.  Sugimoto  C. 《Tropical animal health and production》1997,29(4):119S-123S

Bovine piroplasmosis caused byTheileria sergenti is a major cause of economic loss in grazing cattle in Japan. Infected calves show chronic anaemia with intraerythrocytic piroplasms and occasionally die in severe cases. We found that parasite stocks and isolates consist of genetically and antigenically mixed populations. To differentiate parasite populations bearing 3 allelic forms of p32/34, an immunodominant piroplasm surface protein, 3 sets of oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify either of 3 alleles by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). By using this allele-specific PCR, we found that the majority ofT. sergenti-infected calves in Japan harbored mixed parasite populations bearing C and I type parasites. To controlTheileria infection, we produced 2 vaccine candidates: recombinant baculovirus p32 and synthetic peptide containing Lys-Glu-Lys (KEK) motif. Immunization with either recombinant p32 or synthetic peptide containing KEK sequences with Freund’s complete adjuvant resulted in low parasitemia and reduced the clinical symptoms compared to control calves. Interestingly, the parasite with the p32 allelic form corresponding to the one used as the immunogen was suppressed.

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12.
Summary Methods are described for the production of nymphs ofHyalomma anatolicum anatolicum for later use in transmission experiments withTheileria annulata where the timing of the application of nymphs to infected cattle needs to be accurately controlled. Larvae are fed on the torsos of rabbits where approximately 98% undergo a two-host feeding cycle. This cycle is interrupted 2 days after the first larvae moult into nymphs by killing the rabbits and the nymphs are then collected with a suction pump. Nymphs produced by the interrupted larval feeding method feed well on cattle, in regard to timing of detachment and weight, compared with nymphs produced by interrupted feeding on rabbits
La Produccion De Ninfas DeHyalomma Anatolicum Anatolicum Para La Infeccion Experimental ConTheileria Annulata
Resumen Se describen métodos para la producción de ninfas deHyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, para usarlas posteriormente en experimentos de transmisión deTheileria annulata, en donde el tiempo de aplicación de las ninfas en el ganado infectado necesita un control riguroso. Las larvas se alimentan en conejos en donde aproximadamente el 98% desarrolla un ciclo de alimentación de dos huéspedes. Este ciclo se interrumpe 2 días despues de la muda de las primeras larvas a ninfas, sacrificando los conejos y recogiendo las ninfas con una bomba de succión. Las ninfas producidas interrumpiendo el ciclo de alimentación de las larvas, se alimentan muy bien en ganado, en relación con el tiempo en que se desprenden y el peso, en comparación con las ninfas producidas interrumpiendo el ciclo de alimentación en conejos.
Production De Nymphes DeHyalomma Anatolicum Anatolicum Pour L'Infection Experimentale AvecTheileria Annulata
Résumé Des méthodes sont décrites pour produire des nymphes deHyalomma anatolicum anatolicum destinées à des expériences ultérieures de transmission deTheileria annulata; expériences dans lesquelles le moment de l'application des nymphes sur du bétail infecté doit être contrôlé avec précision.Les larves sont nourries sur thorax de lapins et près de 98 p. 100 y poursuivent un cycle à deux hôtes. Deux jours après la transformation des premières larves en nymphes, le cycle est interrompu par sacrifice des lapins et les nymphes sont récoltées à l'aide d'une pompe aspirante.Les nymphes obtenues par interruption du repas larvaire se nourrissent bien sur le bétail, en comparaison de celles obtenues par repas interrompus sur lapins, compte tenu du moment du détachement et de leur poids.
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13.
Comparative studies of the efficacy of parvaquone (Parvexon) and parvaquone-plus-frusemide (Fruvexon) Bimeda Chemicals, Ireland, were done on 60 naturally infected cases of East Coast fever (ECF; Theileria parva infection in cattle). Small-scale dairy farmers in the peri-urban of Dar Es Salaam city reported ECF-suspected cases from March to mid-October 2001 and were treated with the two drugs alternately, as were diagnosed positive for ECF. Four sub-groups of 15 cattle each (early stage, 15; advanced stage, 15) were treated with parvaquone and parvaquone-plus-frusemide. Twenty-eight out of 30 (93.3%) cattle treated with parvaquone-plus-frusemide were cured, so do 24 out of 30 (80.0%) cattle treated with parvaquone without frusemide. Early diagnosis and prompt management of pulmonary signs, which accounted for 30.0% of total ECF cases is advised in order to improve cure rates. Unlike parvaquone without frusemide (Parvexon), parvaquone-plus-frusemide (Fruvexon) proved useful in the management of pulmonary signs, hence, a drug of choice in the treatment of ECF cases that are accompanied by or are likely to manifest pulmonary signs.  相似文献   

14.
Effectiveness of parvaquone in cattle infected withTheileria annulata   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Summary Parvaquone was used in 13 cattle naturally infected withTheileria annulata. Blood smears and lymph node biopsy smears were taken, stained and examined for the presence of the piroplasm and schizont stages of the parasite respectively. Smears were examined before and on the third, fifth and seventh day after commencement of therapy. Two doses of parvaquone were injected in the neck intramuscularly at 10mg/kg bodyweight at 48 hour intervals. Of the 13 cattle treated 11 were discharged in fairly good condition and two died of tropical theileriosis on the sixth day after commencement of treatment.
Effectividad De Parvaquone En Ganado Infectado ConTheileria Annulata
Resumen Se utilizó parvaquone en 13 animales con infección natural deTheileria annulata. Se tomaron frotis sanguíneos y biopsias de ganglios linfáticos, las cuales fueron teñidas y examinadas por la presencia de piroplasmas y esquizontes del parásito. Los frotis se examinaron antes y al tercero, quinto y séptimo día de terápia. Dos dosis de parvaquone (10 mg/kg de peso) vía intramuscular, se inyectaron en el cuello con intervalo de 48 horas. De los 13 animales tratados, 11 fueron dados de alta en buenas condiciones y dos murieron de theileriosis tropical al sexto día del tratamiento.
Efficacite De La Parvaquone Chez Le Betail Infecte ParTheileria Annulata
Résumé On a utilisé la parvaquone chez 13 bovins infectés naturellement parTheileria annulata. Des frottis de sang et des frottis de pulpe ganglionaire obtenus par biopsie ont été colorés et examinés pour la présence des stades piroplasme et schizonte du parasite. Les frottis ont été examinés avant, puis les 3è, 5è et 7è jours du traitement. Deux doses de parvaquone ont été injectées à 48 heures d'intervalle par voie intramusculaire dans le cou, à 10 mg par kg de poids vif. Sur 13 animaux traités, 11 ont été libérés en assez bonne condition, mais 2 sont morts de theilériose tropicale le 6è jour du traitement.

Name and address for reprints: N. McHardy, Coopers Animal Health Ltd, Berkhamsted Hill, Berkhamsted, Herts HP4 2QE, UK.  相似文献   

15.
Theileria annulata is endemic in northern Sudan, hindering all efforts at upgrading cattle for milk production. T. lestoquardi clinical cases occur throughout the year and causes annual outbreaks that result in substantial losses in sheep. In the northern Sudan both cattle and small ruminants are frequently raised together and/or share common grazing grounds at river banks. In an attempt to evaluate field cross infectivity of Theileria lestoquardi and T. annulata in cattle and sheep respectively, a PCR analysis was carried out on samples collected from closely reared sheep and cattle using both T. annulata and T. lestoquardi specific primers. A total of 19 sheep out of 51 (37.3%) were positive for T. lestoquardi while four sheep (7.8%) showed T. annulata specific amplicons. A total of 38 out of 52 (73.1%) surveyed cattle were PCR positive for T. annulata and only two (3.8%) showed T. lestoquardi specific bands. These findings indicate complex epidemiology of both infections in areas where both parasites are transmitted by the same vector and call for further investigations of this phenomenon.  相似文献   

16.
Summary

Theileria sp. (Bwengwa) of low virulence was isolated by feeding R. appendiculatus ticks collected from the field on a susceptible calf and subsequently transmitted between cattle by R. appendiculatus ticks‐ Theileria sp. (Bwengwa) was shown to be T. taurotragi on parasitological, clinical and serological grounds. T. taurotragi is the fourth Theileria sp. shown to be present in Zambia.  相似文献   

17.
Summary Susceptible Ankole (Sanga:Bos indicus/Bos taurus) and crossbred Ankole x Jersey (B. taurus) and Ankole x Sahiwal (B. indicus) cattle derived from a farm in Rwanda with no recent history of theileriosis, were infected withTheileria parva stocks from Rwanda either by feeding infectedRhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks on the ears, inoculation of tick derived stabilate or natural exposure to tick challenge. The Ankole cattle originated from local stock born and bred in East Coast fever (ECF) endemic areas of Rwanda. Disease, followed by spontaneous recovery, was observed in 49 of the 72 Ankole cattle after infection withT. parva (68%); the other 23 animals (32%) died of ECF. In contrast 21 of the 33 infected crossbred cattle (64%) died of ECF. It is concluded that the partialTheileria tolerance of the Ankole is, to a great extent, genetic. The basis of this partial tolerance seems to be their ability to limit the explosive multiplication of macroschizonts during the acute phase of the disease.
Resumen Se infectó ganado Ankole susceptible (Sanga:Bos indicus/Bos taurus) y ganado cruzado Ankole x Jersey (Bos taurus) y Ankole x Sahiwal (Bos indicus) proveniente de una finca en Rwanda sin historia reciente de theileriosis, conTheileria parva procedente de Rwanda, mediante la adhesión en la oreja deRhipicephalus appendiculatus infectado, inoculación de estabilados derivados de garrapatas, o exposición natural a la enfermedad a través del vector. El ganado Ankole era originario de un área endémica de theileriosis en Rwanda. Se observó la enfermedad seguida de recuperación, en 49 de 72 animales Ankole infectados conT. parva (68%); los otros 23 animales murieron (32%). En contraste, 21 de los 33 animales cruzados infectados (64%), murieron. Se concluye, que la tolerancia parcial del ganado Ankole es de origen genético. Las bases de ésta tolerancia genética, parece debida a la habilidad para limitar en cierto modo la multiplicación explosiva de macroesquizontes, durante la fase aguda de la enfermedad.
Résumé On a infecté du bétail sensible, de race Ankolé (Sanga:Bos indicus/Bos taurus) et des croisés Ankolé x Jersey (B. taurus) et Ankolé x Sahiwal (B. indicus), provenant d'une ferme au Rwanda sans cas récents de theilériose, avec des souches deTheileria parva du Rwanda, par l'application de tiques (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) infectées sur les oreilles, par inoculation de stabilat de tiques infectées ou par l'exposition à un challenge naturel de tiques. La souche d'Ankolé était originaire du cheptel local Rwandais, né et élevé dans les régions où la theilériose est endémique. La maladie suivie par la guérison spontanée fut observée dans 49 des 72 Ankolés (68%), les autres 23 animaux (32%) ont succombé à la theilériose. Par contre 21 des 33 croisées infectées (64%) ont succombé à la theilériose. Nous concluons que la tolérance partielle des Ankolés contre la theilériose, est génétique. La base de cette tolérance semble être leur capacité de limiter la multiplication explosive des macroschizonts pendant la phase aigu de la maladie.
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18.
托克逊县是牛环形泰勒虫病的疫区之一,准确诊断以及有效治疗是防控该病的要点。论文采用流行病学调查、实验室方法检测和临床诊断的方法综合确诊45头舍饲患牛作为研究对象。将45头阳性牛随机分为西药治疗组、中药治疗组以及空白组,按1、2、3、4、5d以及1周,分别对每组患牛进行临床症状观察、体温测定、血涂片观察、染虫率统计,评价治疗效果。结果表明,托克逊县夏乡5个镇散养户的194头牛血液涂片中62份有环形泰勒虫虫体;PCR检测有57份DNA样品得到与预期结果相同的534bp条带;临床诊断有45头牛表现为牛环形泰勒虫病症状;西药治疗组治愈率为93.33%(14/15)明显高于中药治疗组治愈率为73.33%(11/15)。西药组对于治疗环形泰勒虫病具有显著的效果,可为新疆有效治疗环形泰勒虫病提供参考。  相似文献   

19.
Summary The indirect fluorescent antibody test was applied for detection of circulating antibodies in sheep as a result ofTheileria hirci infections. A schizont antigen was prepared from anin vitro culture suspension of lymphoid cells infected withT. hirci macroschizonts. The peak antibody titre of1/8,192 was reached24 days after the initial antibody rise in the sheep experimentally infected by means ofHyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks.
Resumen Se utilizó la prueba indirecta de anticuerpos fluorescentes para la detección de anticuerpos circulantes en ovejas infectadas conTheileria hirci. Se preparó un antígeno de esquizontes del cultivoin vitro de una suspensión de células linfoides infectadas con macroesquizontes deT. hirci. El nivel más alto de anticuerpos 1/8192, se obtuvo 24 días después de la respuesta inmunitaria inicial en la oveja infectada experimentalmente utilizando como vectores garrapatasHyalomma anatolicum anatocilum.
Résumé Le test de la recherche des anticorps par immunofluorescence indirecte a été appliqué à la détection des anticorps circulants de mouton des aux infections parTh. hirci. Un antigène a été préparé à partir d'une suspensionin vitro de cellules lympho?des infectées par des macroschizontes deTh. hirci. Le taux le plus élevé en anticorps (1/8192) a été atteint 24 jours après la première sortie d'anticorps chez le mouton infecté expérimentalement par des tiques du genreHyalomma anatolicum anatolicum.
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20.
CASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: On 7 September 2012 the Ministry for Primary Industries was notified of a dairy cow with regenerative anaemia (haematocrit (HCT) 0.08?L/L) in a herd of 465 Jersey-Friesian cross cows (index case herd) in the Northland region of New Zealand. Organisms consistent with Theileria spp. were present in red blood cells on a blood smear. No other causes of anaemia were detected following examination of affected cows. Blood samples collected from 29 randomly selected cows on 26 September 2012 showed that 24 (83%) were anaemic (HCT≤0.24 L/L) and therefore fitted the case definition for bovine anaemia associated with Theileria orientalis infection.

LABORATORY FINDINGS: Using a T. orientalis type-specific PCR assay that targeted the single subunit rRNA gene, all of six animals tested were positive for T. orientalis type Ikeda. Blood samples collected from clinically affected cattle in 11 subsequent outbreaks from throughout the North Island showed that T. orientalis Ikeda type was a common finding, but mixed infections with Chitose type were also identified. In addition, using a PCR assay that targeted the major piroplasm surface gene, T. orientalis type 5 was detected in one cow from the Waikato region.

DIAGNOSIS: The presence of T. orientalis type Ikeda, as well as type 5, was confirmed in cattle from outbreaks of bovine anaemia in herds throughout the North Island of New Zealand.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Two new types of T. orientalis were identified in this investigation, that were associated with a sudden rise in cases of bovine anaemia. The body of evidence showed that the Ikeda type was implicated as the cause of disease observed in this epidemic.  相似文献   

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